JOURNAL

OF

SOCIAL SCIENCE,

CONTAINING THE

TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.

NUMBER XV.

FEBRUARY, 1882.

SARATOGA PAPERS OF 1881.

PART II.

PUBLISHED FOR THE

AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION.

BY A. WILLIAMS & CO., BOSTON, AND G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, NEW YORK.

CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION.

I. This Society shall be called the AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIA

TION.

II. Its objects shall be classified in five departments; the first, of Educa- · tion; the second, of Health; the third, of Trade and Finance; the fourth, of Social Economy; the fifth, of Jurisprudence.

III. It shall be administered by a President, as many honorary VicePresidents as may be chosen, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Council, charged with general supervision: five Department Committees, established by the Council, charged with the supervision of their respective Departments; and such Local Committees as may be established by the Council at different points to serve as branch associations. The Council shall consist of the President, Treasurer, and Secretary, the Chairman and Secretary of each Department, and ten Directors, with power to fill vacancies and to make their own By-Laws. The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Chairman, and Secretaries of Departments, and Directors, shall be chosen annually by members of the Association, and shall hold office till their successors are chosen. The President, or in his absence, a Director, shall be Chairman of the Council. The Chairmen of the Local Committees shall be chosen at the pleasure of their respective committees. Whenever a Branch Association shall be organized and recognized as such by the Council, its President shall be ex-officio one of the Vice-Presidents of the American Association, and, together with the Secretary and Treasurer, shall be entitled to all the privileges of membership in that Association. And whenever a Local Department shall be organized and recognized as such by the Council, its Chairman shall become ex-officio a member of the parent Association. The Chairman and Secretary of each Department, with the consent of the President of the Association, may appoint such special Department Committees as they may think best. The General Secretary shall be elected for three years, unless he resigns or is removed by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting in a regular meeting of the Council; and out of his compensation he may pay the salary of an Assistant Secretary, who may also be Secretary of one Department.

IV. Any person may become a member by paying five dollars, and may continue a member by paying annually such further sum as may be fixed at the Annual Meeting, not exceeding ten dollars. On payment of one hundred dollars, any person may become a life-member, exempt from assessments. Honorary and corresponding members may be elected, and exempted from the payment of assessments.

V. The Council shall have sole power to call and conduct General Meetings, and to publish the Transactions and other documents of the Association. The Department Committee shall have power to call and conduct Department Meetings.

VI. No amendment of this Constitution shall be made, except at an annual meeting, with public notice of the proposed amendments.

Publications can be obtained and information had by addressing F. B. SANBORN, Concord, Mass., or the Publishers for the Association, A. WILLIAMS & Co., Boston, and G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York.

PREFACE.

The Papers included in this number of the Journal of Social Science taken together with those which appeared in the Journal No. XIV, make up all the Saratoga Papers of 1881 which have been received from the authors in condition for printing. As some misapprehension may exist in regard to the publication of Papers by the Association, it may here be said that all Papers engaged for the General Meeting of the American Social Science Association are so engaged with the understanding that they may be printed in the Journal of Social Science if the Council so decide; if, therefore, the writers choose to publish their papers elsewhere, (to which the Council offers no objection) it must be with the stipulation that these papers may also be published in the Journal, at the option of the Council as to time of publication.

The absence of some of the Saratoga Papers of 1881 from this Number reduces its size; but since the Journal No. XIV. contains 215 pages, this Number 167 pages, and the Proceedings of the Boston Conference of Charities 376 pages,-making an aggregate of nearly 760 pages published and distributed to members of the Association for the year 1881, the Council believe that their implied promise to the members in respect to publications has been fully kept. If any members have failed to receive these three publications through change of address, temporary absence, or for any cause, the Secretary will supply the omission upon due notice. Such changes in the list of members as have been found necessary since November, 1881, will appear on page viii. of this Number. It will be observed by reference to the list of Officers printed on the cover of this Number, that Dr. ELIZA M. MOSHER, the Superintendent of the Reformatory Prison for Women at Sherborn, Mass., has taken the place of Dr. E. F. POPE, as Secretary of the Health Department.