3. "His his Roman history, and published various works, in which, as in the education of his pupils, he preserved a sacred regard for the interests of religion, virtue, and literature. He died at Paris, Dec. 1, 1765, after publishing, 1. an edition of " Livy," with notes, 6 vols. 4to, which, says Gibbon, contains a sensible life of the historian, a judicious selection of the best remarks on his work, and displays as much intelligence as taste' on the part of the editor. Ernesti is not less in favour of this edition, which has been reprinted in 8vo and 12mo. 2. Continuation of "Rollin's Roman History," already noticed. toire des Empereurs Romains jusqu'a Constantin," Paris, 1756, 6 vols. 4to, which was soon after translated into English, and published in 8vo. 4. "Histoire de l'université de Paris," 7 vols. 12mo; a very useful work, for which his countrymen think he was better qualified than to write the Roman history. 5. "Observations sur l'Esprit des Lois," 12mo, some remarks on Montesquieu's celebrated work, from which Crevier derived little reputation. 6. "Rhetorique Françoise," 1765, 2 vols. 12mo, which was well received, and was reprinted at Liege, in 1787. Crevier, like most voluminous writers, is careless in his style, but generally correct and precise in his narrative.' CREWE (NATHANIEL), bishop of Durham, the fifth son of John lord Crewe, of Stean, co. Northampton, by Jemima, daughter and coheir of Edward Walgrave, of Lawford, in Essex, esq. was born at Stean, the 31st of January, 1633; and in 1652 admitted commoner of Lincoln college, in Oxford, where he took the degree of B. A. Feb. 1, 1655-6; soon after which he was chosen fellow of that college. On June 29th, 1658, he took the degree of M. A. At the restoration he declared heartily in favour of the crown and hierarchy; and in 1663 was one of the proctors of the university. The year following, on the 2d of July, he took the degree of LL. D.; and soon after went into holy orders. August the 12th 1668, he was elected rector of Lincoln-college, upon the decease of Dr. Paul Hood. On the 29th of April, 1669, he was installed dean of Chichester, and held with that dignity, the præcentorship, in which he had been installed the day before. He was also appointed clerk of the closet to king Charles II. In 1671, upon the translation of 1 Dict. Hist. Dr. Blandford to the see of Worcester, he was elected bishop of Oxford in his room, on the 16th of June, confirmed June the 18th, consecrated July the 2d, and enthroned the 5th of the same month; being allowed to hold with it, in commendam, the living of Whitney, and the rectorship of Lincoln college, which last he resigned in October 1672. In 1673 he performed the ceremony of the marriage of James duke of York with Maria of Este; and through that prince's interest, to whom he appears to have been subservient, he was translated, the 22d of October, 1674, to the bishopric of Durham. In the beginning of 1675, he baptized Katharina-Laura, the new-born daughter of James duke of York. The 26th of April, 1676, he was sworn of the privy council to king Charles II. and upon the accession of king James II. to the crown, he was in great favour with that prince; he was made dean of his majesty's royal chapel in 1685, in the room of Compton, bishop of London, who had been removed; and within a few days after, was admitted into the privy council. In 1686 he was appointed one of the commissioners in the new ecclesiastical commission erected by king James, an honour which he is said to have valued beyond its worth. By virtue of that commission, he appeared on the 9th of August, at the proceedings against Henry bishop of London, and was for suspending him during the king's pleasure; though the earl and bishop of Rochester, and chief justice Herbert, were against it. Immediately after that bishop's suspension, commissioners were appointed to exercise all manner of ecclesiastical jurisdiction within the diocese of London, of which bishop Crewe was one. The 20th of November following, he was present at, and consenting to, the degradation of Mr. Samuel Johnson, previously to the most severe punishment that was inflicted on that eminent divine; and countenanced with his presence a prosecution carried on, in May 1687, against Dr. Peachy, vice-chancellor of Cambridge, for refusing to admit one Alban Francis, a Benedictine monk, to the degree of master of arts in that university, without taking the oaths. In July the same year, he offered to attend the pope's nuncio at his public entry into London; but we are told his coachman refused to drive him that way. His name was put again in a new ecclesiastical commission issued out this year, in October; in which he acted, during the severe proceedings against Magdalen college in Oxford, for refusing to elect one Anthony Farmer their president, pursuant to the king's mandate. The bishop continued acting as an ecclesiastical commissioner till October 1688; when that commission was abolished. Towards the end of the year 1687, he was employed, with the bishops of Rochester and Peterborough, to draw up a form of thanksgiving for the queen's being with child. But finding that the prince of Orange's party was likely to prevail, he absented himself from the council-board, and told the archbishop of Canterbury, that he was sorry for having so long concurred with the court; and desired now to be reconciled to his grace, and the other bishops. Even in the convention that met January 22, 1688-9, to consider of filling the throne, he was one of those who voted, on the 6th of February, that king James II. had abdicated the kingdom. Yet his past conduct was too recent to be forgotten, and therefore he was excepted by name out of the pardon granted by king William and queen Mary, May 23, 1690, which so terrified him, that he went over to Holland, and returned just in time to take the oaths to the new government, and preserved his bishopric. But, in order to secure to himself the possession of that dignity, he was forced to permit the crown to dispose of, or at least to nominate to, his prebends of Durham, as they should become vacant. By the death of his two elder brothers, he became in 1691, baron Crewe of Stean; and, about the 21st of December the same year, he married, but left no issue. During the rest of king William's reign, he remained quiet and unmolested; and in the year 1710, he was one of the lords that opposed the prosecution then carried on against Dr. Sacheverell, and declared him not guilty; and likewise protested against several steps taken in that affair. He applied himself chiefly, in the latter part of his life, to works of munificence and charity. Particularly, he was a very great benefactor to Lincoln college, of which he had been fellow and rector*; and laid out large sums in beautifying * He added 201. per annum to the headship or rectory; and 10l. per annum to each of the twelve fellowships for ever. He made up the Bible clerk's place, and eight scholarships belonging to that college, 10. a year each, for ever, which before were very mean, He made an augmentation of 10l. per annum a-piece for ever, to the curates of four churches belonging to the said college, viz. All Saints and St. Michael in Oxford, Twyford in Buckinghamshire, and Comb in Oxfordshire. All these were to take place from Michaelmas 1717. He likewise settled 201. a year a piece on twelve the bishop's palace at Durham; besides many other instances of generosity and munificence of a more private nature. At length, his lordship departed this life on Monday September 18, 1721, aged eighty-eight; and was buried in his chapel at Stean, the 30th of the same month, with an inscription on his monument. He held the see of Durham forty-seven years. Dying without issue, the title of Baron Crewe of Stean became extinct with him.' exhibitioners, which took place at Lady-day 1718. He bequeathed also 2001. a year to the university for general purposes, and was a liberal contributor to the buildings of Christ church, Queen's, Worcester, and All-Souls' colleges, and the new church of AllSaints. The expences of the Encœnia, or annual commemoration of the benefactors of this university, are partly de frayed by a sum of money originally left by lord Crewe, and formerly spert in an entertainment to that society. About 1750 they transferred it to the university, in order to furnish a musical and miscellaneous anniversary, in honour of its patrons and benefactors, among whom lord Crewe is justly commemorated. Chalmers's History of Oxford. 1 Biog. Brit.-Hutchinson's Hist. of Durham.-An Examination of the Life and Character of N. Lord Crewe, &c. 1790, 8vo, in which some parts of his political offences are softened, but enough, we fear, will be thought to remain. -Gent. Mag. LIV. 673, LX. 924, 993.-Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Birch's Tillotson, &c.-Nichols's Leicestershire. |