be seized. Cal., 97; Ga., 143; Ind., 170; Iowa, 183; Kan., 197; La., 233; Miss., 319; Neb., 371; Nev., 380; N. J., 412; Ohio, 433; Or., 447; R. I., 473; W. Va., 547; Wis., 560.

Every subject has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his possessions. All warrants, therefore, are contrary to this right, if the cause or foundation of them be not previously supported by oath or affirmation, and if the order in the warrant to a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or objects of search, arrest or seizure; and no warrant ought to be issued but in cases, and with the formalities prescribed by the laws. Mass., 281.

-No person shall be accused, arrested or detained, except in cases ascertained by law, and according to the form which the same has prescribed; and no person shall be punished but in virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offense, and legally applied. Miss., 335.

-That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable seizures or searches; and that no warrant shall issue to search any place, or to seize any person or thing, without describing them as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. Ala., 72; Ark., 84; Ct., 107; Del., 116; Fl, 129; Ill., 165; Me., 239; Min., 335; Mo., 347; Pa., 467; Tex., 506.

-That all warrants, without oath or affirmation, to search suspected places, or to seize any person or property, are grievous and oppressive; and all general warrants to search suspected places, or to apprehend suspected persons, without naming or describing the place, or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not to be granted. Md., 255; and that general warrants, whereby any officer may be commanded to search suspected places without evidence of the fact committed, or to seize any person or persons not named, whose offenses are not particularly described and supported by evidence, are dangerous to liberty, and shall not be granted. Ark., 84; Ill., 165; (nearly similar), N. C., 422; Va., 532; Vt., 522; Tenn., 490.

Every subject has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his possessions; Therefore, All warrants to search suspected places, or arrest a person for examination or trial, in prosecutions for criminal matters, are contrary to this right, if the cause or foundation of them be not previously supported by oath or affirmation; and if the order in a warrant to a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or object of search, arrest or seizure, and no warrant ought to be issued but in cases and with the formalities prescribed by law. N. H., 400.

MILITARY RIGHTS AND RESTRICTIONS. -The military shall in all cases and at all times be kept in strict subordination to the civil power. Ark., 85; Cal., 96; Ct., 108; Del., 117; Fl., 180; I., 166; Ind., 171; Iowa, 184; Ky., 224; Md., 255; Neb., 371; N. C., 422; Miss., 335; Or., 448; Pa., 468; W. Va., 547; Mich., 314; Min., 320; N. J., 412; R. I., 474; Nev., 380; N. H., 400; S. C., 487; Tex., 506; Wis., 561; Vt., 522.

-The law martial shall be used and exercised in such cases only as occasion shall necessarily require. R. I., 474.

That every citizen has a right to bear arms in defense of himself and the State. Ala., 74. -Every citizen has a right to keep and bear arms for the common defense; and this right shall never be questioned. Me., 240; Pa., 468.

---That no standing army shall be kept up, without the consent of the General Assembly; and in that case no appropriation for its support shall be for a longer term than one year; and that the military shall, in all cases and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power. Ala., 74.

-That the rights of the citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and the State shall not be questioned; but the General Assembly may pass laws to prevent persons from carrying concealed arms. Ky., 224.

-The people have a right to keep and to bear arms for the common defense. And as, in time of peace, armies are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be maintained without the consent of the Legislature; and the military power shall always be held in an exact subordination to the civil authority, and be governed by it. Mass., 281.

--The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. R. I., 474.

-That the free white men of this State shall have a right to keep and to bear arms for their common defense. Ark., 85; Mo., 346; Tenn., 492. --The people shall have a right to bear arms for the defense of themselves and the State. Ct., 108; Ind., 171; (of lawful authority of the State), Mo., 346; Miss., 335; Mich., 314; N. C., 422; Tex., 506; Vt., 522. -The people have the right to bear arms for their defense and security; but standing armies, in time of peace, are dangerous to liberty, and shall not be tolerated, and the military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. Kan., 197; N. C., 422; Or., 448; Ohio, 432.

That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner prescribed by law. U. S., 18; Ala., 74; Ark., 85; Cal., 96; Ct., 108; Del., 117; Fl., 130; Ill., 166; Ind., 171; Iowa, 184; Kan. 197; Ky., 224; Me., 240; Md., 255; Mass., 282; Mich., 314; Miss., 335; Nev., 380; N. H., 400; N. J., 412; Ohio, 433; Or., 448; Pa., 465; R. I., 474; Tenn. 492; Tex., 517. [By a civil magistrate]. Del.. 117; N. H., 399.

