The New York Supplement

967

INDEX-DIGEST

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

CONSPIRACY.

I. CIVIL LIABILITY.

(A) Acts Constituting Conspiracy and Liability Therefor.

13 (N.Y.Sup.) Party to conspiracy liable for previous acts of conspirators.-Rosco ing Co. v. Goldenberg, 711.

(B) Actions.

II. CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION,
AND ENFORCEMENT OF CON-
STITUTIONAL PROVISIONS.

48 (N.Y.Sup.) Legislature

presumed

have sufficient evidence to enable it to act.Kuenzli v. Stone, 680.

rendering

48 (N.Y.Mun.Ct.) Construction statute valid will be adopted.-Seventy-Eighth Street & Broadway Co. v. Rosenbaum, 505.

III. DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERN-
MENTAL POWERS AND
FUNCTIONS.

(A) Legislative Powers and Delegation
Thereof.

56 (N.Y.) Statute making award of damages by a board of revision of assessments final not unconstitutional, as infringing general jurisdiction of Supreme Court.-People ex rel. Crane v. Hahlo, 127 N. E. 402, 228 N. Y. 309,

56 (N.Y.Sup.) Legislature cannot deprive court of jurisdiction conferred by Constitution. In re Levy, 792.

(B) Judicial Powers and Functions.

70(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Courts will not investigate whether facts warrant legislation.-Kuenzli v. Stone, 680.

70(3) (N.Y.Mun.Ct.) Efficacy and soundness of statute legislative question.-SeventyEighth Street & Broadway Co. v. Rosenbaum, 505.

80(1) (N.Y.Sup.) President cannot delegate power to except persons from classification as alien enemies.-In re Schuster, 357.

V. PERSONAL CIVIL AND POLITI-
CAL RIGHTS.

87 (N.Y.Mun.Ct.) State may interfere with rights of private property, where safety, health, and morals demand it.-Seventy-Eighth Street & Broadway Co. v. Rosenbaum, 505.

90 (N.Y.Sup.) Ordinance giving mayor discretion to control free speech is invalid.-City of Buffalo v. Till, 418.

91 (N.Y.Sup.) Ordinance giving mayor discretion to control free assembly is valid.-City of Buffalo v. Till, 418.

VI. VESTED RIGHTS.

Trad-94 (N.Y.Sup.) Adoptive child not "heir" of life tenant, entitled to take under devise, under theory of vested right.-In re Frost's Will, 559. vested right in statutory privileges or immunities.Pardee v. Rayfield, 3.

19 (N.Y.Sup.) May be shown by circum-100 (N.Y.Sup.) Taxpayer has no stantial evidence.-Finnegan v. Butler, 671.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.

For validity of statutes relating to particular subjects, see also the various specific topics.

Taxpayer without vested right to have tax apportionment remain unaltered.-Id.

106 (N.Y.Sup.) Remedy given by Legislature repealable.-Kuenzli v. Stone, 680. No vested right to particular remedy.-Id.

VII. OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS. (A) Powers of States in General. 117 (N.Y.Sup.) Obligation of clause does not restrict police power of state. -Kuenzli v. Stone, 680.

contracts

Legislature not estopped by private contracts.

-Id.

III. MODIFICATION AND MERGER. 237(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Compromise held sufficient consideration to support modified agreement.-Nahoum v. Slocum, Avram & Slocum Trading Co., 318.

238(2) (N.Y.) Party orally agreeing that written contract need not be strictly performed not entitled to rescind for nonperformance.(B) Contracts of States and Municipal- Imperator Realty Co. v. Tull, 127 N. E. 263, 228 N. Y. 447.

ities.

135 (N.Y.Sup.) Franchise regulating rates may be modified by statute; obligation of contracts.-Village of Warsaw v. Pavilion Natural Gas Co., 73.

V. PERFORMANCE OR BREACH. 280(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Contractor doing work on cost plus basis must exercise good faith.Title Guarantee & Trust Co. v. Pam, 824.

322 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held insufficient to show complete performance of lighterage contract.-Edward J. Barton Lighterage Co. v. La Brecque Co., 170.

148 (N.Y.Mun.Ct.) Retrospective statute. permitting tenant to set up oppressiveness of rent, would impair obligation of contracts.-322 (4) (N.Y.Sup.) In action on notes givSeventy-Eighth Street & Broadway Co. v. Ros- en to contractor, evidence held to establish enbaum, 505. great overcharges and reckless expenditures. Title Guarantee & Trust Co. v. Pam, 824. 323(1)(N.Y.Sup.) Whether dyers properly performed work held for jury.-H. F. Bindseil

170 (N.Y.Sup.) Tenant's relief act held not unconstitutional.-Kuenzli v. Stone, 680.

