Vinculo matrimonii.

In the bond of wedlock.

Vis legibus est inimica.

Force is inimical to the laws.

Vitium clerici nocere non debet. Clerical errors ought not to prejudice.

upon "voire

Voire dire. Witnesses are sometimes examined dire" previously to their being examined in chief; this is done to ascertain whether they are interested in the cause at issue, or labor under any other incapacity which may render them incompetent to give evidence.

Volenti non fit injuria. He who consents cannot receive an injury.

Vox emissa volat, litera scripta manet. Words spoken vanish, words written remain.

36

CHIEF JUSTICES

OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES,
FROM MARCH 4TH, 1789.

John Jay, of New York, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, September 26th, 1789. Nominated 16th, and confirmed 19th of April, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Resigned as Chief Justice.

John Rutledge, of South Carolina, appointed July 1st, 1795, in recess of Senate, in place of Jay, resigned, and presided on the bench at the August term, 1795. Nominated 10th, and rejected by the Senate 15th, December, 1795.

William Cushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc., January 27th, 1796, in place of Jay. Declined the appointment. He was then an Associate Justice.

Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut.

Nomination confirmed

and appointed, etc., March 4th, 1796, in place of Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, February 27th, 1799. Presided on the bench at the August term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to France November 3d, 1799, resigning as Chief Justice.

John Jay, Governor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc., December 19th, 1800, in place of Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the appointment.

John Marshall, Secretary of State. Nomination confirmed 27th, and appointed, etc., January 31st, 1801, in place of Jay, declined. Died in 1835.

Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, etc., March 15th, 1836, in place of Marshall, deceased. Died in 1864.

Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio.

Nomination confirmed, appointed, etc., December 6th, 1864. Died in December, 1873.

Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio. Nominated January 19th, 1874, and nomination confirmed, appointed, etc., in February, 1874. Died March 23, 1888.

Melville W. Fuller, of Illinois.

Commissioned July 20th,

1888. Sworn in October 8th, 1888.