Glaize and the Miami. Before striking the decisive blow, however, impelled by his natural humanity, the general determined to make one more and last effort to avert the effusion of blood. Should that effort be as the rest had been, fruitless, he said, in a letter to General Knox," their blood must be upon their own heads. America shall no longer be insulted with impunity. To an all-powerful and just God I therefore commit myself and gallant army.” Confidently relying on their own strength, the savages resolved to try the chances of battle. It almost immediately followed. The engagement occurred on the 20th of August 1794, on the banks of the Miami, at the foot of the rapids.

At eight o'clock in the morning, the army advanced in columns, the legion on the right flank, covered by the river, a brigade of mounted volunteers on the left, under the orders of General Todd, and another in the rear under General Barbee; and a select batallion of the same volunteers moved in front of the legion, commanded by Major Price, and advanced sufficiently far to give timely notice to the main body of the attack of the enemy. After marching about five miles, this corps received so severe a fire from the enemy, secreted in the wood, that it was forced to retreat.

The legion was immediately formed, partly in two, and partly in three lines, in a close thick wood, which extended for miles. It was soon evident that the enemy were in full force in front, and were endeavouring to turn the left flank of Wayne's army. The mounted volunteers were, therefore, ordered to gain and turn the enemy's right flank, by a circuitous rout; and the second line was ordered to advance and support the first. The front line itself was directed to push on, with trailed arms, and expel the Indians from their coverts, at the point of the bayonet, at the same time that an attempt was made upon their left flank, next the river, with the legionary cavalry. All these different orders were obeyed with the greatest alacrity and spirit; but such was the impetuosity of the charge by the front line, that though the others made all the expedition possible, they hardly came in time to participate in the battle. The front line actually drove the enemy, though double their numbers, through the woods, for a distance of two miles. Full two thousand of the Indians and their auxiliaries were in the engagement; while on the American side, those actually engaged did not exceed nine hundred. The savages and their allies abandoned the field, and dispersed themselves with the utmost terror and dismay; all this occurred in sight of the very British garrison, under the protection of whose guns they vainly thought they could insult the American eagle with impunity.

The loss of the enemy was more than double that of the federal army. The woods were strewed to a considerable distance with the dead bodies of the Indians and their white auxiliaries, who were armed with British muskets and bayonets. The army remained in its position three days and nights, destroying the houses and corn-fields,

within pistol-shot of the English fortress, the garrison of which was forced to remain quiet spectators of the conflagration, though among the houses burnt, was one with the stores and property of Col. M'Kee the British Indian Agent, who had been the principal instigator of the war between the United States and the savages.

The loss that General Wayne sustained, in both killed and wounded, was but one hundred and seven men. A spirited correspondence ensued between him and the commander of the British fort, and the general was exceedingly anxious that the result should be such as would justify to the whole world the capture of the fort, which he was ready, in a moment, to undertake; but the English colonel, from the specimen he had witnessed of the prow ess of the American arms, was particularly cau tious how he conducted himself at that time, both in word and deed; and Wayne was therefore forced to content himself with the destruction we have referred to of the savage property, under their very guns, and in a way to show that the savages could derive no protection from them. After effectually strengthening Fort Defiance, the army took up its line of march, and on the 17th of September, having arrived at the Miami villages, shortly after went into winter-quarters at Greenville.

