IN THE WORDS OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT, "THE GREATEST MAN THE MALAYAN RACE HAS PRODUCED."-From the painting by Juan Luna, the famous Filipino artist.

A TEXTBOOK FOR THE SCHOOLS OF THE

PHILIPPINES

BY

GEORGE A. MALCOLM

JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, FORMERLY
DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES; AUTHOR

OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF MANILA," ETC.

ASSISTED BY

MAXIMO M. KALAW

THE REVISED

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CHIEF OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL
SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES; AUTHOR OF
"THE CASE FOR THE

FILIPINOS," ETC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

"Love your Country next to your God and your honor, and more than your-
self, for she is the only paradise which God has given you in this life, the only
patrimony of your race, the only inheritance from your ancestors, and the only
boon for your descendants; because of her you have life, love, interest, happiness,
honor, and God.

"Strive for the happiness of your Country before your own, making of her a
kingdom of reason, justice, and labor; for if she is happy, you and your family
will also be happy."-MABINI.

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

NEW YORK

CHICAGO

COPYRIGHT, 1910, BY

·D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ΤΟ

THE MEMORY

OF

DR. JOSÉ RIZAL

FILIPINO AUTHOR, PATRIOT AND MARTYR

THIS VOLUME IS REVERENTLY DEDICATED