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offender, and a power of appeal is given to himself or his parents or guardians, of which at least seven days' notice must be given before the sessions are held at which the appeal is to be brought. The school to which the offender is to be committed (§ 8) need not be named in the sentence, but one is to be named before the expiration of the previous term of imprisonment; and a supplementary order (§ 9) may be made changing the school first named. The expenses of conveyance of offenders to such schools (§ 10) shall be paid in the first instance by the governor of the prison in which the offender has been imprisoned, or by the local inspector of constabulary, to be repaid as if incurred for the removal of prisoners. The governor of the prison or keeper of the bridewell (§ 11) is to send a duplicate or copy of the warrant of commitment with the offender to the Reformatory, placing a memorandum at the foot that the offender sent therewith is identical with the person delivered with the warrant, such memorandum to be a warrant for the detention; and a copy of the warrant (§ 12) with the memorandum to be sufficient evidence of the due conviction, subsequent detention, and identity, of the person named therein. The Treasury (§ 13), on the representation of the chief secretary, may defray, out of funds provided by parliament for that purpose, either the whole or part of the cost of maintenance of any juvenile offender so detained, at a rate per head to be agreed upon. Absconding, or refractory conduct (§ 14) is to be punished, on conviction before a magistrate, by imprisonment with or without hard labour for any term not exceeding six months, such imprisonment to be passed as far as possible in strict separation, and at the end of the term the offender to be sent back to the Reformatory to complete the term of the original sentence. Parents of offenders (§ 15), if of sufficient ability, may be enforced to contribute a sum not exceeding 58. per week towards their maintenance; but the justices (§ 16) may remit, reduce, or increase the amount of the weekly payments; and in default of payment (§ 17), the arrears may be levied by warrant of distress, and if there be not sufficient goods to satisfy the distress, with costs, the defaulter may be committed to the common jail for any period not exceeding ten days. Previous to making application for the discharge of any juvenile offender (§ 18), the managers of any Reformatory School may place such offender on trial with some person qualified to provide for and take care of such offender for any term not exceeding twelve months, unless sooner called upon by the managers to return to the school, but no one to be so placed out whose term of detention has not half expired; absconding from such person, or refusing to return to the school, to be punished as before provided. Any one (§ 19) inducing young persons to abscond, or harbouring them knowingly when they have absconded, incurs a penalty not exceeding 5l., to be recovered by summary process. Offenders (§ 20) may be removed from one school to another by order of the secretary for Ireland. The Act, by § 21, is confined to Ireland.

METROPOLIS LOCAL MANAGEMENT ACT AMENDMENT.

[21 and 22 Victoriæ, cap. 104.--August 2, 1858.]

An Act to Alter and Amend the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855, and to extend the Powers of the Metropolitan Board of Works for the Purification of the Thames and the Main Drainage of the Metropolis. The Metropolitan Board of Works (§ 1) are to commence, as soon as

may be, sewers and works for the main drainage of the metropolis, and for preventing, as far as practicable, the sewage from passing into the Thames within the metropolis; for which purpose (§ 2) they may construct works on the shores and bed of the Thames; and the powers for taking land (§ 3) given by the former Act are extended to land to be used for the purpose of deodorizing. They are empowered to borrow (§ 4), with the consent of the Treasury, at such rate of interest and upon such terms as the Commissioners of the Treasury may approve, any sum or sums of money for the purposes of this Act not exceeding three millions in the whole, but not later than Dec. 31, 1864; and may raise money for the repayment of the principal, but the amount of the new securities shall not exceed the amount repaid., The Treasury (§ 6) may guarantee the payment of the principal and interest of moneys borrowed; and all bonds, debentures, and securities issued under this Act (§ 7) are to be transferable by delivery. A separate account is to be kept of money borrowed (§ 8), and, except for repayments, to be applied only to works under this Act. The Treasury ($9) are empowered from time to time to appoint engineers to inspect the works and to report thereon, and to examine the accounts. For forty years from the passing of this Act (§ 10), the Metropolitan Board of Works are empowered to levy a rate of threepence in the pound upon the annual value of the property in the city of London and the Metropolitan Districts on the basis of the county rate; such rate (§ 11) to be called the Metropolis Main Drainage Rate, to be levied as provided in the Metropolis Local Management Act (18 & 19 Vict., cap. 120). All parts of the metropolis (§ 12) to be deemed equally benefited by the expenditure under this Act. Assessments and precepts (§ 13) to be made in prescribed forms; and the provisions (§ 14) applicable to other assessments of the Board to be extended to assessments under this Act, but the sums raised to be subject to no mortgage or security other than securities under this Act. In case of any default (§ 15) of any vestry or other body to pay the amount required, the Metropolitan Board may make and levy such a rate as they may judge sufficient to raise the money required, such rate to be levied on the persons and in respect of the property rateable to the relief of the poor, and may appoint collectors for the purpose, the expenses to be levied in addition, but as part of the said rate. The powers of the Metropolitan Board to enable their clerk to examine the county rates, &c., are extended (§ 16) to all other rates and assessments, whether parochial or otherwise; and they may (§ 17) require to be furnished with copies of poor-rates on payment or tender of sixpence for every twenty-four names, and any person having control of such rate who shall refuse or neglect to make such copy, with the solemn declaration required to verify it, is made liable to a penalty of 107., and a further penalty of 101. for every day during which the said offence shall be continued.

