A. Petrova, K. V. Smirnov, and I. Ia. Iakovleva (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR), p. 81-86. [For abstract see issue 23, page 4352, Accession no. A68-44091] IS THERE A COMMON GEOTROPIC DEPENDENCY IN ORGANISMS? W. Briegleb (Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Flugmedizin, Bad Godesberg, West Germany), p. 87-90. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEIGHTLESS SIMULATORS FOR OBTAINING MAINTAINABILITY CRITERIA FOR SPACE SYSTEMS. C. B. May (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.), p. 91-114. [See A69-17648 06-05] PSYCHOMOTOR REACTIONS DURING BALLISTIC ROCKET FLIGHTS (REACTIONS PSYCHOMOTRICES AU COURS DE VOLS BALISTIQUES EN FUSEES]. R. Grandpierre and G. Chatelier (Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherches de Médecine Aéronautique, Paris, France), p. 115-121. [See A69-17649 06-04] CHANGES IN HUMAN TOLERANCE TO TRANSVERSE ACCELERATIONS FOLLOWING HYPODYNAMIA OF VARYING DURATION [IZMENENIE PERENOSIMOSTI CHELOVEKOM POPERECHNYKH PEREGRUZOK POSLE GIPODINAMIKI RAZLICHNOI PRODOLZHITEL'NOSTI]. A. R. Kotovskaia, R. A. Vartbaronov, and S. F. Simpura (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR), p. 123-131. [For abstract see issue 23, page 4352, Accession no. A68-44084] CYTOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MANNED SPACE FLIGHT SAFETY. E. B. Konecci (Texas, University, Austin, Tex.), p. 143-160. 19 refs. [See A69-17650 06-05] HEART RATE RHYTHM AS AN INDICATOR OF HUMAN ORGANISM NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION IN SPACE FLIGHT [RITM SERDECHNYKH SOKRASHCHENII KAK INDIKATOR SOSTOIANILA NEIRO-ENDOKRINNOI REGULIATSII ORGANIZNA V USLOVIIAKH KOSMICHESKOGO POLETA]. V. V. Parin, R. M. Ba evskii, and G. A. Nikulina (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR), p. 161-169. [For abstract see issue 03, page 376, Accession no. A68-13951] CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF STUDYING THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN SPACE FLIGHTS [SOVREMENNOE SOSTOLANIE I PERSPEKTIVY ISSLEDOVANII SERDECHNO-SOSUDISTOI SISTEMY CHELOVEKA V KOSMICHESKIKH POLETAKH. I. T. Akulinichev, V. A. Degtiarev, and D. G. Maksimov (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR), p. 171-178. [For abstract see issue 23, page 4352, Accession no. A68-44088] INVESTIGATION OF VISUAL WORK CAPACITY IN SPACE FLIGHT (ISSLEDOVANIE ZRITEL'NOI RABOTOSPOSOBNOSTI V KOSMICHESKOM POLETE]. E. A. Ivanov, V. A. Popov, and L. S. Khachaturiants (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR), p. 179186. PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS OF THE SPACEGRAVITATIONAL PERCEPTIONS IN FLYING PERSONNEL. V. Ceauşu, S. Sigal, and V. Teodorescu (Medical Center for Aviation, Bucarest, Rumania), p. 187-192. [For abstract see issue 23, page 4358, Accession no. A68-44086] A69-17648* THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEIGHTLESS SIMULATORS FOR Oxford, Pergamon Press, Ltd.; Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Discussion of criteria relative to the operational problem, equipment design, man/machine interface, and interior and exterior layouts for weightlessness simulators. The nonparametric experi mental design approach is used to obtain data relative to the performance of a representative removal and replacement task in the simulators. An air filled G4-c suit pressurized to 3.5 psi is used by three experienced subjects. The task utilized both power and hand tools in a one hand and a one hand plus knee attached mode. Scaling factors (considering the shirt-sleeve environment as the baseline) are presented for shirt-sleeve, pressurized l-g, aircraft simulator, six-degree-of-freedom machines, and for underwater simulators. M. G. A69-18202 *# APOLLO 4 AND 6 RADIATION ANALYSIS. Timothy T. White and Alva C. Hardy (NASA, Manned Spacecraft American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 7th, New York, N. Y., Jan. 20-22, 1969, Paper 69-17. 7 p. 15 refs. Members, $1. 