TABLE LVIII. Summary Statement of the value of the exports of the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United TABLE LIX. View of the Commerce of the U. S. with different Foreign Countries, during the year ending Sept. 30, 1831. TABLE LX. Statement of the Commerce of each State and Territory, commencing on the 1st day of October 1829, and ending on the 50th day of September 1830. New York 269,583 33,432,098 206,965 643,435 27,087 27,087 670,522 2,685 96,184 658,256 13,444 269,583 47,105 3,613,242 7,213,194 71,985 278,950 3,901 389,511 2,191,972|35,624,070|12,277,553|1,340,725|13,618,278| 5,130,189 949,516 6,079,705 19,697,983 8,224 100 100 8,324 64,226 1,367,341 4,291,793 52,258 715,497 3,791,482 8,594,297 107,825 8,702,122 2,763,229 161,223 2,924,452 1,303,115 783 399,333 46,210 7,627,031 5,336,626 3,129 2,294,594 5,873,970 1,725,113 7,599,083 10,059,640 2,983,100 13,042,740 1,953,880 492,072 2,445,952 15,488,692 78 Alabama 1,588 7,570 66,035,739 4,841,181 70,876,920 51,106,189 8,355,840 59,462,029 12,776,529 1,610,950 14,387,479 73,849,508 NAVIGATION. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Quantity of Amer. tonnage. Quantity of foreign tonnage. Total Amer. & for. tonnage. MANUFACTURES. The London company which began the colonization of Virginia, gave considerable attention to manufactures. Among the establishments at Jamestown, were glass-works, for making beads for the Indian trade. At Falling Creek were iron-works. At Cape Charles, on the eastern shore of Virginia, were salt-works. The cultivation of the virgin soil was so much more profitable than the making of iron, glass and salt, that it can excite no surprise to hear that these works, all of which had their origin previous to the year 1616, were not long continued in operation. Those branches of manufactures which are included under the general name of handicrafts, were better adapted to the condition of the colonists, and most of these were successfully prosecuted by them from a very early period of our country's history. much woollen cloth of their own manufacture for exportation, at a period when they were under the necessity of devoting much of their labour and capital to the clearing of new lands, and when there was a great demand in the West Indies and in Europe for the products of their agriculture and of their fisheries. But this law is proof that the manufacture of woollen had, at that early day, become important enough to excite the jealousy of the British, a jealousy, it must be confessed, very easily excited. The next instance we have met with of strongly marked jealousy of American manufactures, was in 1715. It appears then to have been awakened by the remarks of a New England man, possibly one who had profited by the bounty granted in 1703, on American naval stores, imported into Great Britain. In a letter addressed to the Board of Trade and Plantations, he urges the propriety of continuing this bounty. "Our country," he says, "abounds in iron ore; but we have not yet got into the way of making enough for our own supply. Wherefore, to prevent our setting up in New England, manufactures that will interfere with Great Britain, it is highly necessary to employ the New England people as much as possible in making naval stores for their mother country." In the same letter he says, "that in the scarcity or dearness of woollen goods from England about nine years ago, the New England people, not being able to pay two hundred per cent and more advances thereon, did set up a very considerable manufacture, still in being, for stuffs, kerseys, linsey-woolseys, flannels, buttons, &c." The inhabitants of the colonies in 1700, ninetythree years after the commencement of the settlement of Virginia, and eighteen years after the foundation of Philadelphia, were only 262,000, or but 50,000 more than the city of New York now numbers. This small population, scattered over a territory many hundred miles in extent, found in agriculture, navigation, commerce and the fisheries, their principal means of subsistence. From the land and the ocean they drew that which enabled them to procure from Europe many of the comforts of life, at less cost than they could produce them at home. But though they enjoyed, by law, a free trade with the British West Indies, and without law, a free trade with the other West Indies, and many other parts of the world, their agriculture, By this time, iron works had been re-established commerce, navigation, and fisheries, did not afford in Virginia, and were in successful operation. That full employment for their labour and capital. An the manufacture of iron was carried to some extent, English author who wrote at the period to which on other parts of the continent, is implied in the we are now referring, says the colonists made much remark of the New England man, "we have not of their own clothing, because what raw produce yet got into the way of making enough for our own they sold in the West Indies and in Europe, was supply." not sufficient to procure them all the manufactures they needed. That they had at this time carried some branches of manufacturing to a considerable extent, we have incidental proof in a law passed by parliament in 1699, intended principally to restrict the commerce of Ireland, but the provisions of which were extended so as to include that of America. "Complaints," says a historian, "being still loud concerning the wool and woollen manufactures of Ireland exported into foreign parts; and that even those of our North American plantations began to be likewise exported to foreign markets, formerly supplied by England," a law was passed by which it was declared, "no wool, nor manufactures of wool shall be exported from Ireland to any port of the world but to England, under forfeiture of ships and cargoes, and also of five hundred pounds penalty. The like forfeitures are hereby inflicted on such as shall export in ships, or shall carry by horses, into any other place or colony out of the king's dominions, any wool or woollens of the English plantations in America." It is not likely that the Americans could have 66 The policy which this New Englandman delineated, the British government was not indisposed to observe: and in 1719, a bill was brought into parlia ment to extend the bounty granted on tar and pitch, and ship-timber, to all sorts of timber imported from the colonies: but this bill had in it a clause, "that none in the plantations should manufacture iron wares of any kind whatever, out of any sows, pigs, or bars whatsoever;" to which the House of Peers added a provision, that no forge, going by water or other work whatsoever, should be erected in any of the said plantations, for the making, working, or converting of any sows, pigs, or cast iron, into bar or rod iron." By the first clause," says a writer who took the side of the colonists, "no smith in the plantations might make so much as a bolt, spike, or nail; whereby the colonies must have been brought into a miserable condition, the smith being, above all other trades, absolutely necessary there. Amongst the rest, that of shipbuilding would have hereby been utterly destroyed, although by that article they make a great part of their returns for the purchase of British manufactures." "The second clause," says the same au 66 |