All moneys arising from the rate (§ 18) are to be paid into a separate account at the Bank of England, in the names of such officers as her Majesty's Treasury may appoint, together with all interest arising from investments, and moneys borrowed for repayment until applied for that purpose; such moneys (§ 19) to be applied in payment of interest on moneys borrowed, or to the purchase of bonds or other securities for the purpose of extinction, the surplus if any to be invested in government securities as the Treasury may direct, who are also to direct the sales; but the Commissioners (§ 20) may authorise such money, not exceeding the amount of three millions, to be applied by the Board of Works as money raised by loan; and any sum necessary for the payment of prin

cipal or interest (§ 21) may be paid from the consolidated fund under the guarantee given for loans. If the money raised by loan (§ 22) be repaid before the expiration of the period of forty years, the rate may be discontinued.

The Metropolitan Board under this Act (§ 23) may apply, until the works for the purification of the Thames are completed, such means as they deem proper for the deodorization of the sewage, the expense to be defrayed as provided under the 18 & 19 Vict., cap. 120; but_all works (§ 24) are to be so executed as not to create a nuisance. The enactments (§ 25) requiring the approbation of the Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings are repealed; and the time for the completion of the works for preventing the sewage of the metropolis from passing into the Thames in or near the metropolis, is extended to Dec. 31, 1863. Works on the bed or shores of the Thames (§ 27) below highwater mark, must receive the sanction in writing of the Lords of the Admiralty; and such as may interfere with the navigation (§ 28) that of the Conservators of the Thames; but nothing herein (§ 29) to prejudice the rights or interfere with the jurisdiction of such Conservators. Works under or over the Lea (§ 30) must, if under, leave the top not less than twelve feet below high water; and if over, not less than eight feet six inches above, with a span of not less than fifty-four feet. On complaint of any nuisance (§ 31) the secretary of state may order an inquiry, and if necessary direct such prosecution or other proceedings as he may deem fit to insure its prevention or abatement. Deodorize and Sewage are defined in § 32, and by § 33 it is provided that this Act be considered as one with the 18 & 19 Vict., cap. 120.

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

[21 and 22 Victoriæ, cap. 106.—August 2, 1858.]

An Act for the better Government of India.

By § 1 all the territories heretofore under the government of the East India Company are vested in her Majesty, and all its powers are to be exercised in her name; all territorial and other revenues (§ 2), and all tributes and other payments are to be received in her name, and to be disposed of for the purposes of the government of India alone, subject to the provisions of this Act. One of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State (§ 3) to have all the powers hitherto exercised by the Company or by the Board of Control, and warrants, &c., under her Majesty's signmanual, to be countersigned by the said Secretary only. From the passing of this Act (§ 4), any four of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, and any four under-secretaries, but not more, may sit and vote in the House of Commons; and (§ 5) the appointment of the President of the Board of Control to be Secretary for India not to vacate his seat. The salaries (§ 6) of the secretary and under-secretaries are to be paid out of the revenues of India.

The Council of India (§ 7) is to consist of fifteen members, of whom seven are elected by the Court of Directors from their own body and eight are nominated by the crown. Vacancies in the Council (§ 8), if among those nominated, are to be filled up by her Majesty, if among the elected, by an election by the other members of the Council; but the major part of the Council (§ 9) must be of persons who have served or resided ten years in India, and not have left India more than ten years previous to the date of their appointment; and no person not so qualified may be elected or appointed unless nine of the continuing members

be so qualified. The office is to be held during good behaviour (§ 10) ; but a member may be removed upon an address from both Houses of Parliament. No member (§ 11) is to sit or vote in parliament; the salary of each (§ 12) is to be 1,200l. a year, payable out of the revenues of India; and a retiring pension of 500l. a year (§ 13) is to be given under certain circumstances.

The secretaries and other officers on the home establishment of the Company (§ 15) are to form the establishment of the Secretary of State, who is to submit a scheme within six months for the permanent establishment, including such reductions as he may deem consistent with the due conduct of the public business; and after the first establishment he may remove officers and make appointments (§ 16), subject to the order in council of 1855 as to the examinations and other tests of fitness in relation to appointments to junior situations in the civil service. Compensation (§ 17) is to be made to officers not retained on the establishment; and provision is made (§ 18) for the superannuation of officers.