The most decisive and happy effects were speedily produced by this victory. The proud and uncompromising spirit we before alluded to, and which rejected every offer of accommodation, was completely humbled. The superiority of the American arms was made manifest, and the savage warriors came forward and sued submissively for peace. On the 1st of January 1795, preliminary articles were entered into, and hostages were left with the general, for the purpose of procuring the safe return of such as were prisoners with the Indians. But the good effects of this important victory were not confined to the immediate benefits which it imparted to the inhabitants of the western frontiers. It is known that the voice of faction reached such a height as to embitter even the administration of the father of his country; the disastrous defeats of the generals before mentioned, had given some handle to his enemies for the opposition which they were waging against him. The impunity which had attended the ravages of the Indians on the Ohio, had almost kindled into a flame the sparks of hostility among the tribes of the Six Nations, and also the southern tribes bordering on Georgia. By the glorious result of Wayne's campaigns, all were happily settled; the voice of faction was stilled; the gathering hostility of the Indian tribes referred to was crushed in the bud. Mr. Jay was, at that time, in the act of negotiation with the British government; the news passed the Atlantic, and contributed materially to the termination of his treaty.

The president immediately issued a commission appointing the general sole commissioner, with full power to negotiate treaties with all the Indians north and west of the Ohio. In the negotiations entered

into in pursuance of this authority, General Wayne was called upon to exhibit new qualifications. The

characteristics of the statesman were now demanded, and Wayne displayed all the highest requisites of the negotiator. Calm and determined, ingenuous, frank and open, he explained, enforced and main tained the views of his own government, and while he fully impressed the Indians with the fact that the United States were perfectly prepared for war, yet he assured them that they earnestly desired peace on equitable terms. He fully succeeded; and it is said that, at the close of the negotiation, those "proud and fierce sons of the forest cherished a respect for the American commissioner in council, as sincere as the dread they entertained of the general in the field." The definitive treaty of peace was signed on the 3d of August 1795, and the parties separated mutually satisfied and pleased: A restoration of prisoners took place, which was the source of great gratification.

This treaty met the entire concurrence and approbation of the general's own government. It and the previous victory were hailed with universal joy by the whole country. The name of Wayne was in every mouth, and coupled with expressions of the most heart-felt gratitude. Congress adopted, unanimously, resolutions in the highest degree complimentary to the commander and his gallant army; and President Washington personally conveyed to him the sentiments of his warmest esteem and approbation.

Peace being thus proclaimed, the general returned to visit his family and friends, after an absence of several years, passed in unremitted labour and exertion. On the 7th of February 1796, he entered Philadelphia, under circumstances that gave to his arrival all the marks of a public triumph. The shops of the city were closed; the bells sounded forth the notes of welcome; the military companies of the place and its neighbourhood turned out to greet him, and he was received, universally, with the hearty congratulations of his fellow-citizens of every description.

While all things wore this appearance of triumph and rejoicing, circumstances occurred in the West to throw a damp, for a time, upon the general joy. The British treaty was received by no means with universal approval. A strong party was enlisted against its ratification; many supposed that war would again ensue. Emissaries from Canada were at work among the Indians, and additional apprehension was excited by the conduct of the Spanish Governor of Louisiana. By Jay's treaty, the British posts at Detroit, Michilimackinac, Oswego and Niagara, were to be surrendered immediately to the United States, and it was necessary to appoint a commissioner to superintend the delivery; one in whom the government had full confidence. Under these circumstances, then, General Wayne was directed to return to the western country; and he was clothed by the executive with extensive discretionary powers. When he arrived at the place of his destination, he was received by the savages with the greatest pleasure and respect, and by his presence, and the arrest of some emisVOL. XVIII.-PART II.—4 H (†)

saries, which he very soon took measures to direct, order and tranquillity were happily preserved.

Fortunately for the good and peace of the United States, congress ratified the treaty with Great Britain, and voted the appropriation to carry it into effect: and the surrender of the posts into the hands of General Wayne completed the settlement of the difficulties which the government laboured under in that quarter. The territory north and west of the Ohio, which had been the scene of so much commotion and bloodshed, forms now one of the most beautiful and peaceful spots of the mighty empire of the federal union. It is part of the great valley of the Mississippi, whose resources, magnificent as they have appeared, are but partially developed. The astonishing increase of that section of country is well known, and has set at defiance all known rules of progression in population. In 1790 it contained only 3000 white inhabitants; in the year 1800 the number had risen to 50,000; in 1810 to 250,000; and now millions dwell on its bosom.