00; nonmembers, $1.50. Analysis of radiation measurements inside the Apollo 4 and 6 command modules while passing through the most intense portions of the trapped radiation belts. Measurements of the integrated radiation dose behind shields of 0.015 and 0.9 in. of aluminum were made inside the command modules on both missions. Dose-rate measurements behind similar shielding were obtained in the Apollo 6 command module during the ascent to apogee. Dose calculations were made with Manned Spacecraft Center computer codes, using analytical shielding descriptions, models of the radiation environment, and radiation-transport data. The calculated mission doses were within a factor of 2.5 of the measured doses, with better agreement in the calculations for the more thinly shielded sensors. The differences between the calculated and measured doses were, for the most part, attributed to errors in the model environment. The analysis of the Apollo 4 and 6 data indicated that dose calcula tions for manned lunar missions which pass through the more intense portion of the trapped radiation belt are reliable and that the expected doses are well below the planning operational dose limits set by NASA. (Author) A69-22542 * PRELIMINARY CLINICAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL ASPECTS Charles A. Berry (NASA, Manned Spacecraft, Center, Houston, Aerospace Medicine, vol. 40, Mar. 1969, p. 245-254. Preliminary clinical report of the significant medical data gathered on the missions of Apollo 7 and 8. Preventive medical activities in the preflight period and inflight treatment procedures are discussed. Cardiovascular findings and hematological and biochemical analyses conducted during both pre- and postflight examinations are reported. It is concluded that the Apollo spacecraft is capable of supporting man adequately in the space environment from a physiological point of view, and that radiation levels have not been proven to be significant in the flights thus far. B.H. Investigation of the human operator's use of roll-motion cues for man-vehicle control in a compensatory tracking task with a disturbance input. Extensive data for the human operator's describing function are taken for a wide range of vehicle dynamics under conditions of visual cues only, roll-motion cues only, and simultaneous visual and roll-motion cues. Addition of roll-motion cues to visual cues permits the human operator to increase his phase lead at frequencies above 3 rad/sec. This makes it possible for him to increase the system open-loop gain without a loss of system stability, and thus to reduce the system tracking error. Experimental results indicate that in a compensatory system with a disturbance input, any condition in which additional human operator lead at frequencies above 3 rad/sec would be useful is a condition in which roll-motion cues would aid. P.v. T. HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING RATES DURING CERTAIN Thomas E. Wempe and Daniel L. Baty (NASA, Ames Research IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems, vol. MMS-9, Dec. 1968, P. 129-138. 7 refs. Description of experiments conducted to determine the information processing rates of several subjects performing one- and twoaxis compensatory tracking tasks with a secondary auditory task. The experimental variables were the order of controlled element dynamics, the forcing function, and the addition of a secondary task. Human information processing rates decreased slightly on each tracking channel with the addition of the second tracking channel or the secondary auditory task. Other than this effect, the information processing rates were additive until a limit in the total information processing rate was reached. This limit was related to the order of the controlled element. (Author) A69-24795 •# AUDITORY TEMPORAL MASKING AND THE PERCEPTION OF ORDER. J. L. Homick (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Tex.), L. F. Elfner, and G. G. Bothe (Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla.). Acoustical Society of America, Journal, vol. 45, Mar. 1969, p. 712-718. 7 refs. NSF-supported research. An investigation of the effects of frequency, intensity, and time on the perception of temporal order and the amount of temporal masking produced under conditions of a short burst (12 msec) of tone separated temporally from a narrow-band noise indicates a similarity of function underlying the two phenomena. Temporal masking is greater and the perception of temporal order is more difficult when the signal is centered in the band of noise. Temporal masking is greater and the perception of temporal order is more difficult for a weak signal than for a more intense signal. The observed temporal masking can be interpreted in terms of a cochlear model. The relationship between temporal masking and the perception of temporal order is discussed in terms of a hierarchy of level of perception brought about by temporal cues. (Author) A69-25642 * SINGLE-CHANNEL PRESSURE TELEMETRY UNIT. Harold Sandler, Thomas B. Fryer (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.), and Boris Datnow (Mayo Clinic, Dept. of Pathology, Rochester, Minn.). Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 26, Feb. 1969, p. 235-238. 8 reis. Description of a single-channel pressure telemetry unit which is capable of chronic implantation. Reliable function of these units has been obtained up to 6 months. Recent units have been modified to include a magnetic latching or radio frequency switch. Small size and low power consumption have been achieved without sacrificing accuracy and reliability. This approach is advocated for experimental situations requiring pressure measurements in free-ranging animals or in experimental animals in hostile environments. which incorporates the three-dimensional shape of the left ventricle and the effects of ventricular wall thickness. The model resembles a thick-walled ellipsoid of revolution, a shape chosen because its volume most closely approximates the volume of postmortem left ventricular chambers when compared with volumes estimated by other regular three-dimensional figures of equivalent dimensions. The shape and size parameters of the model are determined from ventricular dimensions obtained from single plane cineangiocardiography. The model is equilibrated by a uniform internal normal stress, corresponding to the measured pressure in the ventricle cavity, and zero stress on the outer surface. Elastic and quasistatic viscoelastic solutions (for stresses and strains) that provide for shear in the ventricular wall are obtained for uniform isotropic wall material. (Author) A69-26553* EEG SENSING AND TRANSMITTING SYSTEM CONTAINED IN A Richard M. Westbrook and Joseph J. Zuccaro (NASA, Ames Research Aerospace Medicine, vol. 4, Apr. 1969, p. 392-396. Taking EEG data from human subjects participating in aircraft or flight simulator programs is often impractical because the technique of applying the electrodes in slow and tedious and often abrasive to the subject's scalp. An EEG monitor helmet has been developed in which the electrodes can be applied quickly and easily because they require no special preparation of the subject's scalp. A pilot's flight helmet is used to hold the prepositioned electrodes. Electrical contact is made between scalp and electrodes by means of a paste electrolyte. All of the electronics, including the rf transmitter, are an integral part of the helmet's shell. This system has been tested in the laboratory and in flight. It provides excellent EEG data. (Author) DEVELOPMENT OF METEOROID PROTECTION FOR EXTRA- William E. McAllum (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Space Members, $1.00: nonmembers, $1.50. The space suit used during extravehicular activities requires meteoroid protection during the space exposure to prevent perforation of the pressure bladder. The development of protective coverlayers for the Gemini and lunar-surface EVA suits is described. The meteoroid mass, which must be absorbed in the coverlayer to satisfy the mission exposure time and the reliability requirements, was simulated by a hypervelocity glass projectile of equal penetrating energy. Textiles or "soft goods" that were compatible with suit fabrication techniques were impacted with the laboratory projectile to determine response to impact and resistance to penetration. An effective projectile breakup was achieved with nylon cloth; therefore, the bumper concept that was developed previously for metallic sheets was applied to the suit protection. Two configurations were developed, one of which used nylon felt and the other used neoprene as the primary energy absorber. (Author) Mt. Prospect, Ill., Institute of Environmental Sciences, 1969, Description of a series of tests conducted to confirm spacecraft performance in the thermal vacuum (TV) environment and to verify flight operating procedures related to the Apollo lunar module. Tests were conducted of a representative spacecraft, manufactured and checked out in the same manner as the flight spacecraft. To simulate the mission time lines, it was necessary to seek a thermal similarity and introduce the two crewmen at that point. The test crewmen entered the spacecraft cabin under TV conditions and energized the vehicle systems in much the same manner as is planned in flight. A69-31459 • # G. R. FOOD TECHNOLOGY PROBLEMS RELATED TO SPACE FEEDING. Discussion of technological problems connected with feeding the astronaut in space, and summary of NASA criteria for space foods. Except for contingency purposes, these criteria eliminated foods in metal tubes and directed development effort to the dehydrated rsued. foods. Two approaches to the use of dehydrated foods were pu: Bite-size foods (to be eaten dry) and precooked dehydrated foods (to be reconstituted with water by the astronaut before consumption) were developed. The subjects discussed include thermostabilized wet meat products, packaging, human factors, and controls on food production and development. A69-31472 *# G. R. SPACECRAFT STERILIZATION BY DESTRUCTIVE HEATING. Byron L. Swenson (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.) and Lawrence B. Hall (NASA, Washington, D.C.). COSPAR, Plenary Meeting, 12th, Prague, Czechoslovakia, May 11-24, 1969, Paper. 