WEBB which he purchased in 1877, combined with the "Constitutionalist", and retained until his death. In addition to his editorial work he was agent of the New York Associated Press, 1866-92, and general manager of the Southern Associated Press. He was a member of the state Legislature, 1872-74-76; delegate-at-large to the Democratic National Convention, 1884, and a member of the World's Columbian Fair Commission. To fill an unexpired term he was appointed by the governor, as a Democrat, a United States senator from Georgia, 2 April, 1894, and then was elected to the same office by the Legislature, 3 March, 1895. Biographical Congressional Directory (Washington, 1903); LAMB, Biog. Dict. of U. S. (Boston, 1903); Chronicle (Augusta, Ga.), Morning Star (New Orleans), contemporary files. THOMAS F. MEEHAN. Webb, BENJAMIN JOSEPH, editor, historian, b. at Bardstown, Kentucky, 25 Feb., 1814; d. at Louisville, Kentucky, 2 Aug., 1897. His father, a convert, was one of the pioneers of Kentucky in 1774. Benjamin was educated at St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, which he left at an early age to learn the printer's trade. He was foreman of the office of the "Journal", a newspaper in Louisville, when, in 1836, the Rev. Dr. Reynolds (later Bishop of Charleston, South Carolina), who had been one of his teachers at St. Joseph's, persuaded him to undertake the publication at Bardstown of the "Catholic Advocate". This paper, with the assistance of Bishops Spalding, David, and Flaget, he successfully conduc.ed; he removed its office to Louisville in 1841, and in 1847 retired from its management. He continued, however, to defend Catholic interests, notably in connexion with George D. Prentice, editor of the Louisville "Courier-Journal” in 1855, in a series of letters on the intolerance of Knownothingism, which had disgraced the city by the atrocities of "Bloody Monday". These letters were printed subsequently in book form with the title, "Letters of a Kentucky Catholic". On 1 May, 1858, at the instance of Bishop Spalding and in connexion with other members of the Particular Council of the St. Vincent de Paul Society of Louisville, he issued the "Catholic Guardian", which the Civil War troubles ended in July, 1862. He was also a contributor to the "Catholic Advocate" on its revival in 1869. His long association with Catholic interests in Kentucky prompted him to compile "The Centenary of Catholicity in Kentucky' (Louisville, 1884), a volume invaluable in its records of the men and times of the pioneer era. He served as a member of the state senate from Louisville during the years 1867-75, and in 1868 wrote, at the request of the Legislature, "Memoirs of Gov. Lazarus W. Powell and Gov. John L. Helm" (published by the State). During his life he was justly regarded as the foremost Catholic layman of Kentucky. History of the Ohio Falls Cities (Cleveland, 1882); The Record and Catholic Advocate (Louisville), contemporary files. THOMAS F. MEEHAN. Directions for the Use of the Index There is no need of special directions for the use of the Index of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. The running footline is a sufficient key to it. The references it contains are: 1. subjects of articles; 2. leading points or divisions of subjects occurring in the articles themselves; 3. references to these subjects occurring in other articles; 4. subjects on which there are no