On

Having placed matters upon the best possible footing, and done all that the exigencies of the case demanded, in the month of November General Wayne sailed from Detroit for Presque Isle, which was the last post within his circuit of duty, previously to his return to the seat of government. This, most unexpectedly to himself and his friends, was the last journey on earth that he undertook. his passage, he was seized with an attack of the gout, upon the 17th of November, the day before he landed. It continued with considerable violence until the 30th, when it apparently subsided, but in a few days returned with increased force, and on the 15th of December 1796, terminated the life of one of the greatest and best amongst American soldiers and patriots.

He died in the vigor of his life, and in the midst of his usefulness. He was sixteen days less than 52 years of age at the time of his decease, and just at that period of life when experience, the gift of mature years, would have proved a powerful addition to a character in every respect most estimable. His remains were temporarily deposited at the place where he died, and were removed thence, in the year 1809, by his son, to the cemetry of St. David's Church, near Waynesborough farm, in the county of Chester, Pennsylvania, where he had been born, and where for many years of his life he had · peacefully resided. A handsome monument was reared to his memory by the Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincinnati, with the following inscription:In honour of the distinguished Military Services of Major-General ANTHONY WAYNE,

And as an affectionate tribute of respect
to his memory,

This stone was erected by his
Companions in arms,

The Pennsylvania State Society of
The Cincinnati,
July 4th, A.D. 1809,

Thirty-fourth Anniversary of

The Independence of

The United States of America;
An event which constitutes
The most

Appropriate eulogium of an
American

Soldier and Patriot.

The character of Anthony Wayne, as a soldier and a general, stands forth in such bold relief from the pages of his history, that probably a statement of his peculiar merits in those particulars may be considered superfluous repetitions. To say that he was bold, ardent, undaunted and persevering in the onset of battle, and extremely cautious and skilful in his previous preparations, is but to narrate what the reader has seen exhibited in every instance of his active military career. These are qualities which are not always found united in the same individual; on the contrary, the majority of those who are the bravest and the most impetuous in the fight, are generally the least qualified for the cool and calm reflections which are the parent of cautious preparation; and the head that can the best plan, is not always accompanied with either the stoutest heart or the steadiest hand. The whole of General Wayne's military life is an evidence of his being an exception to the truth of this remark.

To say that he was brave, is perhaps to add nothing to a soldier's reputation; but Wayne's courage was not merely an indifference to personal safety, or a disregard of personal comfort, but it was a bravery, or rather a moral magnanimity, which circumstances could not appal or daunt; and which, happily, in his case, was conjoined with an intelligence and ingenuity, that enabled him to surmount what, to a less hardy spirit, would have appeared impracticable. But the ordinary and usual merits of a commander were possessed by General Wayne in company with other and rarer attachments. His early education had fortunately made him a practical man. He was a mathematician, and knew how to apply that useful science to the necessary business of life. What his science suggested as advantageous, and what his head had planned, he could, with his own hand, practically perform; and there were many occasions in the course of his command when he was called upon to put these acquirements in use. The tactics of war were perfectly familiar to him. He was a thorough disciplinarian and tactician; and he could personally attend to the drilling of his troops as well as to their disposition on the eve of battle. The duties of the corporal and the sergeant, in the vicissitudes of war, were as often performed by him as those of the commanding general.

charm to social intercourse, and without which the grandest qualifications appear rough and repulsive, Wayne was eminently conspicuous. His polished manners and his courteous conduct qualified him to shine in society, and procured him everywhere friends; while his affectionate disposition and warm feelings made him fondly attached to and beloved by his friends. The imperious calls of duty frequently separated him from those in whose society he took the highest and the purest pleasure; and to show that absence had no effect in weakening the strength of his domestic attachments, we shall extract a part of a letter to his daughter Mrs. Atlee. "You were both (meaning his only son and daughter) infants, when I was first called upon by my country to defend her rights and liberties; in which hazardous task I spent my prime of life, nor was I sparing of my blood. At the close of the late war, from the vicissitudes of fortune we were again separated, and at a period when fortune, tired of her persecution, began to smile upon me, and promised ease and retirement, I was again called forth to form and lead her legion, which had yet to learn the dreadful trade of death, against a victorious and insulting savage foe.