15 p. Study of the problem of sterilization of spacecraft by destructive heating before entering a planet's atmosphere. It is concluded that a spacecraft can theoretically be sterilized in space by heating to destruction with thermite or similar agents, but heavy weight and design penalties must be accepted. A danger of contamination lies in microbes entrapped within plastic pieces surviving entry, since the low diffusivity of such materials protects them from experiencing high internal temperatures. Z.W. Tarzana, Calif., American Astronautical Society (AAS Science and Technology Series. Volume 19), 1969, p. 29-35. Discussion of the rationale for life detection, including the reasons for the approaches that are taken. The problem of detecting life on an extraterrestrial body requires some degree of experimental sophistication. The single long-shot experiment is considered unlikely to produce unequivocable data, so that a multiple experiment approach is recommended. A discussion is presented of the types of experiments most likely to produce data interpretable as a function of life processes. These experiments include chemical analyses, identification of metabolic activity and evidence for growth and replication at the molecular and/or cellular level. All of these experiments are considered in the light of the realities of planetary mission capability. A discussion is offered concerning the problems of integrating such varied experiments into a single multipurpose laboratory concept. (Author) EVALUATION OF LITHIUM PEROXIDE FOR OXYGEN SUPPLY R. Norman Prince (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Crew Members, $1.00; nonmembers, $1.50. Results of a series of 54 tests conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing lithium peroxide for oxygen supply and carbon dioxide control in advanced extravehicular portable life support systems. The test data generated by these tests show a definite potential for significant weight and volume savings in portable life support systems and space vehicles supporting extravehicular excursions. For example, a lithium peroxide/oxygen system may be up to 11% smaller and 23% lighter than a comparable lithium hydroxide/oxygen system for a 4-hr 2000-Btu/hr (average) mission. This savings becomes even more significant for a vehicle that must support multiple excursions. The program objectives included the generation of system design data, as well as the evaluation of various chemical densities, chemical catalysts, bed temperature, and bed geometry. The most promising chemical form is a low-bulk density lithium peroxide catalyzed by 2% nickel sulfate. The most critical operating parameter was the temperature of the lithium peroxide bed which, under certain test conditions, exceeded 600°F. Although excessive bed temperatures reduce carbon dioxide removal, high temperatures enhance oxygen evolution due to thermal decomposition of the lithium peroxide. (Author) A69-32810* ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE AFTER ARTIFICIAL HEAT AC- J. E. Greenleaf and J. S. Bosco (NASA, Ames Research Center, Nature, vol. 222, May 31, 1969, p. 891. 5 refs. Experimental study of the effects of artificial heat acclimatization on orthostatic tolerance in men exposed to the combined stresses of heat, exercise, and dehydration. Three out of four test persons showed marked orthostatic intolerance, although analysis of fluid losses and levels of total body dehydration does not reasonably explain the effect. A69-32970 * LIFE DETECTION TECHNIQUES. Richard S. Young (NASA, Washington, D. C.). P. G. IN: EXOBIOLOGY: THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL Edited by M. M. Freundlich and B. M. Wagner. A69-38388 * VENTILATION-PERFUSION INEQUALITY AND OVERALL GAS EXCHANGE IN COMPUTER MODELS OF THE LUNG. John B. West (NASA, Ames Research Center, Biotechnology Div., Moffett Field, Calif.). Respiration Physiology, vol. 7, June 1969, p. 88-110. 