VIII. RETROSPECTIVE AND EX POST & Son v. Aaron Littman & Co., 176.
FACTO LAWS,

186 (N.Y.Sup.) Adjustment between school districts of money expended for construction not unconstitutional, though retroactive.-Pardee v. Rayfield, 3.

193 (N.Y.Sup.) Legislature may by curative act validate anything it could have authorized.-Pardee v. Rayfield, 3.

VI. ACTIONS FOR BREACH.

324(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Contractor, who has fully performed contract, may sue either on contract or on quantum meruit.-Raile v. Peerless American Products Co., 721.

346(12) (N.Y.Sup.) Recovery on quantum meruit improper, where not claimed.-Greif v. B. L. B. Motor Repair Co., 765.

348 (N.Y.Sup.) No recovery for substantial performance, without showing cost of part unperformed.-Conforti v. Singhi, 899.

143 (N.Y.Sup.) Construed as a whole.-658.

Frederick Zittel & Sons v. Schwartz, 638.

147(3) (N.Y.) Intention of parties must be ascertained from whole.-Paige v. Faure, 127 N. E. 898, 229 N. Y. 114.

(B) Parties.

186(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Weigher owes no duty to person not employing him to accurately weigh merchandise.-Glanzer v. Shepard, 178.

187 (2) (N.Y.Sup.) Third person could not recover on promise for his benefit.-Dayton v. White, 902.

Certificate of increase of directors insufficient, where not signed by majority.-Id.

III. CORPORATE NAME, SEAL, DOM-
ICILE, BY-LAWS AND RECORDS.

43 (N.Y.Sup.) Equity will disregard corporate form and treat parties as partners, where justice requires and facts warrant.Thomashefsky v. Edelstein, 707.

Equity will disregard corporate form and enforce individual liability of the copartners in case of fraud.-Id.

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

IV. CAPITAL, STOCK, AND DIVI-

DENDS.

(B) Subscription to Stock.

400 (N.Y.Sup.) Company may specify offi-
cers who shall bind it and manner in which they
shall act.-Spitzer v. Born, Inc., 327.

ity bound, despite secret limitations of by-laws.
Company, which gives agent apparent author-

-Id.

71 (N.Y.Sup.) Right to preferences for
stockholders as to corporate stock held not af-
fected by statute.-People ex rel. Recess Ex-429 (N.Y.Sup.) By-laws of trading com-
porting & Importing Corporation v. Hugo, 9.
Preferences between preferred and common
stock held not against public policy.-Id.

VI. OFFICERS AND AGENTS.
(A) Election or Appointment, Qualifica-
tion, and Tenure.

289 (N.Y.Sup.) Right of directors and offi-
cers to hold office not subject to collateral at-
tack.-Cabana v. Holstein-Friesian Ass'n of
America, 658.

(C) Rights, Duties, and Liabilities as to
Corporation and Its Members.
310(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Directors liable to com-
pany for ultra vires acts only when they par-
ticipate therein.-Holmes v. Crane, 270.

Directors not liable for acts in good faith not
ultra vires.-Id.

312(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Depositing in trust com-
pany organized ultra vires by corporation held
not to render directors liable.-Holmes v. Crane,
270.

312(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Stockholder ratifies ul-
tra vires acts by accepting benefits.-Holmes v.
Crane, 270.

pany not binding on party relying on authority
of general officers.-Spitzer v. Born, Inc., 327.
Limitation of by-laws on president's author-
ity to execute lease binding on other party.-Id.

(D) Contracts and Indebtedness.
seller corporation held a breach of contract
458 (N.Y.Sup.) Offer to transfer stock of
Lunch & Restaurant Co. v. Zusman, 878.
to deliver bill of sale to its property.-L. R.

474 (N.Y.Sup.) Pledgee in good faith may
sell pledged bonds of third person, despite fraud
of pledgor.-Gouert v. Mechanics & Metals Nat.
Bank of City of New York, 579.

Third persons, whose bonds were wrongfully
pledged, may insist that securities rightfully
pledged be first applied.-Id.

XII. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS.

668(9) (N.Y.Sup.) That liability was in-
curred prior to foreign corporation surrender-
ing right to do business in state must affirma-
tively appear to sustain service.-Hexter v.
Day-Elder Motors Corporation, 717.

Service on foreign corporation after surren-
der of authority to do business in state held
ineffectual.-Id.

672(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Plaintiff, suing foreign
corporation subsequent to surrender of author-
ity to do business, must allege that contract
was made in state to make service effectual.
-Hexter v. Day-Elder Motors Corporation,
717.

