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above. There are five arcades fronting down the river, and three across it, and the water runs below it. The library is three stories high, and is like a church within, with two galleries supported by col. umns. It contains besides the books two large globes, a bronze bust of Heidegger upon a marble pyramid, and several Roman monuments, some of which were found at Kloffen. In the apartments above is a small collection of minerals, and in one apartment is a marble bust of Lavater and one of Gesner, and an alto-relievo of Bodmer, with some other busts of eminent men, and paintings of many of the burgomasters.

The Cassino is a very neat building of one storey, with a portal and six fluted Tuscan columns.

The church of Notre Dame has a neat spire, but is in no other respect deserving of notice. The church of St. Pierre has a square tower and pyramid, and contains besides the pulpit a monumental inscription in honour of Lavater.

There is a small green island at the mouth of the lake, belonging to the town; and a little below it, a prison, rising out of the water, and which is used for confining criminals condemned to death.

Below the lower bridge, there are a number of warehouses, built in the very middle of the river; and farther down are the mills for grinding corn, already mentioned. From these mills to the southwest bank, there is a wooden bridge, through which the water rushes with great velocity. In the middle of both the upper and the lower bridges, a wheel is placed, for the purpose of raising water.

There are at Zurich twenty schools and literary establishments. The chief of these are the Collegium Carolinum, a military and a medical seminary, with two schools. Philosophy, divinity, and classics are taught in the college. A society of physics, œconomics, and natural history has been established. Cotton works to a considerable extent have been established.

The new promenade on the north-east side of the town is very elegant, with a bosquet at its farther extremity, from which there is a fine view of the lake,

whose banks are covered with villages and country houses. On the south side the ground is gently undulating, and behind it is a high wooden ridge. From the north side the banks rise into a fine height, and are covered with numerous vineyards, while the snowy Alps rise majestically in the distance. The view of the town and the lake from this spot is truly enchanting.

The promenade of Lindenhoff is ornamented with large trees, and furnished with seats on an elevated spot on the south bank of the river, a little below the lower bridge.

The principal promenade, however, extends from the Maison des Orphelins, along the banks of the Limmat, to its junction with the Sihl, and then turns up the right bank of the latter river. A fine monument is erected here to the memory of Solomon Gesner. It consists of a square pyramid of marble, surmounted with a white marble urn; on one side is a bronze bust of him, and the date of his birth and death, and on the other is a long German inscription. At the south-east end of the promenade is the tirage, or place for shooting, with a number of small houses for that purpose.

The walks which surround Zurich are very handsome, and the fine green mounds along their summits are extremely beautiful. A stream from the lake runs around them on the south, and joins the Limmat on the Sihl. The canal enters the river at the mill.

The lake of Zurich is about thirty miles long, and is divided into the upper and lower lake by the strait of Rapperschwyl, where it is crossed by a wooden bridge a little more than a quarter of a mile long. The greatest breadth of the lake is about five miles. The upper lake freezes in winter, but the lower lake is frozen only in severe seasons. The scenery on its banks is remarkably beautiful.

The inhabitants, who are almost all Calvinists, amount to about 11,000. East Long. 8° 31′ 30'. North Lat. 47° 22′ 33′′.

ZURICH MACHINE. See HYDRODYNAMICS.

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Fig. 1. Represents the Air Thermometer of Sanc- Fig. 1, 2. Contain an Isometrical view of the Plantorius and Drebbel.

Fig. 2. Boyle's improvement upon it.

Fig. 3. Referred to by mistake.

ing Engine.

Fig. 1-5. Represent the Tunnel across the Thames, and Mr. Brunel's method of excavating it.

Fig. 4. Mercurial Thermometer.

Fig. 5, 6. Breguet's Metallic Thermometer.
Fig. 7. Breguet's Spiral Thermometer.

PLATE DXXVII.

Fig. 8-11. Show the method of blowing the bulbs

of Thermometers.

Fig. 12. Represents the Rev. Mr. Wollaston's
Thermometrical Barometer.

Fig. 13. Lord Charles Cavendish's Self-Registering
Thermometer for the maximum temperature.
Fig. 14. His instrument for the minimum tempe-

rature.

Fig. 15. Mr Forbes's maximum and minimum
Self-registering Thermometer.

Fig. 16. Six's Self-registering Thermometer.

PLATE DXXV.

Fig 1, 2. Dr. Rutherford's Self-registering Ther

mometer.

Fig. 3. Dr. Trail's Self-registering Thermometer.
Fig. 4. Mr. Keith of Ravelstone's Registering
Thermometer.

Fig. 5, 6. Mr. Blackadder's Registering Thermom

eter.

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Fig. 7, 8. Show the Differential thermometer of
Sturmius revived by Rumford and Leslie.
Fig. 9. Is Baron Fourier's Thermometer of Contact.
Fig. 10. Represents Kewley's balance Thermometer.
Fig. 11. Represents the Horary Thermometric curve Are
of 1824 and 1825 as deduced by Dr. Brew-
ster from the Leith hourly Observations.

7. Is a sketch of professor Hansteen's instrument for determining the Magnetic Intensity.

PLATES DXXX, DXXXI, DXXXII.

illustrative of the article Veterinary Medicine, and are minutely explained in pages 212, 213 of this volume.

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TO ARTICLE UNITED STATES.

Summary Tables of the Population of the United States, agreeably to the Census of 1830.