-That no citizen of this State shall be compelled to bear arms, provided he will pay an equivalent, to be ascertained by law. Tenn., 492.

-That the military is, and in all cases and at all times, ought to be, in strict subordination to the civil power; that no soldier can, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in such manner as may be prescribed by law; nor can any appropriation for the support of an army be made for a longer period than two years. Mo., 348.

-No standing army shall be kept up by this State in time of peace. Cal., 96; Del., 111; Fl., 130; Iowa, 184; Ky., 224; Me., 240.

That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised or kept up without the consent of the Legislature. Md., 255; N. H., 400; Pa., 468; Miss., 335; Va., 533; Nev., 380; Vt., 522.

-A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Ga, 142; Va., 532.

-That a well-regulated militia is the proper and natural defense of a free government. Md., 255; N. H., 400.

-That the sure and certain defense of a free people is a well-regulated militia; and, as standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to freedom, they ought to be avoided, and as the circumstances and safety of the cominunity will admit; and that in all cases the military shall be kept in strict subordination to the civil authority. Tenn., 491.

SLAVERY-RIGHTS OF COLORED PERSONS.

-Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the

United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. U. S., 20; [similar provision, with preambles and provisos, in some]. Ala., 74; Ill.; Cal. 97; Fl., 140; Ga., 143; Ill., 166; Ind., 171; Iowa, 184; Kan., 197; La., 225; Mich., 314; Md., 255; Miss., 343; Mo., 364; N. C., 431; Ohio, 413; Mo.. 346; Wis., 559; Neb., 370; Nev., 380; Tex., 518; Va., 357; R. I., 473; Tenn., 503; Min., 319; Or., 459. -The Legislature shall make no law recognizing the right of property in man. La., 225.

---No indenture of any negro or mulatto, made and executed out of the bounds of the State, shall be valid within the State. Ind., 171.

[A Constitutional guaranty of right of property in the slave and its increase, and prohibition against their emancipation.] Ky., 221.

--That no person can, on account of color, be disqualified as a witness; or be disabled to contract, otherwise than as others are disabled; or be prevented from acquiring, holding and transmitting property; or be liable to any other punishment for any offense, than that imposed upon others for a like offense; or be restricted in the exercise of religious worship; or be hindered in acquiring education; or be subjected, in law, to any other restraints or disqualifications, in regard to any personal rights, than such as are laid upon others under like circumstances. Mo., 346.

--All contracts made with any negro or mulatto coming into the State, contrary to the provision of the foregoing section, shall be void; and any person who shall employ such negro or mulatto, or otherwise encourage him to remain in the State, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dollars nor more than five hundred dollars. Ind., 180.

--Nor shall any male person arrived at the age of twenty-one years, nor female arrived at the age of eighteen years, be held to serve any person as a servant, uuder any indenture or contract hereafter made, unless such person shall enter into such indenture or contract while in a state of perfect freedom, and on condition of a bona fide consideration received or to be received for their services. Ark., 88. -Nor shall any indenture of any negro or mulatto hereafter made and executed out of this State, or if made in this State, where the term of service exceeds one year, be of the least validity, except those given in the case of apprenticeship, which shall not be for a longer term than until the apprentice shall arrive at the age of twenty-one years, if a male, or the age of eighteen years, if a female. Ark., 88. -The marriage relation between white persons and persons of African descent is forever prohibited, and such marriage shall be null and void; and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact laws for the punishment of any officer who shall knowingly issue a license for the celebration of such marriage, or any officer or minister of the gospel who shall marry such persons together. Ga., 150.

-It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, at its next session, and from time to time thereafter, to enact such laws as will protect the freedmen of this State in the full enjoyment of all their rights of person and property, and guard them against any evils that may arise from their sudden emancipation. Ala., 78.

-Be it ordained, that on and after the ratification of the Constitution, no person, save under the military arm of the Federal government, shall be permitted to bring within the limits of this State any indentured or freed negro or mulatto; nor shall any negro or mulatto not now in the State be ever permitted to reside within its limits, save by authority of the government of the United States, or under some proclamation of the President. Ark., 95.