23 refs. Study of the effects of increasing ventilation-perfusion inequality on overall gas exchange in digital computer models of the lung. Ventilation/unit volume and perfusion/unit volume were distributed log normally with respect to lung volume. Ventilationperfusion inequality was found to affect the transfer of carbon dioxide nearly as much as oxygen. The reasons for the misconception that inequality does not interfere with carbon dioxide transfer are discussed. The effects of changing overall ventilation, blood flow, inspired oxygen, hemoglobin concentration, and the acid-base status of the blood were investigated when oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output were held constant at normal values. In general, mismatch of ventilation and blood flow in a lung caused the arterial oxygen tension to fall and the carbon dioxide to rise. Increasing overall ventilation rapidly restored blood carbon dioxide tensions to M.M. normal but improved oxygen tensions little. A69-39170* CARBON DIOXIDE BUILD-UP CHARACTERISTICS IN SPACESUITS. E. L. Michel, H. S. Sharma, and R. E. Heyer (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Tex.). (Aerospace Medical Association, Annual Scientific Meeting, 39th, Miami Beach, Fla., May 6-9, 1968.) Aerospace Medicine, vol. 40, Aug. 1969, p. 827-829. Description of a method for monitoring carbon dioxide levels in spacesuit research. Summaries of spacesuit carbon dioxide levels obtained in the laboratory during predetermined activity are presented for various spacesuit configurations, indicating that space suit carbon dioxide levels can be maintained within physiologically acceptable limits during energy expenditures up to 2000 BTU per hr. B.H. The metabolic rate and total energy expenditure of a suited astronaut were estimated during thermal-vacuum crew-training tests and extravehicular-mobility-unit lunar qualification tests. The crewman was configured in the Apollo space suit with a portable life-support system, and his metabolic rate was estimated by using the electrocardiogram and the portable-life-support-system oxygenbottle pressure decay as received from telemetry. These parameters were processed by the Acceptance Checkout Equipment Spacecraft computer in real time, and the results were displayed on an alpha numeric CRT. An accurate method for determining the heart rate from the electrocardiogram under conditions of strenuous exercise is presented. Comparisons of heart rate and oxygen utilization methods for the calculation of total energy expenditure are made with posttest analysis of carbon dioxide production. Constraints and limitations of each method are discussed. (Author) A69-40163* DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS IN AVERAGE EVOKED RESPONSE STUDIES-THE STUDY OF SINGLE TRIAL DATA. Emanuel Donchin (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.). Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 27, Sept. 1969, p. 311-314. 8 refs. Approach to the measurement of the similarity of an EEG segment following the onset of a specific stimulus to a given average evoked potential. The data obtained suggest that it is possible to make meaningful comparisons between EEG records obtained with a single presentation of the stimulus and the average evoked potential. The technique for measuring evoked response similarity assumes that each record represents a point in a multidimensional space, and similarity is defined as the Euclidean distance in this space. P.G. ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCES RELATED R. E. Sanders, J. P. Vincent, and H. E. Maples (NASA, Manned Description of manned testing of extravehicular activity equipment in a high-fidelity thermal-vacuum environment. This testing was the qualification of the Apollo extravehicular mobility unit for a simulated lunar-surface thermal-vacuum environment. For this testing, unique systems, equipment, and techniques were developed because of the extravehicular-mobility-unit design and the high fidelity required of the simulated environment. These systems and equipment included a lunar-surface thermal simulator, a simulated lunar-thermal environment, a solar-beam fold mirror, a weight-relief and falling-restraint system for the crewman and his extravehicularmobility-unit, and an environmental control system. A69-40371 # (Author) A REAL-TIME PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American A69-41674 * EFFECTS OF ANGULAR ACCELERATION ON MAN-THRESH- Brant Clark (San Jose State College, San Jose, Calif.) and John D. Investigation of the sensitivity of normal human observers to angular acceleration