COSTS.

I. NATURE, GROUNDS, AND EXTENT
OF RIGHT IN GENERAL.

12 (N.Y.Sup.) Not awarded in parents' ac-
tion against infant defendant to annul marriage.
-Kuykendall v. Kuykendall, 308.

COUNTERCLAIM.

Stockholders held not to have knowledge of See Set-Off and Counterclaim.
ultra vires act by representation at meeting.
-Id.

320(11) (N.Y.Sup.) Directors held to have
been acting in good faith and not liable to ac-
count.-Holmes v. Crane, 270.

COUNTIES.

III. PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, AND

LIABILITIES.

(B) Contracts.

117 (N.Y.Sup.) Contract for repairs to
county courthouse awarded without advertise-
ment construed to be valid; "local laws;" "or-
ders;" "rules."-Obelisk Waterproof Co. v.
Cloher, 303.

123 (N.Y.Sup.) Board of supervisors held
to have waived giving of bond required by con-
tract. Obelisk Waterproof Co. v. Cloher, 303.

VI. ACTIONS.

399 (1) (N.Y.Sup.) General officer has pow-208 (N.Y.Sup.) Suit may be maintained
er to do any act which directors can ratify.- against county in its name.-Delano v. Suffolk
Spitzer v. Born, Inc., 327.

County, 693.

210 (N.Y.Sup.) Rule that claimant may
present claim or sue on it directly held not
changed by statute.-Delano v. Suffolk County,
693.

COURTS.

See Judges; Prohibition.

189 (15) (N.Y.Sup.) Municipal Court jus-
tice may order entry of judgment after time
limited for "rendering" same.-Austin, Nichols
& Co. v. Jobes, 777.

190(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Order of Municipal
Court granting stay of landlord's summary
proceeding not appealable.-Kuenzli v. Stone,
680.

I. NATURE, EXTENT, AND EXERCISE 190(6) (N.Y.Sup.) Appeal from Municipal
OF JURISDICTION IN GENERAL.

8 (N.Y.Sup.) Transitory action given by
statute of another state will not be enforced
in New York, if contrary to its "public policy."
-Clough v. Gardiner, 803.

II. ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZA-
TION, AND PROCEDURE IN

GENERAL.

(A) Creation and Constitution, and Court

Officers.

42(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Municipal Court of City
of New York, made court of record in 1915,
not a new court but a continued, consolidated,
and reorganized one.-In re Levy, 792.

52 (N.Y.) Test of jurisdiction of Supreme
Court stated.-People ex rel. Crane v. Hahlo,
127 N. E. 402, 228 N. Y. 309.

(D) Rules of Decision, Adjudications,
Opinions, and Records.

Court will be dismissed, where record contains
no judgment.-Cohen v. National Ladies' Spe-
cialty Corporation, 885.

erly made on appeal from Municipal Court. Id.
Appellant's duty to see that return is prop-

190(8) (N.Y.Sup.) Order of Municipal
Court setting aside verdict presumed granted
on exceptions taken at trial.-Griffin Roofing
Co. v. Seeman, 883.

190(8) (N.Y.Sup.) Assumed that verdict
was set aside upon exceptions taken at trial.-
Klass v. Ph. Davis & Co., 885.

190(9) (N. Y. Sup.) After affirmance of
judgment including interest Municipal Court
cannot strike out provision for interest.-Burk-
witt v. New Jersey Fidelity & Plate Glass Ins.
Co., 689.

190(9) (N.Y.Sup.) Reduction of judgment
of Municipal Court by excluding unproven items
not allowed, where record too inaccurate.-
Richard v. P. Franz & Co., 882.

TION.

95(1) (N.Y.Sur.) Interpretation of federal V. COURTS OF PROBATE JURISDIC-
statute by courts of New York controls inter-
pretation by other state. In re Wittmann's Es-202 (2) (N.Y.Sur.) Surrogates have dis-
tate, 535.

IV. COURTS OF LIMITED OR INFER-
IOR JURISDICTION.

188(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held to show
partnership accounting, of which Municipal
Court had no jurisdiction.-Fischer v. Schwartz,
605.

189(6) (N.Y.Sup.) Demand for return of
property not condition precedent to action in
Municipal Court on replevin bond.-Budracco
v. National Surety Co., 590.

189(9) (N.Y.Sup.) Dismissal without no-
tice for failure to file written complaint in
Municipal Court held improper.-Schwartz, Jaf-
fee & Chas. D. Jaffee Co. v. O. B, Potter Prop-
erties, 685.