-Africans and their descendants shall be protected in their rights of person and property by appropriate legislation; they shall have the right to contract and be contracted with; to sue and be sued; to acquire, hold and transmit property; and all criminal prosecutions against them shall be conducted in the same manner as prosecutions for like offenses against the

white race, and they shall be subject to like penalties. Tex., 518.

Áfricans and their descendants shall not be prohibited, on account of their color or race, from testifying orally, as witnesses, in any case, civil or criminal, involving the right of injury to, or crime against any of them, in person or property, under the same rules of evidence that may be applicable to the white race; the credibility of their testimony to be determined by the court or jury hearing the same; and the Legislature shall have power to authorize them to testify as witnesses in all other cases, under such regulations as may be prescribed, as to facts hereafter occurring. Tex., 518. -Any person who shall, after this Constitution shall have gone into effect, detain in slavery any person emancipated by the provisions of this Constitution, shall, on conviction, be fined not less than five hundred dollars nor more than five thousand dollars, or be imprisoned not more than five years; and any of the judges of this State shall discharge, on habeas corpus, any person so detained in slavery. Md., 266.

The General Assembly shall puss no law, nor make any appropriation to compensate the masters or claimants of slaves emancipated from servitude by the adoption of this Constitution. Md., 264. --The General Assembly shall have no power to make compensation for emancipated slaves. Mo., 354.

The General Assembly shall, at the first session under the amended Constitution, pass such laws as will effectually prohibit free persons of color from immigrating to and settling in this State; and effectually prevent the owners of slaves from bringing them into this State for the purpose of setting them free. Ill., 169.

--No negro or mulatto shall come into or settle in the State after the adoption of this Constitution. Ind., 180.

-All fines which may be collected for a violation of the provisions of this article, or any law which may hereafter be passed for the purpose of carrying the same into execution, shall be set apart and appropriated for the colonization of such negroes and mulattoes and their descendants, as may be in the State at the adoption of this Constitution, and may be willing to emigrate. Ind., 180.

--All the inhabitants of the State, without distinction of color, are free, and shall enjoy the rights of person and property, without distinction of color. F., 140.

---Persons emancipated by ordinance can not be apprenticed except in pursuance of laws. Mo., 362. -Courts of competent jurisdiction may apprentice minors of African descent on like conditions provided by law for apprenticing white children. Va., 537. --Nothing in this Constitution shall prevent the General Assembly from passing such laws in relation to the apprenticeship of minors, during their minority, as may be necessary and proper. Ill., 169. TREASON. -ATTAINDER. BANISHMENT.-CONFISCATION OF ESTATES.

-Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort. [Mo., 348.] No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the evidence of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court. U. S., 16; Ala., 73; Ark., 93; Cal., 97; Ct., 113; Del., 121; Fl., 140; Ind., 171; Iowa, 184; Kan., 197; Ky., 219; La., 233; Me., 240; Mich., 307; Miss., 342; Minn., 319; Neb., 374; Nev., 380; N. J., 412; Or., 448; Tex., 515; W. Va., 547; Wis., 560.

Treason shall be punished, according to the character of the acts committed, by the infliction of one or more of the penalties of death, imprisonment, fine, or confiscation of the real and personal property of the offender, as may be prescribed by law. W. Va., 547.

-No person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the Legislature. Ct., 108; Ky., 224; Mass., 282; Mo., 348; Pa., 465; Vt., 525.

1

3 unreasonably detained(3).

-No conviction can work corruption of blood; that there can be no forfeiture of estate for any crime, except treason; and that the estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives shall descend or vest, as in cases of natural death. Mo., 348; Tenn., 491. That no attainder shall work corruption of blood; nor, except during the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate to the Commonwealth; that the estates of such persons as shall destroy their own lives, shall descend or vest as in case of natural death; and if any person shall be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof. Pa., 468. -That the estates of suicides shall descend or vest as in cases of natural death; and if any person shall be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof. Miss., 335; Tenn., 491. -No person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the Legislature. Ct., 108; Mass., 282.

That no person shall be liable to be transported out of this State for any offense committed within the same. Ill., 166; Kan., 197; Vt., 522; Ohio, 433. -No person shall be transported out of the State for any offense committed within the same; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture of estate. Ohio, 433.

-That no conviction shall work corruption of blood, nor shall there be any forfeiture of the estate of any person for any crime, except treason, and then only on conviction. Md., 255.

