Adam's sin, being in no sense responsible therefor. Sprung, however, from a man polluted in his whole nature by the fall, they are born with a corrupt nature inclining them to evil and that continually, which is original sin. But this original sin is not properly punishable, even as created holiness is not strictly rewardable. No man is responsible or punishable for his own original sin until, by voluntarily refusing to get rid of it in the way provided by grace, he makes it truly his own. It is indeed true that all sin is, in the abstract, justly punishable; but it is also true that no sin is justly punishable until it is no longer unavoidable and necessary; in short, until its origin or its continuance, as the case may be, becomes voluntary. Hence, if one die before arriving at an age of accountability, he is saved without a voluntary accepting of Christ, even as he became a sinner without any voluntary act of his own.-Pp. 408, 409.

The professor, however, omits to explain the process by which the infant is saved through the atonement. We venture to discuss that point in our book notice of Professor Burwash on another page.

NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, July, 1883. (New York.)-1. Dynamite as a Factor in Civilization; by Pres. J. H. Seelye. 2. The Last Days of the Rebellion; by Lieut.-General P. H. Sheridan. 3. The Increase of Public Expenditures; by William S. Holman, M.C. 4. Democracy and Moral Progress; by O. B. Frothingham. 5. Needed Reforms in Prison Management; by Z. R. Brockway. 6. Science and the Imagination; by Thomas Sergeant Perry. 7. Sanitary Drainage; by Geo E. Waring, Jr. 8. Cruelty to Children; by Eldridge T. Gerry. 9. Church Attendance; by A Non-Church-Goer, Rev. Dr. William Hayes Ward, Rev. Dr. James M. Pullman. Rev. Dr. J. H. Rylance. August.-1. Moral Instruction in the Public Schools; by Rev. Drs R. H. Newton and F. L. Patton. 2. Making Bread Dear; by Henry D. Lloyd. 3. Woman in Politics; by Dr. William A. Hammond. 4. Henry George's Social Fallacies; by Francis A. Walker. 5. Crude Methods of Legislation; by Simou Sterne. 6. The Unsanitary Homes of the Rich; by C. F. Wingate. 7. Science and Prayer; by Pres. Galusha Anderson and Thaddeus B. Wakeman. September.-1. State Regulation of Corporate Profits; by Judge T. M. Cooley. 2. Municipal Reform; by John A. Kasson, M.C. 3. Class Distinctions in the United States; by Richard Grant White. 4. Shooting at Sight; by Judge James Jackson. 5. Facts about the Caucus and the Primary; by George Walton Green. 6. Conversations with a Solitary; by W. H. Mallock. 7. The Limitations of Freethinking; by Rev. Dr. D. S. Phelan. 8. An American Wild Flower; by Grant Allen.

In the discussion on Church attendance we think about the only wise thing in the article by "A Non-Church-goer" was his anonymous. signature. So superlatively mean are some of his utterances, that we think that most respectable absentees from Sabbath worship would little care to acknowledge him as à representative. He opens with a declaration that the more respectable do not attend, and yet he seems to fear that the opinions of the respectable community are such that he prefers

to lurk under cover. Nevertheless, he mainly repeats the antireligious twaddle of our daily press, like the article in a late number of the Sun, for instance, on the decay of "The Prayermeeting," arising, as it avers, from the fact that that institution was mainly an organ of sanctimonious cant. The all-sweeping refutation of those malignities is furnished by statistics, in spite of which even the writers of editorials go on reiterating their exploded statements. And, in his reply to "Non-Churchgoer," Dr. W. H. Ward, of the Independent, so completely overwhelms him with the census reports that we might imagine that the Doctor himself had set him up as a vir straminius to demolish. We have room for but a single quotation, but his whole article is full of pith and point.