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23,737 19,438 17,886

33,143 26,390 22,527

t. Dist. of Louisiana
st. Dist. of Louisiana S

2,961 2,227

42,729 26,595 15,568
32,443 20,005 12,464|
3,184 5,508 3,206 2,036 1,286
15,778 29,397 18,215 11,072
19,801 33,260 20,892 13,462 8,786
32,650 25,415 20,760 17,146 27,651 15,647 9,919 6,475
46,749 35,950 30,527 25,452 39,428 23,042 14,998 10,536
25,132 20,259 16,497 13,961 22,164 13,969
33,027 23,709 18,584 15,186 26,844 16,156
9,459 6,727 5,221 4,300 7,036
13,305 8,755 6,908
7,918 5,572 4,591
5,007 4,175
3, 350
1,784

5,209 10,404|

ine

w Hampshire ssachusetts

ode Island necticut

'mont

rth. Dist. of N. York

th. Dist. of N. York S w Jersey

stern Dist. of Penn. 2 stern Dist. of Penn. S

aware

ryland

stern Dist. of Virg.

stern Dist. of Virg.

rth Carolina

th Carolina orgia

rth. Dist. of Alaba.
th. Dist. of Alaba. S
ssissippi

9872 80

241

85 4

173

28

81 5

34,053 28,742 25,522 22,400 34,985 21,701 14,547 9,228 5,956 2,637
823 93 2
19,428 17,521 16,737 14,847 21,191 14,696 10,772 7,218 5,059 2,786 840
40,644 35,988 34,679 32,801 58,621 35,433 23,683 15,008 10,319 5,575 1,760
6,733 5,786 5,400 5,354 8,425 5,379 3,512 2,157 1,444 854 261
19,033 17,891 17,788 16,509 26,166 16,608 11,595 7,851
871
5,495 3,154
21,700 19,406 17,597 15,782| 24,207| 15,773
118,540 103,372 88,558 74,040 125,086 79,831

53

10,405| 7,051 5,203 2,203 618 48 3 49,689 29,278 17,199 7,047 1,753 39,537 33,699 29,965 27,672 51,668 33,305 19,182 11,225 25,071 21,204 19,745 17,123 27,001 17,231 11,043 7,053 60,917 50,357 44,956 41,345 68,421 56,936 45,842 37,419 31,768 52,938 4,744 4,099 3,919

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1,473 3,028 2,107
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19,612 14,726 11,790
9,581 14,085 7,765 4,733 3,727 2,002 877
39,964 30,640 24,254 19,666 30,897 17,346 10,375
54,116 41,073 34,222 29,017 45,913 26,289 15,966
96,411 74,690 62,151 51,138 81,290 49,346 31,112
39,780 28,692 22,872 17,653 28,153 17,904

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Total of the U. States

STATES.

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17,429 12,000 9,246
12,561 9,077 6,794

Maine

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32,471 27,676 24,067 22,348 35,596 22,259 14,183 9,330 5,904 2,683 911 138
18,538 16,790 15,525 14,823 24,564 16,690 11,896 8,448 5,888 3,110 1,085
39,533 34,537 33,326 34,439 60,495 38,163 26,684 18,456 12,989 7,173 2,528
6,623 5,642 5,213 5,584 9,203 5,756 4,024 2,826 1,939 1,058 376 44
18,270 16,943 16,575 15,978 26,540 17,937 13,214 9,245 6,707 3,760 1,228 156 3
21,334 18,632 16,870 15,753 25,180 16,264 11,034 7,152 4,727 2,086 652 87 41
113,807 100,147 85,608 75,001 117,190 72,696 45,213 26,682 15,451 6,356 1,713 201 13
38,061 32,937 29,558 30,195 51,707 31,826 19,102 11,662 7,138 3,289 960 103 4
23,937 20,479 18,267 16,784 25,817 16,623 11,007 7,307 4,705 2,160 586
58,038 48,411 43,612 43,598 67,050 40,870 26,277 16,623 9,780 4,287 1,147
53,909 44,308 36,475 32,378 48,848 28,734 18,208 11,259 6,441 2,797 782
4,647 4,011 3,654 3,381 5,484 3,179 2,047 1,397 630 263
22,356 18,693 17,327 18,020 27,248 16,617 10,840
31,391 25,373 22,361 22,438 35,287 21,483 14,049
31,020 24,591 19,575 18,041 26,757 14,973 9,701
43,775 34,264 28,842 27,398 41,636 24,534 16,428 10,601
23,691 19,043 15,632 15,122 21,866 13,438 8,468 5,455
30,958 22,590 17,988 16,452 24,056 13,974 8,427 5,089
8,964 6,426 4,927 4,404 6,306 3,665 2,135
12,376 8,375 6,165
5,547 8,151 4,894 2,560|
7,319 5,165 4,169
3,653 5,231 3,090 1,739
5,000 4,045 3,407 3,151 4,693 2,929 1,603
2,800 2,148 1,733 1,558 2,237 1,275
18,114 14,019 11,045 10,086 14,746| 7,945
37,285 28,956 22,511 20,530 28,224 15,600 10,126
50,835 39,439 32,197 29,623 41,936 23,463 15,476 9,499
89,873 71,851 59,306 52,635 75,574 43,894 27,546 15,898
37,505 27,313 21,072 18,087 26,702 15,703 9,028 4,808

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