-That no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate, under any law of this State. Ala., 73; Ark., 84; Fl., 129; Ga, 142; Ill., 166; Ind., 171; Kan., 197; Ky, 224; Me., 270; Mo., 348; Or., 448; Tenn., 419.

-That no law to attaint particular persons of treason or felony ought to be made in any case, or at any time hereafter. Md., 254.

-The Legislature shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. La., 233.

(1). Ala., 73; Ark., 84; Ct., 108; Fl., 129; Ind., 255; Mass., 282.

(2). Cal., 96; Del., 217; Ga., 142; Iowa, 184; Kan., 197; Me., 240; Nev., 379; Neb., 370.

(3). Fl, 129; Ind., 170; La., 233; Miss., 337; Min., 317; Mo., 347; N. C., 422; N. J., 412; Wis., 560; Va., 532; S. C., 488; N. H., 400; Pa., 468; R. I., 473; Tenn., 491; Or., 448; Ohio, 432; Tex., 506; W. Va., 547.

EXCESSIVE BAIL-PUNISHMENT FOR

CRIMES.

-That all prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient securities, unless in capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presumption great. Ala., 73; Ark., 84; Cal., 96; Ill., 166; Iowa, 184; Kan., 197; Ky., 224; Mich., 307; Ohio, 432; Pa., 468.

-That all penalties shall be reasonable, and proportioned to the nature of the offense. Ark., 84; Ind., 170; Ili., 166; La., 233; Me., 240; W. Va., 547. -The true design of all punishment being to reform, not to exterminate mankind. Ill., 166. --The penal code shall be founded on the principles of Reformation, and not of vindictive justice. Ind., 170; Or., 448.

-And all prisoners, unless in execution, or committed for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or presumption great, shall be bailable, by sufficient sureties; nor shall excessive bail be exacted for bailable offenses.

-Sanguinary laws shall not be passed. Me., 240. -That sanguinary laws ought to be avoided as far as it is consistent with the safety of the State; and no

law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought to be made in any case, or at any time hereafter. Md., 254.

-All courts shall be open, and every man for an injury done him in his reputation, person, movable or immovable possessions, shall have remedy by the due course of law [Tenn., 506], and justice administered according to the very right of the cause and the law of the land, without sale, denial, or unreasonable delay or expense; and every action shall be tried in the county in which it shall be commenced, unless when the judges of the court in which the cause is to be tried, shall determine that an impartial trial therefor cannot be had in that county. Del., 116. --No person shall be subject to corporal punishment under military law, except such as are employed in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger. Me., 240; Tenn., 491.

-All punishments ought to be proportioned to the offense. Or., 448; R. I., 473.

-No wise Legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery, and the like, which they do to those of murder and treason. Where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted against all offenses, the people are led to forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to commit the most flagrant with as little compunction as they do the lightest offenses. For the same reason a multitude of sanguinary laws is both impolitic and unjust; the true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate mankind. N. H., 400. -All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when the proof is evident, but this provision shall not be so construed as to prohibit bail after indictment found, upon an examination of the evidence by a Judge of the Supreme or District Court, upon the return of a writ of habeas corpus, returnable in the county where the offense is committed; [or to such other counties as the same may by consent of parties be made returnable]. Tex., 506.

-All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when the proof is positive or the presumption great; [Mo., 347; Miss., 335; Nev., 379; N. C, 426; Or., 447]; and when persons are confined on accusation for such offenses, their friends and counsel may at proper seasons have access to them. Del., 117.

-All prisoners shall, before conviction, be bailable, by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where the proof is evident, or the presumption great; and the privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it, nor in any case but by the Legislature. Ct., 108; substantially similar, Fl., 129; Me., 240; R. I. 473.

-All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or presumption great; or, unless after conviction for any offense or crime punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor. La., 233.

-No person, before conviction, shall be bailable for any of the crimes which now are or have been denominated capital offenses since the adoption of the Constitution, when the proof is evident or the presumption great, whatever the punishment of the crime may be. Me.,252. -No person can in any case be subjected to lawmartial, or to any penalties or pains, by virtue of that law, except those employed in the army or navy, [Vt., 522; N. H., 401], and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the Legislature. Mass., 282.