We have, then, at a moderate calculation, thirty-six of the fifty millions of our population who are recognized as regular attendants on those Churches whose faith, we are told, has ceased to attract men of culture and intelligence. Of these, ten millions are active communicants of Protestant Churches. And this immense number of communicants represents a rapidly increasing proportion of our population. In 1800 there were, according to the best available statistics, 365,000 evangelical communicants in the country, being 7 per cent. of the population, 5,308,483. In 1850 there were 3,529,988 such communicants, being 15 per cent. of 21,191,876. In 1870 there were 6,673,396 such communicants, being 17 per cent. of the population of 38,588,371. In 1880 the communicants had risen to 10,065,963, being a little over 20 per cent. of the population of 50,152,866. The increase in population since 1800 has been ninefold; that in evangelical communicants has been twenty-sevenfold-three times as great as in the population. So much for the random assertion that “only a small proportion even of intelligent or eminently respectable people are regular attendants upon religious services on Sunday," and "the proportion is increasing so rapidly that if 'A Non-Church-goer's' life should be prolonged many decades, the greater likelihood is, that he will have to hide himself away or emigrate to escape the danger of being converted.

Dr. Ward, however, aims a sharp shot at the "dilemma swingers," "the Church's silly people," who prefer Moses to Darwin. He proposes a summary dealing with such malefactors-nothing less than total massacre, figuratively speaking. "If the Church would kill off its mallei hereticorum there would be fewer heretics to be hammered." The "people" who are thus to be expunged and expurgated are those

who make wry faces at accepting an ape for their Adam. Now, we are more tolerant than all that. When the people of Rotterdam complained to Frederick II. that their preacher, Saurin, was really a Universalist, old Fritz replied, "If the people of Rotterdam wish to be damned, let them be damned." If Dr. W. and our other protoplasmic friends wish to be apes, let them be apes.

English Reviews.

BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, July, 1883. (London.)-1. The Relation of Drugs to Medicine. 2. The Religion of the Paris Ouvrier. 3. The Classification of Ideas. 4. The Tâo Teh King. 5. The Discovery of Pithom Succoth. 6. John. Richard Green. 7. Some Characteristics of Mr. Green's Histories. 8. The iberation Society. 9. Political Survey of the Quarter."

LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW, July, 1883. (London.)-1. Geological Problems. 2. Lord Lawrence. 3. The Synthetic Philosophy of Mr. Herbert Spencer. 4. Intercourse with China Fifty Years Ago and To-day. 5. Half a Century of Literary Life: 6. The Romish Theory of the Church. 7, Frederick the Great: Carlyle and De Broglie. 8. Dr. Malan on the Sacraments.

INDIAN EVANGELICAL REVIEW, July, 1883. (Calcutta.)-1. How far is the Commission of our Lord to the Seventy Disciples applicable to Modern Missions? by Rev. I. Allen, M.A. 2. Female Education in the Native Church; by a Native Missionary. 3. Self-support and Self-propagation in the Native Churches; by Rev. R. V. Modak. 4. Diary of a Tour in the Khasi Hills; by Rev. J. Jerman Jones. 5. What is Holy Matrimony? by the Editor. 6. Brahmoism-The Progressive Somaj; by R. C. Bose, Esq. 7. "Union of Christians in India;" by Rev. John M’Laurin.

German Reviews.

THEOLOGISCHE Studien und KRITIKEN, (Theological Essays and Reviews.) 1883. Fourth Number.-Essays: 1. HERING, The Beneficence of the German Reformation. 2. USTERI, Bullinger on the Significance of Zwingle's Doctrine Concerning the Sacrament and Baptism. Thoughts and Remarks: 1. KLEINERT, Does the Book of Koheleth reveal Influences extending beyond the Hebrews? 2. SCHMIDT, The Meaning of the Talents in the Parable of Matthew xxv, 14-30. Reviews: 1. ORELLI, The Old Testament Prophecy of the Completion of the Kingdom of God in its Historical Development, by RIEHM. 2. REUSS, The History of the Sacred Writings of the Old Testament, by BAUDISSIN. KIRCHLICHE MONATSSCHRIFT, (Church Monthly.) Vol. II, No. 9.—BAUR, 1. The Great Value of the Liberty which Luther Conquered for Christianity. 2. Dr. Nieden, General Superintendent. 3. A Life Sketch. 4. The Apostle Paul and Judaism, by KIKEBUSCH. 5. The Religious Conference of Kosen. 6. The New Hymnal in Hanover.