about their yaw axis, using the perception of rotation and the oculogyral illusion as indicators. The data were obtained for 53 normal men, using a one-degree-of-freedom simulator that could produce angular accelerations with narrow limits of error. A forced-choice, random, double staircase method was used to present the 10-sec stimuli. Thresholds for the perception of rotation for these 53 men were found to vary from 0.05 to 2.20 deg per sec per sec with a mean of 0.41 deg per sec per sec. The thresholds for the oculogyral illusion for 32 men were significantly below these figures, the thresholds varying from 0.04 to 0.28 deg per sec per sec with a mean of 0.11 deg per sec per sec. These data show that normal men are extremely sensitive to angular acceleration about their yaw axis under optimum testing conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the psychophysiological mechanisms involved and to their implications for spatial orientation and the precision of control tasks in flight. (Author) A69-41675* FLIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM. XIV-LANDING PERFORMANCE IN JET AIRCRAFT AFTER THE LOSS OF BINOCULAR VISION. Charles E. Lewis, Jr. and Gary E. Krier (NASA, Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif.). Aerospace Medicine, vol. 40, Sept. 1969, p. 957-963. 15 refs. Thirteen pilots were studied in a T-33A jet trainer during a series of touch-and-go landings. Each flight included landing approaches with full binocular vision, followed by approaches with first the left and then the right eye covered. Both lateral and longitudinal miss-distance were photooptically measured from a specified touchdown point. Performance on final approach was analyzed with respect to airspeed control, sink rate, and the approach angle. Landing errors were clearly shown not to increase significantly during approaches made with one eye covered. The pilots were free to select any angle of descent during approach that they desired. Steeper approaches were consistently observed when vision was restricted to one eye than those flown with normal vision. One pilot was studied for three consecutive weeks during which his dominant eye was patched. Landing performance was analyzed during three flights (including thirty-five landings) and was compared with control data. Analysis of these data revealed no significant difference in landing performance with vision restricted to one eye over the entire period. (Author) A69-41679 * EFFECTS OF VARIOUS RESPIRATORY MANEUVERS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ANGULAR ACCELERATION. Jose G. Lipana (NASA, Flight Research Center, Lovelace Foundation Field Laboratory, Edwards, Calif.), John Fletcher (Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., San Antonio, Tex.), William Brown, and George Cohen (Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., San Antonio; USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Biodynamics Branch, Brooks AFB, Tex.). (Aerospace Medical Association, Annual Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., May 5-8, 1969.) Aerospace Medicine, vol. 40, Sept. 1969, p. 976-980. 8 refs. Study of the effects of breath holding, M1, Valsalva, and Mueller's maneuvers on healthy males during static condition at various postures and during pure axis rotations. The subject was seated inside a hollow spherical simulator. Rotation was at the rate of 6 rpm with the axis of rotation through the body. Heart rates, ECG, blood pressures, respiratory rates and voice were monitored by telemetry. The characteristics of the response pattern were dependent on the kind of maneuver, the instantaneous posture, and the time the maneuver was initiated. Early obliteration of the pulse pressures were notable with Mueller's and Valsalva maneuvers. On repeated performance, all of the maneuvers studied provoked nausea, vomiting, and syncopal symptoms of varying degrees. The onset of these symptoms limited the duration for which the subject can normally withstand prolonged rotation. Unlike the M1 maneuver, which had beneficial effect during linear positive acceleration, none of these maneuvers was protective against angular acceleration. On the contrary, performance of any of these maneuvers jeopardizes (Author) man's tolerance to this spectrum of acceleration. A69-41683 PHYSICAL FITNESS AND TOLERANCES TO ENVIRONMENTAL K. E. Klein, H. M. Wegmann, H. Brüner, and L. Vogt (Deutsche During "submaximum" loading tests of 20-30 min duration at simulated altitude (312 mm Hg), during acceleration, and during exercise at sea level and at