special articles. In addition, the title of every article contained in the work has been entered under various classified headings, such as Art, Literature, Science, Education, Music, Philosophy, Theology, History, Sociology, etc. Only those subjects have been entered in the Index concerning which specific information is given at the place indicated; THE ENCYCLOPEDIA contains countless allusions and references which on this principle have not been given a place in the Index. Mere dictionary definitions have not been entered, nor have foreign words unless they have at least a technical currency in English. All the references have been arranged in alphabetical order according to the system followed in the work itself, that is, the letters of every title are treated as constituting a unit or single word. In inverted titles the second part of the name, usually a Christian name, influences the alphabetization only when a name or surname occurs more than once. Names consisting of several words, where no inversion occurs, are treated as one word. Where there are numerous references to persons bearing the same given name the arrangement is as follows: 1. Saints or Blessed not otherwise classified; 2. Popes in their chronological order; 3. civil rulers according to the name of kingdom or principality; 4. persons whom it is impossible to class according to place; 5. bishops, abbots, etc. according to the names of their sees or monasteries. Saints, beatified persons, popes and civil rulers are entered under their given names. Where several forms of the same name occur, all the references are grouped under one spelling to which the other forms are duly cross-referenced. As a general rule the English spelling of Christian names has been adopted, unless there is an article under another spelling, in which case the article is followed. In Biblical references the spelling of the Douay version has been used, but all other approved spellings are given in their proper alphabetical place and cross-referenced to the Douay form. INDEX TO THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA A.A., abbr. I-27b AACHEN I-1a; Benedictine as sembly (817) IV-73b; X-747c; candlestick III-249a -cathedral I-2a; (ill.) I-facing 2; interior (ill.) I-2b; Charlemagne, tomb of III-618a; Einhard rebuilds V-367a; lectern IX-110b; metal-work X-223a; mosaics X-587a; pulpit XII 564c -Charles V, coronation VI500b; collegiate church IV114b -congresses: (1748) VIII-612a; (1818) I-1d; XI-417a; X-246a; (1862) IV-242d IV -Councils I-2d; (789) I-2d; on canons III-252d; 289b; on cathedrals III-438b; on clergy, education of III-350b; (799) I-2d; IX-473a; (802) Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana 392a; (803) church music III618d; (802-803) Saxons, Law of the IX-208c; (809) Filioque VI-74c; VII-413a; holidays III-163a; (816) 1-2d; Benedict of Aniane II-467b; on canons III-252d; chapter house III-584c; Chrodegang, Rule of St., approved III-485c; cuculla IV-419d; invitatorium regulated VIII-89c; (817) I2d; on abductions I-33b; Canons Regular, constitutions II-81a; collation IX-154a; on education VIII-56b; hospitals VII-482c; (818) I-2d; (819) I-2d; (835) on Bede II-385a; (836) I-3a; XVI-25a; St. Aldric I-281a; on extreme unction V-723c; hospitals VII-482c; (860) 1-3a; Lothair II, divorce of VII-88a; (862) Lothair II, divorce of VII-88a; XI-54c -Cross of Victory IV-525c; Crown of Thorns, relics IV540c -Diet of (802) IX-61c; Chrodegang, Rule of St., III-310b; (817) and Lateran synod (1059) XI-55d; (818) blasphemy, law against II-595d -Dispersion, feast V-46c; Frederick I, coronation VI-252d; Frederick II, coronation VIII14d; Gondulphus, legend VI633d; Holy Nails X-672d; Henry IV, enthronization XV410a; learning, centre of I277a; Otto I, coronation XI354a; Otto IV, coronation VIII-14a; palace, Einhard builds V-367a; palace church, vestibule XV-387d; pilgrimage XII-88a; Rathaus, frescoes (ill.) III-facing 612; relics, inventory XII-738a; royal school, Alcuin IV-48a -Treaty of (1668) I-1c; Clement IX IV-28c; (1748) I-1c; IX664a; X-763b; XI-136b; XV158d; Indian peace XIII-384d; terms XI-505d; (1818) VII 399a Aage, Bishop of Roskilde XVI716 Aageson, Svend, chronicler IV730b Aahmes, pharao XII-41c Aal, Norway, church door XV699b Aalberse, P. J., editor XI-681b Aalborg, Lutheran diocese IV 723c; Catholic population IV723d Aalu, fields of V-529c Aar, river, bridges II-508a; XII368c Aar, periodical XI-679d; publishers XII-583d Aargau, Switzerland, and Berne II-508c; Capuchins III-324a; ecclesiastical organization II340b; monastic houses' suppressed II-351d; periodicals XI-691c AARHUS, ancient see of XVIla; IV-724c; 70c; 79a; cathedral IV-731d; Catholic population IV-723d; Dominican foundation XVI-1b; mission founded IV-725d; Lutheran diocese IV-723c Aaron, Saint IX-503d; XII772a; XV-585a -Saint, cenobite XVI-29d -Blessed, Bishop of XIII-718b Auxerre -Bishop of Cracow IV-464c -Bishop of Waitzen XV-525b AARON, high priest I-3a; X 596b; XII-407d; Asses, feast of I-799a; Christ typified I-5d; consecration of XII-413a; high priesthood I-5b; death VI440c; Golden Calf VI-628c; VII-637c; imposition of hands VII-698b; as judge II-554d; plagues of Egypt XII-143b; as prophet XII-477b; at Raphidim I-378a; rationale XII651d; rod of I-721d; I-724c; XIV-501b; sacrifice of XIII314a; tomb I-4d; Strazza's statue (ill.) XII-411d; in Tanis XIV-444a -family of, priesthood I-5b; XII-406b; 411c -ben Elias, exegete III-329c; IV-159a -ben Joseph, exegete III-329c; IV-159a; V-702c Aataentsic. See Eataentsic. Abachum, Saint IX-671b Abadie, Paul, architect XI-488d; XV-447c Abad y Quiepo, Manuel, Bishopelect of Michoacán XVI-45b; 45c Abæ, oracle of XI-265d Abaga, khan X-481d; John XXI, embassy to VIII-430d; missionaries, request for XI-57a -tribe X-480a Abaganur, tribe X-480a Abailard. See Abelard. Abaka, khan. See Abaga Abakivis. See Abenakis Abamya, writer XIV-409b Abana ('Ain Fije), river, Palestine VI-431b; IX-104d; XIV399c Abancay, battle (1537) I-327a Abandoned Lands, U. S. Bureau 'Abaqir. See Abbas Cyrus King of Navarre Abarim, mountains I-6b; VI433a Abaritte (Pindemonte) XII101c Abarner, Thomas de, Bishop of See Eleazar, son of Mathathias Aba Samú, King of Hungary VII-549b Abascal, José Fernando, Viceroy -Durante di Scolaio IV-628a -Ventura degli, Bishop of Bertinoro II-523b Abavila, John de, cardinal XII300a ABBA I-6b -See of. See Obba Abbacomites I-17c Abbacy. See Abbot Abbadia, observatory I-6d ABBADIE, ANTOINE D' I-6c -Arnauld-Michel d' I-6d; (ill.) I-6c -de St.