"From these causes have we been separated from each other, and from these causes has an affection. ate and an indulgent parent been lost, and almost a stranger, to his children and family.”

General Eaton, who was a captain under the orders of Wayne, in the campaign against the Indians, and who so distinguished himself in Africa, has recorded the following character of his general. "He is firm in constitution as in resolution; industrious, indefatigable, determined and persevering; fixed in opinion and unbiassed in judgment; not over accessible, but studious to reward merit. He is a rock against which the waves of calumny and malice, moved by the gusts of passion natural to envy, have dashed; have washed its sides; he is still immovable on its base. He is, in some degree, susceptible of adulation, as is every man who has an honest thirst for military fame. He endures fatigue and hardship with a fortitude uncommon for a man of his years. I have seen him, in the most severe night of the winter of 1794, sleep on the ground like his fellow soldiers, and walk around the camp at four in the morning, with the vigilance of a sentinel."

The pen of an acquaintance thus describes his personal appearance. "He was above what is commonly termed "the middle stature, and well proportioned. His hair was dark; his forehead was high and handsomely formed; his eyes were dark hazle, intelligent, quick and penetrating; his nose inclined to the acquiline, the remainder of his face was well proportioned, and his whole countenance fine and animated."

The same writer remarks, "The natural disposition of Mr. Wayne was very amiable; he was ardent and sincere in his attachments, his morals were chaste, and his manners refined."

WHARTON.

WAYNE, northeastern county of Pennsylvania, bounded S. E. and S. by Pike county; S. W. by Luzerne; W. by Susquehanna; N. by Broome county, state of New York; and by Delaware river separating it from Delaware county, New York, N.E. The greatest length of Wayne county Pennsylvania, is along its western border 54 miles, in common with Luzerne and Susquehanna counties, mean breadth 12, and area 648 square miles; extending in Lat. from 41° 13′ to 42° N., and' in Long. from 1° 30' to 1° 58′ E. from W. C. The general declivity is eastward towards Delaware river. The southern and central sections, embracing full twothirds of the whole area, are drained by the various creeks of Lackawaxen river. The western border along the Lackawannox mountain gives source to the higher sources of Lackawannox river flowing southwestwardly into Susquehanna river in Wioming valley, and to the Starucco creek flowing northwestwardly in the Susquehanna at the head of the Great Bend. The northeastern part is drained into the Delaware by numerous short creeks above the Lackawaxen river. The surface is either mountainous or hilly, with, however, much excellent soil. Though bordering on the Delaware river, Wayne county is comparatively a new settlement. In 1820 it contained but 4127, but in 1830 the population had risen to 7674, having gained 86 per cent in 10 years. For the causes of such prosperity, see Lackawaxen, Honesdale, and Carbondale. Chief towns, Bethany, seat of justice, Honesdale, Damascus, and Stockport.

WAYNE, county of North Carolina, bounded E. by Pitt; S.E. by Lenoir; S. by Duplin; S. W. by Sampson; W. by Johnson; N. by Nash; and N.E. by Contentny creek separating it from Edgecombe. Length 36, mean breadth 20, and area 720 square miles; extending in Lat. from 35° 12' to 35° 41' N. and in Long. from 0° 51′ to 1° 21′ W. from W. C. Wayne county of North Carolina is entirely in the valley of Neuse river. Declivity S.E. by E. The main stream of Neuse enters from Johnson county, and passing Waynesborough, divides Wayne county into two unequal sections. Population in 1820, 9040, in 1830, 10,331. Chief town, Waynesborough. By the post-office list of 1831, this county contained post-offices at Nahunta, Springbank and Waynesborough.