-In the construction of jails, a proper regard shall be had to the health of prisoners. Del., 117; Pa., 468.

SECOND TRIAL-RIGHT OF SPEEDY TRIAL. -That no person, after having been once acquitted by a jury, can, for the same offense, be again put in jeopardy of life or liberty; but if, in any criminal prosecution, the jury be divided in opinion, the court before which the trial shall be had may, in its discretion, discharge the jury, and commit or bail the accused for trial at the next term of said court. Mo., 347. -No

person, for the same offense, shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall a person be again put upon trial for the same offense, after a verdict of not guilty; and the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate. Tex., 506.

--No subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acquittal, for the same crime or offense. Nor shall the Legislature make any law that shall subject any person to a capital punishment (except for the government of the army and navy, and militia in actual service) without trial by jury. N. H., 399. ---That no person shall for any indictable offense, be proceeded against criminally by information; except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; or by leave of the court for oppression and misdemeanor in office. No person shall for the same offense be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall any man's property be taken, or applied to public use, without the consent of his representatives, and without just compensation being made. Pa., 467.

-No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on the presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases of impeachment, or in cases cognizable by Justices of the Peace, or arising in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; and no person for the same offense shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require. Wis., 560. -No person shall, after acquittal, be tried for the same offense. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or presumption great. N. J., 412.

--No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense, save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction, or in case of a mis-trial. Ga., 142.

-Prosecutions shall be by indictment or information. The accused shall have a speedy public trial, by an impartial jury of the parish in which the offense shall have been committed. He shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself; he shall have the right of being heard, by himself or counsel; he shall have the right of meeting the witnesses face to face, and shall have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. He shall not be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. La., 233.

--No person shall for any indictable offense be proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases arising in the land and naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger, and no person shall be for the same offense twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall any man's property be taken or applied to public use without the consent of his representatives, and without compensation being made. Del., 116.

-In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to a public trial by an impartial jury, in the county in which the offense shall have been committed; to be heard by himself and counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process

for obtaining witnesses in his favor. Ind., 170 Kan., 197.

All offenses less than felony, and in which the punishment does not exceed a fine of one hundred dollars, or imprisonment for thirty days, shall be tried summarily before a Justice of the Peace, or other officer authorized by law, on information under oath, without indictment or the intervention of a grand jury, saving to the defendant the right of appeal; and no person shall be held to answer for any higher criminal offense, unless on presentment or indictment by a grand jury, except in cases arising in the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. Iowa, 184. -All persons, for injuries suffered in person, reputation, or property, shall have remedy by due course of law, and justice administered without delay. Kan., 197; substantially the same, Me., 240. -That every man, for any injury done to him in his person or property, ought to have remedy by the course of the law of the land, and ought to have justice and right freely without sale, fully without any denial, and speedily without delay, according to the law of the land. Md., 254.

Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial; promptly, and without delay, conformably to the laws. Mass., 281.

-No person shall be debarred from prosecuting or defending any civil cause for or against him or herself before any tribunal in this State, by him or herself, or counsel or both. Miss., 335. -No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offense until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described to him; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself. And every subject shall have a right to produce all proofs that may be favorable to himself; to meet the witnesses against him face to face, and to be fully heard in his defense by himself and counsel. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled or deprived of his property, immunities or privileges, put out of the protection of the law, exiled, or deprived of his life, liberty, or estate, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land. N. H., 399.

-No man in a court of common law, shall be compelled to give evidence criminating himself. R. I, 473.

That no freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the law of the land. Fl., 129.

--That no man shall be put to answer any criminal charge, but by presentment, indictment or impeachment, except as hereinafter provided. Ark., 84. -No person shall be arrested, detained or punished, except in cases clearly warranted by law. Ct., 107. -In ali criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a right to be heard by himself and by counsel [or both. Fl]; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process to obtain witnesses in his favor; and in all prosecutions by indictment or information [or presentment. Fl.], a speedy public trial by an impartial jury [of the county or district where the offense was committed. Fl.] He shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property but by due course of law. And no person shall be holden to answer for any crime the punishment of which may be death or imprisonment for life, unless on a presentment or an indictment of a grand jury, except in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger. Ct., 107; (substantially similar), U. S., 19; Me., 239; Ohio, 432; Ark., 84; Del., 116; Ill., 166; Kan., 197; Iowa,