-Germain, director-general IX-380b Abba D'rabbutha IX-591d Abban, in Acta Thomae XIV658c OF MAGHERANOIDHE, -OF NEW ROSS, SAINT I-7a Abbanstown. See Adamstown ABBAN THE HERMIT, SAINT I-7a Abbâs, Persian poet XI-720a Abbas I, shah XI-718b; Armenia, invasion of XI-722b; missionaries VIII-192d; della Valle, reception of XV-260c -Panormitanus (recentior; Siculus). See Nicolò de' Tudeschi Abbassides, caliphs XI-718a; capital II-202b; and Christianity I-780c; Jews under 1-779d; and learning I-675a; and Ommayyads XV-88d; Palmyra XI-434a Abbas the Great. See Abbas I Abbatocomes. See Lay Abbot Abbaton. See Abaddon Abbaye-aux-Dames, Caen XI105c; (ill.) VI-668b; vault VI668d Abbaye-aux-Hommes, Caen XI105c; vault VI-669b ABBE I-7a Abbé commendataire (Delfau) IV-697d; Gerberon, share of Abbelen, P. M. XI-131c -JEAN-BAPTISTE I-7b ABBESS I-7b; XI-165d; age I207d; arms VII-247d; authority I-8c; Benedictine (ill.) II455a; benediction I-8b; IX292a Brigittine II-786a; of canonesses III-255c; Eastern Church X-470c; confession to I-9b; at councils I-8d; IV424c; election I-7d; eligibility I-8a; Fontevrault VI-129d; Greek term I-375c; illegitimates II-580c; jurisdiction XV-697c; monasteries, double X-452d -Protestant I 9d; in Germany I-9a -secular (in Austria) I-10b; Spanish, peculiarity II-455c; veil XV-321d; and vows I-8c Abbet, Julius Mauritius, Bishop of Sion XIV-15d Abbeville, Alabama, school I242a -monastery, France, VI-556a; architecture VI-679b; Wulfram, St., relics of XV-716b -Gérard d', and the Sorbonne XIV-149c -Juan de, and Palencia University XI-418c ABBEY I-10d; I-16d; or abthain I-74d; architecture I-13d; Benedictine I-12a; Carthusian I-12d; cellarer I-14c; chamber-. lain I-14d; chapter house I13b; Cistercian I-12c; cloister I-12c; in commendam IV155d; dormitory I-13b; double I-11c; Eastern I-11d; emptor I-14c; greater, in England I15a; hospitality I-13a; I-14d; infirmarian I-14c; infirmary I13d; kitchener I-14c; Lateran Roman numeral indicates volume; arabic, page: -II, shah, Charles II, appeal of II-293a -(Abbot) I-15d Abba Salama. See Abuna ABBEYLEIX-ABEZ Council, decrees of IX-165b; locutorium I-12c; mensa X194a; refectory I-13b; routine I-14b; Western Monasticism I-12a; xenadochia I-13a Abbeyleix, Abbey of VIII-638c; XIII-578c Abbey Theatre, Dublin VIII 129a Abbiategrasso, façade, II-736c Abbo, Saint, Bishop of Auxerre XIII-718b -Bishop of Metz X-248a -goldsmith, and St. Eligius V386a. See also Abbon, Saint -CERNUUS I-15b; Paris, siege of XI-482b Abbolionan, Elia, patriarch XI723b ABBON, SAINT I-15c; and Adso I-161c; as canonist IX-62b; Capitula III-286b; death II683d; and Fulbert of Chartres VI-313a; on Te Deum XIV-468d Abbo of Fleury. See Abbon, Saint -Parisiensis. See Abbo Cer nuus ABBOT I-15d; XII-417c; absolution from censures III-531d; or abthain I-74d; and advocates I-168d; age I-207d; authority of I-18c; altar-stone, consecration IV-280b --Benedictine II-438a; I-16b; I-17a; II-439a; 472b; address, form of I-139b; (ill.) II-446a -benediction of I-18b; litany of the Saints IX-292a --Celtic I-507d; censures I-18d; chalices, consecration of III563c -commendatory. See Commendatory Abbot -at councils I-19d -crosier (ill.) IV-516b; in heraldry (ill.) VII-246 -dalmatic, use of IV-608c; devolution, right of IV-768b; dimissorial letters IV-797c; distribution of I-20b; election of I-17d; feasts of, in Ambrosian Rite I-399a; general I17a; 695b; gloves, episcopal Church VI-589c; in Greek VI-741d; illegitimates II-580c; indulgences VII-784b; investiture VIII-84c; irregularity II564a; kinds I-16c; lamaist XIV-718d; Lateran Council, regulations IX-17a -lay. See Lay Abbot of -manumission, right of XIV38c; Mass, application X-23b; minor orders, minister of I-19b; X-333c; mitre, heraldic use of VII-245d; 246a -mitred