691 Miles 24 gr. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 1. MEASURE OF LENGTH. 4 Quarters= 1 Hundredweight (cwt.) 12 Inches 1 Foot 20 Cwt. -- 1 Ton 3 Feet 1 Yard This weight is used in almost all com. 5) Yards 1 Rod or Pole mercial transactions, and in the common 40 Poles 1 Furlong dealings of life 8 Furlongs = 1 Mile The particular weights belonging to this 1 Degree of a Great Division are as follow:-cwt. qr. Ib. 0 14 Used 2 Stone =1 Tod - 0 1 0 An inch is the smallest lineal measure in the 64 Tod = 1 Wey 1 2 14 to which a name is given, but subdivisions Wool 2 Weys = | Sack = 3 1 0 are used for many purposes. Among me. 12 Sacks =1 Last — 39 Trade. 0 0 chanics, the inch is commonly divided into eighths. By the officers of the revenue, and DIVISION II.-TROY WEIGHT. by scientific persons, it is divided into 24 Grains = 1 Pennyweight tenths, hundredths, &c. 20 Pennywis. = 1 Ounce = 480 12 Ounces - 1 Pound =5760 Particular Measures of Length. These are the denominations of Troy A Nail 2 Inches used for Weight when used for weighing gold, silver, Quarter = 4 Nails measuring and precious stones (except diamonds). Yard 4 Quarters cloth of all But Troy Weight is also used by Apothe. Ell 5 Quarters kinds. used for height caries in compounding medicines, and by Hand 4 Inches of horses. them the ounce is divided into 8 drams, and used in measur the dram into 3 scruples, so that the scruple Fathom = 6 Feet ing depths. is equal to 20 grains. used in Land For scientific purposes the grain only is Measure to faci. 7 In. 92 used; and sets of weights are constructed hdths. tion of the con in decimal progression, from 10,000 grains Chain =-100 Links tent, 10 square downwards to do of a grain. chains being equal to an acre. The carat, used for weighing diamonds, 2. MEASURE OF SURFACE. is 37 grains. The term, however, when 144 Sq. Inches 1 Sq. Foot used to express the fineness of gold, has a 9 Sq. Feet 1 Sq. Yard relative meaning only. Every mass of 304 Sq. Yards 1 Perch or Rod alloyed gold is supposed to be divided into 40 Perches 1 Rood 24 equal parts; thus the standard for coin 4 Roods 1 Acre is 22 carats fine, that is, it consists of 22 640 Acres 1 Sq. Mile parts of pure gold, and 2 parts of alloy. 3. MEASURES OF SOLIDITY AND 5. ANGULAR MEASURE; CAPACITY. OR, DIVISIONS OF THE CIRCLE, 60 Seconds DIVISION I.-SOLIDITY. = 1 Minute 60 Minutes = l Degree 1728 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot 330 Degrees = 1 Sign 27 Cubic Feet - 1 Cubic Yard 90 Degrees = 1 Quadrant Division II.-CAPACITY. 60 Degrees, or 12 Signs = 1 Circumference. cub. ins., 4 Gills =1 Pint 6. MEASURE OF TIME. nearly. 2 Pints = 1 Quart 60 Seconds 69} 1 Minute 4 Qts. 2774 = 1 Gallon 1 Hour 60 Minutes 2 Gall. = 1 Peck 5545 =l Day -1 Week 8 Gall. 1 Bushel 2218 5 =1 Lunar Month 8 Bush. = 1 Quarter = 104 nearly. 28, 29, 30, or 31 Days = 1 Calendar Month 5 Qrs. -1 Load 515 12 Calendar Months = 1 Year The four last denominations are used for 365 Days - 1 Common Year dry goods only. For liquids several deno. 366 Days = 1 Leap Year minations have been heretofore adopted, In 400 Years, 97 are leap years, and 303 viz. :--For Beer, the Firkin of 9 Gallons, common, the Kilderkin of 18, the Barrel of 36, the WEIGHT OF ENGLISH COINS. dwt. gr. Hogshead of 54, and the Butt of 108 Galls. 5 Sovereign Flour is sold nominally by measure, but 37 2 Half Sovereign 13 actually by weight, reckoned at 7 lbs. avoir Double Sovereign 10 dupois to a gallon, Silver 4. MEASURE OF WEIGHT. Crown 18 4 4.11 DIVISION I.--AVOIRDUPOIS Weigit. Half Crown 9 2 2-11 2733 Grains = 1 Dram 273) gr 7 6 6-1) 16 Drams =1 Ounce 437 3 15 3-11 16 Ounces = 1 Pound (lb.) =7000 Sixpence 1 19 7-11 28 Pounds = 1 Quarter (gr.) Fourpence 1 51-11 341 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, MATHEMATICS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, FINE ARTS, PUBLIC ECONOMY, &c. II. THE LEGISLATION, STATISTICS, PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, AND CHRONICLE OF 1858. LONDON: PRICE TWO SAILLINGS AND SIXPENCE; OR, FOUR SHILLINGS BOUND WITH THE BRITISH ALMANAC. CONTENTS. PART I. . GENERAL INFORMATON ON SUBJECTS OF MATHEMATICS, NATURAL Philo SOPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, FINE ARTS, PUBLIC ECONOMY, &c. Page I. History of Comets. By JOHN RUSSELL HIND, F.R.A.S. 5 II. Museum of Practical Geology ; its Educational Objects 28 III. Practical Results of Sanitary Legislation in England 40 Iy. The National Collections of Pictures . 70 V. The Mutiny of the Native Army in British India ; and Dispute between Great Britain and China 93 VI. The Thames and the London Drainage 111 VII. Fluctuations of the Funds and Rate of Interest at the Bank of England . 130 VIII. Average Prices of Corn 130 PART II. THE LEGISLATION, STATISTICS, ARCHITECTURE, AND PUBLIC IMPROVE. MENTS, AND CHRONICLE OF 1857-8. IX. Abstracts of Important Public Acts passed in the Second Session of the Seventeenth Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland :Page Page Commons Inclosure 131 Sale and Transfer of Land Cambridge University. 131 (Ireland) 136 Customs Duties 131 Stipendiary Magistrates 136 Excise Duties 132 County Court Districts 137 Customs Duties, No. 2. 132 Railway Cheap Trains 137 Stamp Duties on Drafts 132 Witnesses before Committees 137 Stamp Duty on Passports 132 | Drafts on Bankers . 137 Property Qualification 132 Universities (Scotland) 138 Municipal Franchise 133 Corrupt Practices PrevenFalse Pretences. 133 tion 138 Oaths 133 | Lunatics (Scotland) AmendJews' Relief 134 ment Act 139 Joint Stock Companies Act Medical Act 139 Amendment 134 Joint Stock Banking ComInclosure of Lands. 135 panies 142 143 Copyright of Designs Act, Legitimacy Declaration 1858. 135 | Copyhold Acts Amendment 143 Page Page Court of Probate Act, 1858 . 143 Reformatory Schools (Ire- 152 Local Government Act, Metropolitan Local Manage- Art Union Indemnity 152 Titles of Acts not abstracted 161 X. Abstracts of Parliamentary Documents :- 6. Emigration and Colonial Statistics XI. Chronicle of the Sessions of Parliament, 1858 XII. Private Bills of the Sessions of Parliament, 1858 . XIV. Architecture and Public Improvements :- 1. General Progress :- Art and Buildings . 2. Public and Sanitary Improvements.-Streets, Sewer- 4. Buildings for Public Purposes 5. Buildings connected with Art, Science, and Educa- XV. Chronicle of Occurrences, 1857-8 |