above. There are five arcades fronting down the river, and three across it, and the water runs below it. The library is three stories high, and is like a church within, with two galleries supported by col. umns. It contains besides the books two large globes, a bronze bust of Heidegger upon a marble pyramid, and several Roman monuments, some of which were found at Kloffen. In the apartments above is a small collection of minerals, and in one apartment is a marble bust of Lavater and one of Gesner, and an alto-relievo of Bodmer, with some other busts of eminent men, and paintings of many of the burgomasters. The Cassino is a very neat building of one storey, with a portal and six fluted Tuscan columns. The church of Notre Dame has a neat spire, but is in no other respect deserving of notice. The church of St. Pierre has a square tower and pyramid, and contains besides the pulpit a monumental inscription in honour of Lavater. There is a small green island at the mouth of the lake, belonging to the town; and a little below it, a prison, rising out of the water, and which is used for confining criminals condemned to death. Below the lower bridge, there are a number of warehouses, built in the very middle of the river; and farther down are the mills for grinding corn, already mentioned. From these mills to the southwest bank, there is a wooden bridge, through which the water rushes with great velocity. In the middle of both the upper and the lower bridges, a wheel is placed, for the purpose of raising water. There are at Zurich twenty schools and literary establishments. The chief of these are the Collegium Carolinum, a military and a medical seminary, with two schools. Philosophy, divinity, and classics are taught in the college. A society of physics, œconomics, and natural history has been established. Cotton works to a considerable extent have been established. The new promenade on the north-east side of the town is very elegant, with a bosquet at its farther extremity, from which there is a fine view of the lake, whose banks are covered with villages and country houses. On the south side the ground is gently undulating, and behind it is a high wooden ridge. From the north side the banks rise into a fine height, and are covered with numerous vineyards, while the snowy Alps rise majestically in the distance. The view of the town and the lake from this spot is truly enchanting. The promenade of Lindenhoff is ornamented with large trees, and furnished with seats on an elevated spot on the south bank of the river, a little below the lower bridge. The principal promenade, however, extends from the Maison des Orphelins, along the banks of the Limmat, to its junction with the Sihl, and then turns up the right bank of the latter river. A fine monument is erected here to the memory of Solomon Gesner. It consists of a square pyramid of marble, surmounted with a white marble urn; on one side is a bronze bust of him, and the date of his birth and death, and on the other is a long German inscription. At the south-east end of the promenade is the tirage, or place for shooting, with a number of small houses for that purpose. The walks which surround Zurich are very handsome, and the fine green mounds along their summits are extremely beautiful. A stream from the lake runs around them on the south, and joins the Limmat on the Sihl. The canal enters the river at the mill. The lake of Zurich is about thirty miles long, and is divided into the upper and lower lake by the strait of Rapperschwyl, where it is crossed by a wooden bridge a little more than a quarter of a mile long. The greatest breadth of the lake is about five miles. The upper lake freezes in winter, but the lower lake is frozen only in severe seasons. The scenery on its banks is remarkably beautiful. The inhabitants, who are almost all Calvinists, amount to about 11,000. East Long. 8° 31′ 30'. North Lat. 47° 22′ 33′′. ZURICH MACHINE. See HYDRODYNAMICS. Fig. 1. Represents the Air Thermometer of Sanc- Fig. 1, 2. Contain an Isometrical view of the Plantorius and Drebbel. Fig. 2. Boyle's improvement upon it. Fig. 3. Referred to by mistake. ing Engine. Fig. 1-5. Represent the Tunnel across the Thames, and Mr. Brunel's method of excavating it. Fig. 4. Mercurial Thermometer. Fig. 5, 6. Breguet's Metallic Thermometer. PLATE DXXVII. Fig. 8-11. Show the method of blowing the bulbs of Thermometers. Fig. 12. Represents the Rev. Mr. Wollaston's Fig. 13. Lord Charles Cavendish's Self-Registering rature. Fig. 15. Mr Forbes's maximum and minimum Fig. 16. Six's Self-registering Thermometer. PLATE DXXV. Fig 1, 2. Dr. Rutherford's Self-registering Ther mometer. Fig. 3. Dr. Trail's Self-registering Thermometer. Fig. 5, 6. Mr. Blackadder's Registering Thermom eter. Fig. 7, 8. Show the Differential thermometer of 7. Is a sketch of professor Hansteen's instrument for determining the Magnetic Intensity. PLATES DXXX, DXXXI, DXXXII. illustrative of the article Veterinary Medicine, and are minutely explained in pages 212, 213 of this volume. TO ARTICLE UNITED STATES. Summary Tables of the Population of the United States, agreeably to the Census of 1830. 23,737 19,438 17,886 33,143 26,390 22,527 t. Dist. of Louisiana 2,961 2,227 42,729 26,595 15,568 5,209 10,404| ine w Hampshire ssachusetts ode Island necticut 'mont rth. Dist. of N. York th. Dist. of N. York S w Jersey stern Dist. of Penn. 2 stern Dist. of Penn. S aware ryland stern Dist. of Virg. stern Dist. of Virg. rth Carolina th Carolina orgia rth. Dist. of Alaba. 9872 80 241 85 4 173 28 81 5 34,053 28,742 25,522 22,400 34,985 21,701 14,547 9,228 5,956 2,637 53 10,405| 7,051 5,203 2,203 618 48 3 49,689 29,278 17,199 7,047 1,753 39,537 33,699 29,965 27,672 51,668 33,305 19,182 11,225 25,071 21,204 19,745 17,123 27,001 17,231 11,043 7,053 60,917 50,357 44,956 41,345 68,421 56,936 45,842 37,419 31,768 52,938 4,744 4,099 3,919 6,565 8,334 5,644 9,542 4,458 2,516 1,473 3,028 2,107 mois ssouri 5,639 11,147 7,084 1,172 384 240 60 14 138 29 49 13 6 4 2 972,980 782,075 669,734 573,196 956,487 592,535 367,840 229,284 135,082 57,772 15,806 2,041 301 2,739 1,232 2,835 1,820 876 475 428 190 664 489 218 80 72 39 952 8251 45 1 Total of the U. States STATES. 17,429 12,000 9,246 Maine 174 347 74 19 364 6 4 32,471 27,676 24,067 22,348 35,596 22,259 14,183 9,330 5,904 2,683 911 138 ∞ 95 63 2 130 12 48 14 62 14 5,315 2,195 575 97 14 89 25 1,499 921,934 750,741 638,856 596,254918,411 555,531 356,046 223,504 131,307 58,336 17,434 2,523 238 |