X-405a; form of ad dress I-139d; crosiers, use of IV-515b; crosier, veiling of IV-515d; as judge IV-678a; and plenary council XII-165c; tonsure, bestowal of XIV779a; at Vatican Council IV426d -monasteries, double X-452d; monasticism, Eastern X-468d; 471b; nullius I-16d; 19b; 19c; pectoral cross XI-601a; plenary council XII-165c; pontificalia, use of I-19c; XII-232a; 233a; president I-17a; and prior, claustral XII-427d; prior, conventual, XII-428a; at provincial councils XII-515d; regular I-16c; rights and privileges I-19a; ring XIII-60b' -secular. See Lay Abbot -staff I-19d; subsidy, charitable XIV-322c; Sylvestrine XIV373a; throne XIV-709c -titular I-17b; episcopal insignia, bestowal of VI-465a -Trappist I-17b; as vassal XIV512d; at Vatican Council IV426d ASTICAL I-22a -METHODS OF I-21a; Apostolic rescripts I-22d; Carlovingian reform XI-407d; Catacomb inscriptions I-26b; Gothic script XI-408b; Greek script, medieval XI-405a; in Greek uncials XI-404a; Justinian I28c; Leo XIII I-29c; in MSS. XI-408c ABBREVIATORS I-28c; Bulls, preparation of III-57c; constitutions of, present I-29c; institution I-28d; Knights of the Golden Cross, creation of IV-668a; of the Lower Bar I29a; Pius II XII-158c; as prelates I-29a; regulations I-29a; titles I-29c; 30a; of the UP A. B. C., periodical, Spain XI690d; XIV-188c A B C. See Alphabet ABCturium, Ambrosian Rite I403c Abdallah, father of Mohammed X-424a -ben-Abdallasis, Zamora, siege of XV-748b -ibn Thamir. See Harith (prince) 'Abd-al-Malik. See Abd-el-Me lek Abdalong, Saint, Bishop of Marseilles IX-716b Abd-Alwasi Jabali, Persian writer XI-720b Algerian leader Abdas of Susa, martyr XI-716a Abdeel, tribe I-664d Abdelaziz, emir XIV-178c; at Orense XI-295c Abd-el-Kader, XV-89c -el-Melek, caliph, and Christians IV-612b; and St. John Damascene VIII-459c; mosque, Jerusalem VIII-360d; X-588b; and Sebastian of Portugal VII-3b -el-Messiah, Jacobite Patriarch of Alexandria I-302a -el-Rezzac, historian VI-349c; Abdenago, titles I-30a; Azarias IV-620b ABDERA I-30a; founded XIV- -II, caliph XIV-178d Jews, treatment by VIII-392d; León, war with III-411a; Segovia subject to XIII-685a -el Gafequi, emir XIV-178c; and Charles Martel XII-180c Abderraman. See Abd-er-Rah -Hiba, King of Jerusalem II186c ABDIAS, prophet I-30a; III 270d; Arabia, theory I-665c; and Elias V-381c; in Sarepta XIII-476d; tomb XIII-416d -of Babylon I-30d; apocryphal Acts I-610d ABDICATION 1-31a; papal I31c Abdinghof, monastery XI-384a; founder X-148b; Gobelinus VI-607d; relics X-148c; suppression XV-604c Abdisho, Chaldean patriarch III559d; India, mission III561b -bar Bahriz, writings XIV412d 90 -bar Brika, writings XIV-413b Abd-Kelal, martyr I-671a -Melkarth, King of Tyre XII42a Abdo, Saint. See Abdon ABDON, SAINT 1-32a; tomb III-512d; relics XI-700d Abd-Starte I, King of Tyre XII41d ABDUCTION I-32b; Chalcedon III-558b; Constantine, legislation IV-300a; dispensations I-35a; as impediment VII696b; 697b; locality, change of 1-34a; motive I-34c; penalties I-34d; V-691a; sin IX-438c; violence I-34b Abdul-Aziz, sultan XV-98c -Hamid II, sultan XV-98c; abdication XV-99a; and Leo XIII VIII-44b Abdullah, caliph, census XIV403d; defeated XI-148b; insurrection XIV-325b Abdul Malek (Abdulmelek). See Abd-el-Melek -Medjid, sultan XV-98c A Becket, Thomas. See Thomas Abed Jesu, Chaldæan patriarch Abednego. See Abdenago Abeillard. See Abelard -in art: in catacombs III-425d; Dupré XVI-36d; work of Titian