252

KING'S SPEECH, &c.

Cumberland. Sir William Fleming, Bart. Sir William Lowther, deceased.

8. Chriftopher Dent, of St. Giles's, and Manchester linen-draper, house.man. Edward Dickins, of St. George's, Hanover-square, dealer.

11. George Robinfon, of London, infurance broker. John Wilks, of Ludgate-hill, linen-draper. - John Saunders, of Bromsgrove, vintner. Jasper Lucas, of Nag's-head-court, Gracechurch-ftreet, merchant.-Owen Larton and Humphry Pugh, of Spittlefields, dvers and copartners.-Ifaac Gregory, of Mary le Bone, merchant. Jofeph Hemmings, of Garlick-hill, paper-ftainer.-Henry Alldwin, jun. and James Ouvry, jun. of the liberty of the Tower, weavers and partners.

-

His MAJESTY's most gracious SPEECH
to both Houses of Parliament.
My Lords and Gentlemen,

FTER fo long and unwearied ap

Aplication to the publick bufinefs, it

is reafonable that I should give you some recefs. I muft, at the fame time, return you my hearty thanks for the vigorous and effectual fupport you have given me, in maintaining that juft and national eaufe in which I am engaged.

The injuries and hoftilities, which have been for fome time committed by the French against my dominions and fubjects, are now followed by the actual invafion of the island of Minorca ; which ftands guarantied to me by all the great powers of Europe, and in particular by the French king. I have therefore found myfelf obliged, in vindication of the honour of my crown, and of the rights of my people, to declare war in form against France. I rely on the divine protection, and the vigorous affistance of my faithful fubjects, in so just a cause.

Gentlemen of the House of Commons,

I return you my hearty thanks for the readiness and difpatch with which you have granted me fuch large supplies. You may depend on their being strictly applied to the good purposes for which they were given.

My Lords and Gentlemen,

Nothing has given me more inward fatisfaction than the confidence which you

May

repofe in me. It is the most acceptable
and you
return you could make to me ;
may be affured fhall be made ufe of only
for your good. The prefervation of your
religion, liberties and independency, is,
and
and always fhall be, my great aim
I trust you will not be wanting to your-
felves.

A

Of the DIVISION of TIME.

T the beginning of the world it is certain there was no diftinction of time, but by the light and darkness, and the whole day was included in the general terms of the evening and the morning.

It is not improbable but that the Chaldeans, many ages after the flood, were the first who divided the day into hours; they being the first who applied them. felves with any fuccefs to aftrology. The moft ancient fan-dial we read of is that of Achaz, mentioned in the second book of Kings, chap. xx. about the time of the building of Rome : But as these were of no use in clouded days, and in the night, there was another invention of measuring the parts of time by water; but that being not fufficiently exact, they laid it afide for another by fand.

It is certain the ufe of dials was earlier among the Greeks than the Romans; it was above 300 years after the building of Rome before the Romans knew any thing of them; but yet they had divided the day and night into 24 hours, as appears from Varro and Macrobius, tho' they did not count the hours as we do, numerically, but from midnight to midnight, and diftinguished them by particular names; as, by the cock crowing, the dawn, the mid-day, &c.

The firft fun-dial we read of among the Romans, which divided the day into hours, is mentioned by Pliny, lib. 1. chap. 20. fixt upon the temple of Quirinus, by L. Papyrus the cenfor, about the 12th year of the wars with Pyrrhus. But the first that was of any use to the publick was fet up near the Roftra, in the Forum, by Valerius Meffala the conful, after the taking of Catana in Sicily; from whence it was brought 30 years after the firft was fet up by Papyrus; but this was ftill an imperfect one, the lines of it not exactly correfponding with the several hours: Yet they made ufe of it many years, till Marcius Philippus placed another by it, greatly improved: But thefe had ftill one common defect of be

ing ufelefs in the night, and when the

fetes were overcast. All these inventions
being thus ineffectual, Scipio Naufica fome
years after measured the day and night in-
to hours, from the dropping of water.

I

BY

1

.

BY

FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1756. 253

Y the way of Holland we have had the following accounts from Minorca, dated April 21, viz. The French troops which landed the 18th instant, took poffeffion of Ciudadella, upon the English garrifon retiring from thence. The marshal duke de Richlieu and count Galiffoniere, accompanied by the principal officers of the army, received the compliments of the magistracy on their entrance into this city. At the fame time the marshal told them, "We are not come to attack you. The king my mafter has no other reafon for fending me hither, than to obtain fatisfa&ion for the infults and injuries done him by the Englih. You may depend on my protection, and be affured of my care, that the troops under my command fhall behave well, committing no kind of violence of any fort, and pay for what they buy. But beware of carrying on any correfpondence with the enemy; in cafe of your fo doing be affured of being treated with the utmost severity." Upon the marshal's taking poffeffion of this city, Te Deum was fung in the great church, and a triple difcharge of cannon on board the feet, and from the garrifon at the fame time; after which the duke gave a grand entertainment to the government, &c.

On the 19th, the marshal took poffeffion of a fmall fort, abandoned by the Englih, which ferved to cover Fornelle, a fmall port, fituated on the eastern fide of the island, at the point of a small bay, near a cape of the fame name.

On the 20th, the marquis du Mefnil, and the marquis de Monteynard, two lieutenant generals, were detached from the army with 24 companies of grenadiers, and a royal brigade, to encamp at Mersadel, from whence they were to advance towards Mahon, in order to block up that

I.

port on the eaftern fide of the bay, whilft the main body of the army is to invest fort St. Philip, in which Gen. Blakeney has gathered the chief body of his troops, to the amount of 2500 men, as fome fay, or 3000, according to the report of others. This day the heavy artillery destined for the fiege began its march. The fleet commanded by count de la Galiff niere is preparing to block up the entrance of the bay of Port-Mahon, in expectation of the arrival of admiral Byng, and with orders to fight him.

The islanders feem pleased with the arrival of the French, and gave them all poffible affistance in landing their troops and artillery, and supplying them with all manner of provifions. (See p. 248.)

As to all the accounts we have fince had, especially thofe by the way of France, they are fo uncertain, and many of them fo ridiculous, that we fhall defer till our next any further account from that island.

The accounts given us by the French of their embarkations, and hips failing, for America, are likewife fo much of the fame kind, that we shall take no notice of any of them.

Amfterdam, May 16. We have advice, that 16 men of war belonging to Sweden and Denmark, and fome frigates, have joined near Elfeneur, and that the admirals of the two nations have received orders from their respective courts to draw lots, when they come to a certain latitude, which fhall command in chief the combined fleet. It is reported, that thefe fhips are all double manned. Their deftination is varioufly talked of.

Some pretend that they are defigned to hinder the transporting of any Ruffian troops to Great-Britain. Others fay, that this fquadron is only intended to protect the navigation of the

two crowns.

The Monthly Catalogue for April and May, 1756.

DIVINITY and CONTROVERSY.

SCRIPTURE Marks of Salvation.

land.

By R. Darracott, pr. 9d. Buck

2. Two Letters to Mr. George Whitfield, pr. 3d. Marshal.

fraelites,

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10. Effays

154 The Monthly Catalogue for April and May, 1756.

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The Monthly Catalogue for April and May, 1756. 255

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oN. N. W. S. W.

50 and 60

ON. N. W.

60 and 70

N. E. by N.

80 and go

40 and 50

70 and 80

Within the Walls
Without the Walls 473
In Mid. and Surry 934

City & Sub. West. 469