189(14) (N.Y.Sup.) Municipal Court erred
in setting aside verdict on conflicting evidence.
-Klass v. Ph. Davis & Co., 885.

189(15) (N.Y.Sup.) Default in Municipal
Court opened where defendant's counsel was
engaged in trial of another case.-Eichenbaum
v. Frank Melville, Inc., 163.

Where verified answer on file, affidavit of
merits not necessary on motion to open default
in Municipal Court.-Id.

189(15) (N.Y.Sup.) Judgment in Municipal
Court for plaintiff held unsupported, there being
no trial of the facts.-Hoffbauer v. Majestic
Doll Co., 164.

189(15) (N.Y.Sup.) Notice of motion in
Municipal Court not sufficient basis for open-
ing default.-Kerr v. Hobson, 217.

cretion to require bill of particulars.-In re
Seymour's Estate, 726.

53 (N.Y.Sup.) Cannot be created unless
recognized by law.-Rubel Bros. v. Dumont
Coal & Ice Co., 204.

60 (N.Y.Sup.) Contract essentially person-
al does not create covenant running with land,
although it so provides.-Rubel Bros. v. Dumont
Coal & Ice Co., 204.
tes-69(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Do not run with land un-
less there is privity.-Rubel Bros. v. Dumont
Coal & Ice Co., 204.

189(15) (N.Y.Sup.) Default in Municipal
Court not opened, where absent witness'
timony not material and absence unexcused.-
Harlem Lumber Co. v. Mosson, 603.

971

INDEX-DIGEST

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

CUSTOMS AND USAGES.
69 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) Restrictive covenant not
to use land for certain business held a personal
agreement. Rubel Bros. v. Dumont Coal & 17 (N.Y.Sup.) Custom inadmissible to vary
terms of sale contract.-United Steel & Met-
Ice Co., 204.
al Corporation v. Catevenis, 879.

70 (N.Y.Sup.) Covenants not to use for a
certain purpose do not run with land unless 19(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held insufficient
there is privity.-Rubel Bros. v. Dumont Coal to show custom to pay hotel manager bonus.-
McDonald v. Acker, Merrall & Condit Co.,
& Ice Co., 204.
607.

Restrictive covenants as to use of residence
property are easements.-Id.

84 (N.Y.Sup.) May be enforced against
alienee aside from existence of an easement.-
Rubel Bros. v. Dumont Coal & Ice Co., 204.

AND ELEMENTS
CRIME AND DEFENSES
IN GENERAL.

7 (N.Y.Sup.) City council has power to
fine disorderly conduct.-City of Buffalo v.

418.

X. EVIDENCE.

and Res Gestæ.

Customs established only by proof of many
instances.-Id.

Contingent,
Remote,
or
(A) Direct
Prospective, Consequences or Losses.
OF 37 (N.Y.Sup.) Plaintiff in personal injury
action held entitled to recover for loss of time.
-Perlman v. Shanek, 767.

de-57 (N.Y.Sup.) Good intent does not lessen
breach of contract.-Publicity
damages for
Clock Co. V. Hopkinson Theater Corporation,

Till,

160.

DAMAGES.
(B) Facts in Issue and Relevant to Issues, VII. INADEQUATE AND EXCESSIVE

awarded fire

366 (2) (N.Y.Sup.) Declarations of deceas-132(14) (N.Y.Ct.CI.) $4,000
ed before killing held not res gestæ.-People warden for injuries to eyesight, etc.-Van
Dusen v. State, 496.
v. Wansker, 782.

(F) Admissions, Declarations, and Hear-

say.

419, 420 (6) (N.Y.Sup.) Declarations of de-
ceased before crime held inadmissible.-People
v. Wansker, 782.

(J) Testimony of Accomplices and Code-

fendants.

1511(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Test as to sufficiency of
evidence corroborative of accomplice stated.-
People v. McPorland, 117.

Evidence held not to corroborate accomplice.
-Id.
(K) Confessions.
535(1)(N.Y.Sup.) Uncorroborated
fession insufficient to sustain conviction.-Peo-
ple v. Krauss, 715.

XV. APPEAL AND ERROR, AND
CERTIORARI.

con-

II. ACTIONS FOR CAUSING DEATH.
(A) Right of Action and Defenses.
(N.Y.Sup.) Statute creates new cause

(B) Presentation and Reservation in Low- of action.-Clough v. Gardiner, 803.
er Court of Grounds of Review.
1066 (N.Y.Sup.) Conviction on uncorrobo-
rated confession reversed without exception
to denial of new trial.-People v. Krauss, 715.
(H) Determination

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