moderate simulated altitude (578 mm Hg), heart rates were significantly lower for highly trained athletes (20-25 per cent) than in nonathletes. In maximum tolerance tests, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups only for maximum oxygen uptake at physical exercise, but no indication was seen for a positive cross-adaption effect of physical exercise training on the other stressors. Statistical analysis of the correlation between heart rate responses to the different stressors and the corresponding tolerances proved negligible relationships only; whereas heart rates were always highly dependent on sea level maximum oxygen uptake. The results do not support the idea of an improvement of human tolerance to environmental extremes by physical exercise training. A69-41800 * (Author) PRESCRIPTION OF EXERCISE FOR THE HYPOKINETIC AIRLINE PILOT. L. E. Morehouse (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Houston, Tex.; California, University, Dept. of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Los Angeles, Calif.), W. L. Marxer, and E. D. Warren (NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Houston, Tex.; Federal Aviation Administration, Los Angeles, Calif.). IN: AVIATION AND SPACE MEDICINE; PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS, OSLO, NORWAY, AUGUST 5-8, 1968. (A69-41783 23-05) Edited by Birger Hannisdahl and C. W. Sem-Jacobsen. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1969, p. 146-153. Discussion of the recent advances in exercise physiology and instrumentation which have made it possible to establish standards for evaluation of exercise tolerance, to define personal training loads, and to prescribe exercise for the hypokinetic airline pilots in accordance with their needs and interests. The signs of hypokinesis in airline pilots, due mostly to lack of physical exercise, the prescriptions of physical exercise in accurate doses, the pertinent predictive tests and their evaluation, are described. A number of methods and means of controlling the heart rate are reviewed. The procedures used in calibration tests to establish the current level of the pilot's most vigorous regular physical activity and the maximum work rate at which exercise is well tolerated, as well as the respective metered training regimens, are commented on in detail. O.H. A69-42850 * # EVA MANEUVERING UNIT COMPARISON. Contracts No. AF 33(615)-68-C-1175; No. NAS 9-9109. Description of two studies on the comparison, through simulation, of three maneuvering units for space tasks. The maneuvering units considered are: (1) an unstabilized astronaut maneuvering unit (AMU), (2) a hand-held maneuvering unit (HHMU), and (3) an integrated maneuvering and life support system (IMLSS). The test subject was suspended in the gimbaled head of the six-degree-offreedom servo-driven moving-base simulator. The simulation technique involves computation of the problem dynamics on a hybrid computer that then determines the commands for the moving base. Instrument maneuvering unit hand controller mockups are used by the test subject. Signals from the hand controller mockups are used in the hybrid program to introduce the thrust histories. The performance comparison data for the AMU and HHMU, as well as for four configurations of the IMLSS, are established. Z.W. A69-42876* # RECENT ADVANCES IN CLOSED LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM CONCEPTS. Jacob Shapira (NASA, Ames Research Center, Biotechnology Div., Moffett Field, Calif.). American Astronautical Society and Operations Research Society of America, Joint National Meeting, Denver, Colo., June 17-20, 1969, AAS Paper 69-143. 12 p. 23 refs. The logistics of long duration manned space missions demands that effective systems be developed for the recovery of useful materials from metabolic and other wastes. The order of priority is water, oxygen, and food. The current state of development is also in the same order. This work discusses those approaches to these problems which are currently under most intensive investigation in this country. Water is most conveniently recovered by a combination of vacuum distillation and multifiltration. Carbon dioxide is removed by absorption and is subsequently reduced to methane with hydrogen to produce additional water. Oxygen can be produced from water by electrolysis of recovered liquid water or directly from the vapor phase. Bioregenerative food systems may have utility, but physicochemical methods appear to offer many advantages. (Author) A69-42983 * # A MULTIPURPOSE VENTRICULAR ACTUATING SYSTEM. |