XIV-744a -and Cain III-142c; in Canon III-264b; Christ typified I36b; in Genesis I-130c; in Gnostic system VI-598a; in Huron mythology VII-572b; in liturgy I-54d; IX-309b; amongst martyrs I-36c; in Nasorganism X-707a; sacrifice I-36a; XIII-312d; 318a Abel (Arne) I-746b ABEL (Bib. geog.) I-36d; VI433a. See also Abelsatim -Duke of Schleswig XIII-543a -Karl von, Bavarian minister, and Döllinger V-95a; 97a; downfall IX-10b -Laurent, Bishop of Sidon XI723a See Abel -(Abell), Thomas, Blessed. See Thomas Abel, Blessed Abela and Maacha. Beth-Maacha Abel-Beth-Maacha I-36d ABELARD, PETER I-36d; on absolution I-63a; Alexander of Hales I-298a; appropriation; theory of I-659b; and Arnold of Brescia I-747d; on Atonement II-57b; 58a; Berenger defends II-489a; and St. Bernard II-500c; and Celestine II III-478c; condemnation I-38a; III-520c; on conscience IV270d; epithet V-74d; Gerhoh of Reichersberg VI-472c; Gilbert de la Porrée VI-555a; as hymnologist VII-603b; immanence VII-683a; John of Cornwall VIII-470c; Limbo IX-257b; logic IX-326d; Neo-Adoptionism I-151a; at Paris schools XI-495b; Peter Lombard XI-768d; Peter of Montboissier X-526a; as philosopher XIII-549d; 550a; 550c; Pullen XII-563b; Rationalism XIII-548d; sacraments XIII300b; as Scholastic XII-32a; Sens, Council of XIII-720b; and summæ VII-522a; 98 theologian XII-38b; and St. Thomas Aquinas XIV-672a; Trinitarian teaching XV-52d; Abeldomus and Maacha (Abel- -Robert A., in Louisville IX 388a; in Tennessee X-705a -Thomas, Blessed. See Thonias Abel Abella, physician XIII-398c See Abel Beth Abelmechola. See Abelmehula Abelmehula (Abelmeula) I-36d Abel-Mizraim I-36d; X-678b Abels, Conrad, Vicar Apostolic, Eastern Mongolia III-677b; X-482b Abelsatim (Abelshittim; Settinı) I-36d; II-388c; VI-433a; VIII-196b ABENAKIS I-39b; III-240d; X380a; Aubery II-66d; in Canada III-229d; confederacy XI644d; in Maine IX-546a missions III-233d; V-164b; XII-287c; St. Francis missin XIII-348d; Point Pleasant chapel (ill.) I-39c; Râle I-312; XII-635d; Society of Jesus XII-288a; Vetromile XI-648b Abenaquiois. See Abenakis Aben-Boen (Bib.) VI-433a Abencerrages, Pérez de XI-665b Hit & Abendländische Schriftausleger bis Luther (Denifle) VI703d Abenezer, name X-678b 158d; V-702c; VII-272d; H+ brew poetry XII-175b; on Job II-30c; on Pentateuch XI652c; 655d; on Torah XIV780c; work V-702c Abenner, king, legend II-297a Abensberg, Conrad I von, Archbishop of Salzburg III-1861; VI-472b; XIII-412b; and Hery V VIII-607d Abeokuta, hospital II-480c Abeona, deity I-684d Abercius, Bishop of Hieropo) is I-40a; VII-322c; 340b -INSCRIPTION OF I-40a; XII-263d; in Lateran Museu n IX-14b; (ill.) VIII-facing 41; symbolism XIV-374c -Marcellus I-41a; identity VIX322c Abercrombie, James, general, ut Ticonderoga XV-159c ABERCROMBY, JOHN I-41b -Sir Ralph III-297c; Trinidad XII-291b Robert I-41b; XIII-620a Abercrossan, Scotland, founder IX-520d Aberdeen, town, Scotland, Irish population VIII-154b ABERDEEN, DIOCESE OF Y41d; XIII-615c; Breviary II777b; Blairs College XIII622a; cathedral, Barbour boquest to II-288a; built I-41d; map XIII-facing 620; seminaries XIII-700b; shrine XIII761b; university I-42b -Lady, suffragist XV-693b Aberdour, Scotland, patron IV674d Abergavenny, 316a monastery IX ABERLE, MORITZ VON I-42c Abernethy, Culdees at IV-564c; monastic church XIII-631d -John, surgeon X-142b Abert, Frederick Philip Archbishop of Bamberg II245b Abes (Bib.) VI-433b Abez. See Abes |