WAYNE, county of Georgia, bounded by Glynn E., Camden and Ware S. W., Appling N.W. and Alatamaha river separating it from M'Intosh N. Length 45 miles, mean breadth 16, and area 720 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 31° 7' to 31° 44' N., and in Long. from 4° 44′ to 5° 18' W. from W. C. Declivity southeastward, in the direction of the courses of Alatamaha and Santilla rivers. The latter stream traverses the south western parts of the county. Surface generally low, flat and in part marshy. Chief town Waynesville. Population in 1820, 1010, and in 1830, 963. WAYNE, county of the state of Mississippi, bounded by Greene S., Perry S. W., Jones W., the Choctaw country N., and Washington county of Alabama E. Length 32, mean breadth 28, and area 896 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 31° VOL. XVIII.-PART II.

26' to 31° 53' N., and in Long. from 11° 37' to 12° 5' W. from W. C. This county declines to the southward, and is drained in that direction by the Chickasaw hay river. The general surface pine forest, moderately hilly, with sterile soil. Chief town Winchester. Population in 1820, 3323, and in 1830, 2781.

WAYNE, county of Tennessee, bounded W. by Hardin, N. by Perry, N.E. by Hickman, E. by Lawrence and S. by Lauderdale county Alabama. Length 24, mean breadth 21, and area 504 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 35° to 35° 20′ and traversed by the 11th degree of Long. W. from W. C. Tennessee river sweeps in a semicircle round Wayne, and touching it on the northwestern angle, receive from its creeks like radii from a common centre. The surface hilly and soil good. Population in 1820, 2459, in 1830, 6015. Chief town Waynesborough. By the post-list of 1830 there were offices in this county at Carrollville and Waynesborough.

WAYNE, county of Kentucky, bounded by Cumberland county, same state, W., Cumberland river separating it from Russell N. W., and Pulaski N., Whitley E., Morgan county in Tennessee S. Length 40, mean breadth 22, and area 880 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 36° 36′ to 37° N., and in Long. from 7° 16' to 8° W. from W. C. Declivity a little W of N. towards Cumberland river, and drained in that direction by the south fork of the Cumberland and some other streams. Chief town Monticello. Population in 1820, 7951, in 1830, 8731. By the post-office list of 1831, there were post-offices at Berry's, Millsprings and Monticello.

WAYNE, county of Ohio, bounded E. by Stark, S. by Holmes, W. by Richland, N. W. by Lorain, and N.E. by Medina. Length from E. to W. 30 miles; breadth 24, and area 720 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 41° 40' to 42° N., and in Long. from 4° 42' to 5° 15′ W. from W. C.

This county occupies a part of the table land of the state of Ohio, though the far greater part of the surface inclines to the southward, and is drained by the sources of the Muddy Fork of Mohiccon, Killbuck, and Sugar creeks, tributaries of Muskingum. The surface is rather level than hilly or rolling. Soil, similar to other parts of the Ohio table land, is generally fertile.

Wooster, a post town and the seat of justice of this county, is by post road 347 miles N. W. by W. from W. C., and 86 miles N.E. from Columbus. It is situated towards the head of Killbuck creek, at N. Lat. 40° 48′ and Long. 4° W. from W. C.

WAYNE, county of Michigan, bounded S. and S. W. by Monroe, W. by Washtenaw, N.E. by Macomb and the western part of St Clair river, and E. and S.E. by Detroit river. Greatest length along the northern boundary 38 miles, mean breadth 20, and area 760 square miles. Extending in Lat. from 42° 07' to 42° 26', and in Long. from 5° 48′ to 6° 30' W. from W. C.

This fine county slopes southeastwardly towards Lake Erie and Detroit river, and is drained in that 4 I*