Metacreation: Art and Artificial LifeMIT Press, 2004 - 281페이지 Artificial life, or a-life, is an interdisciplinary science focused on artificial systems that mimic the properties of living systems. In the 1990s, new media artists began appropriating and adapting the techniques of a-life science to create a-life art; Mitchell Whitelaw's Metacreationis the first detailed critical account of this new field of creative practice. A-life art responds to the increasing technologization of living matter by creating works that seem to mutate, evolve, and respond with a life of their own. Pursuing a-life's promise of emergence, these artists produce not only artworks, but generative and creative processes: here creation becomes metacreation. Whitelaw presents a-life art practice through four of its characteristic techniques and tendencies. "Breeders" use artificial evolution to generate images and forms, in the process altering the artist's creative agency. "Cybernatures" form complex, interactive systems, drawing the audience into artificial ecosystems. Other artists work in "Hardware," adapting Rodney Brooks's "bottom-up" robotics to create embodied autonomous agencies. The "Abstract Machines" of a-life art de-emphasize the biological analogy, using techniques such as cellular automata to investigate pattern, form and morphogenesis. In the book's concluding chapters, Whitelaw surveys the theoretical discourses around a-life art, before finally examining emergence, a concept central to a-life, and key, it is argued, to a-life art. |
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a-life art a-life science a-life techniques a-life's A-Volve ABSTRACT MACHINES aesthetic agency analogy Annunziato approach artificial ecosystem artificial evolution artists artwork Ascott autonomous behavior Bill Vorn biological biomorphs Biotica bottom-up Breed breeder Brown Cariani cells cellular Cellular Automaton Christa Sommerer Christopher Langton complex computational concept construction creative creatures cultural CYBERNATURES Dawkins Dawkins's Draves dynamic e-mail EIDEA electronic embodied emergence entities environment Erwin Driessens evolutionary evolved figure Flock formal Genetic Images genome genotype graphic HARDWARE Hayles Helmreich human Iconica installation interactive involved Jeffrey Ventrella Jeremijenko Jon McCormack Karl Sims Katherine Hayles Kenneth Rinaldo Latham linked Maria Verstappen metaphorical mutation Natalie Jeremijenko nature notion on-line organic parameter phenotype Plant reproduce robot Rodney Brooks Rooke's Scott Draves sculpture sense sensors Simon Penny simple Sims Sims's simulation Sommerer and Mignonneau space Steven Rooke structures TechnoSphere theory tion trees virtual visitors visual