The Lutheran Reformation is the subject that now crowds all others into the background in the consideration of German

theologians. Its works of Christian love fill the first sixty pages of the "Theological Essays" for the current quarter. Professor Hering, of the sound old school of Halle, here gives us a most thorough and searching examination of the greatest movement of modern history in the Christian Church, going as far back as the Crusades to find a fitting basis on which to found the subsequent work that he has continued down to our era.

In the opinion of the learned author of this article, the Reformation may, with justice, be regarded as a movement inspired by the deepest religious spirit, and proceeding from the inner life of an entire age permeated with the very life-power of the original Gospel. And, as a mighty molding influence, it enters into the new historical epoch, and lends to it its cornerstone. And the fruitful character of this movement is not exhausted in teaching doctrines and establishing congregations. Its leaven operates on the popular life as a work of God, in these words of the Lord, "Plant a good tree, and the fruit will be good." Later investigations have paid more attention to these features than more ancient history, and still there remains much to be done to render full justice to the theme. And the one special point that now demands a more careful examination may be found in the loving and charitable deeds that owe their life to the Reformation. The famous painter, who has, in many instances, so graphically delineated the era of the Reformation, represented Luther, with the open Bible in his hand, preaching to his contemporaries from the text, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;" and in this he gave an indication, even better than he then knew, of the special tendency of the absorbing work.

Such good deeds do, in great measure, absolve the debts of gratitude that we owe to the fathers of our Christian Church, and prove its labors to be those of peace. And still these very works are not possible without casting reflection on the evils and shortcomings of the Romish Church of the Middle Ages; for reform finds its justice and its significance only on the ground where conditions indicate and justify its necessity. And the duty not to pass over these facts in silence becomes the more pressing through the efforts of Romish pens to misrepresent the aims and blacken the labors of the Reformation.

But it were unreasonable, however, to define only the errors, and not declare also the great deeds, of the Middle Ages, in the line of Christian love and charity. From the earliest beginnings of the Christian Church a great number of charitable foundations has been handed down to later centuries. This is especially the case in all the region of the upper Rhine, in Germany. It was there that the cloisters founded their first hospitals for the sick, and places of refuge for weary and poor Christian pilgrims. At a later period these institutions grew, not only from the organization of cloister life, but even the bishops and canons called them into existence, with the aid of Saxon rulers. In the epoch of the Crusades commenced a new era for the foundation of institutions of charity. The great migratory movements of the nations of the Occident for cent uries gave rise to the necessity of places of refuge for the sick and the needy that fell by the way-side; and thus the churches and all Christian organizations were called on to exercise a broad charity toward the wanderers from their homes. In this work the Germans were always, as they are now, in the foreground. The German cities were marked for the zeal and energy with which they responded to the calls of humanity. The noblest families, the clergy, and even the emperors took a large share in this work, and all in the Christian spirit, as is shown by the most common of all appellations, namely, the "Hospital of the Ghost." In the fourteenth century there was scarcely a German city without one hospital, and some had even more. Long after the Crusades pilgrims continued to wander to the Holy Land, and crowd the highways on their journeys to the graves of the saints Peter and Paul. And again others, in great crowds, journeyed to sacred places in their own land-the scene of pretended miracles, and the site of shrines founded in memory of the appearance of the Virgin or certain saints. These would often journey without scrip or food, depending, on their weary way, on the Christian charity of those Christians or Christian institutions that they might perchance find.

But it was reserved for Luther to sanctify and deepen this principle of Christian love, and extend it to the suffering every-where, so that the works of Christian beneficence that followed in the wake of the Reformation were numerous and