The duties of the Council of State are (§ 19), under the direction of the Secretary of State, to conduct the business transacted in the United Kingdom in relation to the government of and the correspondence with India; but every order sent to India must be signed by the Secretary, and all despatches from governments and presidencies in India must be addressed to the Secretary. The Secretary (§ 20) is to divide the Council into Committees, to direct what departments shall be under such Committees respectively, and to regulate the transaction of business. The Secretary (§ 21) is to be president of the Council, and to appoint from time to time a vice-president. The meetings of the Council ($ 22) are to be held when and as the Secretary shall direct, so as at least one meeting be held in every week, at which not less than five members shall be present; and all powers given to the Council may be exercised at such meeting. At any meeting of the Council (§ 23) where there is any difference of opinion on any question, other than one where a majority is declared to be necessary, the opinion of the Secretary is to be final, and all acts, except the election of a member of the Council, must have the sanction in writing of the Secretary; in cases of difference of opinion, the Secretary and any member may require the reasons for their opinion to be entered on the minutes. Every order made by the Secretary (§ 24) is to be placed in the Council-room for seven days before the issuing thereof, and any member may record on the minutebook his opinion with respect to such order, such opinion to be sent forthwith to the Secretary; and if a majority (§ 25) record their opinions against any act proposed to be done, the Secretary, if he do not defer to such opinions, is to record his reasons for acting in opposition to them; except (§ 26) in cases of urgency, when the order may be sent without depositing the same for seven days, the reasons being recorded by the Secretary, and notice given to the Council. The orders previously sent through the Secret Committee (§ 27) may now be sent by the Secretary without communication with the Council; and any despatches (§ 28) marked "secret" are not to be communicated to the Council unless the Secretary see fit.

As to appointments and patronage, § 29 gives those of GovernorGeneral of India, the Fourth Ordinary Member of the Council in India, of Governors of Presidencies, and of the Advocates-General of the several Presidencies, to her Majesty; those of the Ordinary Members of the Council in India, except the Fourth, and of the Members of Council in the several Presidencies to the Secretary with the concurrence of a

majority of the members of the Council; and the appointment of Lieutenant-Governors of provinces or territories to the Governor-General, subject to the approbation of her Majesty; and all subject to the qualifications now by law existing. Appointments now made in India (§ 30) are to continue to be made there. Certain sections of the 16 and 17 Vict., cap. 95, are repealed by § 31; and by § 32 the Secretary in Council is empowered to make regulations for the admission of candidates to the Civil Service in India, such regulations to be laid before parliament. All appointments to cadetships, naval and military (§ 33), and all admissions to service not herein otherwise provided for are vested in her Majesty, the names of persons to be admitted to be submitted to her Majesty by the Secretary. With all convenient speed (§ 34) regulations are to be made for admitting persons to be examined for appointments to cadetships in the departments of engineers and artillery. Not less than one-tenth (§ 35) of the whole number of persons to be recommended for military cadetships must be sons of persons who have served in India, selected according to such regulations as the Secretary in Council may from time to time prescribe; and, except such (§ 36), the nominations for cadetships are to be made by the Secretary and Members of the Councils, so that out of seventeen nominations the Secretary shall have two and each Member have one; but all nominations must have the sanction of the Secretary. The powers of making regulations as to admission (§ 37), except as before provided, are vested in the Secretary and Council, and all regulations now in existence are to continue in force until revoked or altered. Any royal sign-manual (§ 38) dismissing any person holding office in India is to be communicated within eight days to the Secretary in Council.

All the real and personal property of the Company (§ 39), except the capital stock, is vested in her Majesty for the purposes of the government of India; but the Secretary (§ 40), with the concurrence of a majority of the Council, has the power to sell and purchase property, to raise money by mortgage, and to make contracts for stores, goods, and other property; as may be thought fit for the purposes of this Act.

The expenditure of the revenues of India (§ 41) is subjected to the control of the Secretary in Council, and no grant or appropriation of any part of such revenue is to be made without the concurrence of a majority of the Council. The dividend on the capital stock of the Company (§ 42), and the existing and future debts, liabilities, and expenses, are to be charged on the revenues of India. Such parts of the revenues of India (§ 43) as may be remitted to England, and moneys arising in Great Britain, are to be paid to the Secretary in Council, such moneys to be paid into their account at the Bank of England; to be paid out on drafts or orders signed by three Members of the Council, countersigned by the Secretary or one of his under-secretaries; the account at the Bank of England to be a public account; and the cash balance (§ 44) now standing to the credit of the Company is to be transferred to the name of the Secretary in Council. A stock account (§ 45) is also to be opened at the Bank of England in their names, and any stock (§ 46) held by the Company is to be transferred to it. The Secretary in Council (§ 47) may, by letter of attorney, signed by three Members of the Council and countersigned by the Secretary or one of the undersecretaries, authorise the sale or transfer of stock, and direct the application of the moneys received therefrom; and exchequer bills, bonds, and other government securities (§ 48) are subjected to the like provisions. The powers of borrowing (§ 49) vested in the Company, are transferred to the Secretary in Council; and all provisions (§ 50)

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