On the Origin of SpeciesD. Appleton, 1863 - 150페이지 |
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animalcules animals asexual Atavism beak believe birds body bones called carbonic acid causes character common conclusion condition of organic conditions of existence constantly course crustacean Darwin's hypothesis deposited developed diagram domesticated pigeons earth endeavour enormous experience extinct fact field mice forms green apples gun-cotton hard and green Horse inductive and deductive infusion inorganic world kind Lake of Killarney larvæ lecture living look male means modification natural selection naturalists notice offspring organic matter organic nature Origin of Species particles peculiarities perhaps perpetuation phenomena of organic physiological pigeons plant Porpoise Pouter present primitive stock primitive type produce question races reproduce result Rock Pigeon rocks scientific inquiry seeds selective breeding sheep skeleton sort spontaneous structure substance suppose tea-pots and spoons tendency tion toes variation varieties vary Vera Causa whole WORTHEN
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53 페이지 - ... and perhaps, in addition to that, you notice the impress of a hob-nailed shoe on the gravel outside. All these phenomena have struck your attention instantly, and before two seconds have passed you say, " Oh, somebody has broken open the window, entered the room, and run off with the spoons and the tea-pot ! " That speech is out of your mouth in a moment.
62 페이지 - There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights.
50 페이지 - Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place, you have performed the operation of induction. You found that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough to make an induction...
63 페이지 - And it is imagined by many, that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special apprenticeship to the craft. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his...
62 페이지 - The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.
57 페이지 - Laplace in their endeavours to discover and define the causes of the movements of the heavenly bodies, as you, with your own common sense, would employ to detect a burglar. The only difference is, that the nature of the inquiry being more abstruse, every step has to be most carefully watched, so that there may not be a single crack or flaw in your hypothesis. A flaw or crack in many of the hypotheses of daily life may be of little or no moment as affecting the general correctness of the conclusions...
57 페이지 - So that in science, where the evidence of an hypothesis is subjected to the most rigid examination, we may rightly pursue the same course. You may have hypotheses and hypotheses. A man may say, if he likes, that the moon is made of green cheese; that is an hypothesis. But another man, who has devoted a great deal of time and attention to the subject and availed himself of the most powerful telescopes and the results of the observations of others, declares that in his opinion it is probably composed...
141 페이지 - But a race of dumb men, deprived of all communication with those who could speak, would be little indeed removed from the brutes. And the moral and intellectual difference between them and ourselves would be practically infinite, though the naturalist should not be able to find a single shadow of even specific structural difference.
68 페이지 - ... which, from having been steeped in strong acid, is converted into a substance of great explosive power. It is also soluble in alcohol and ether. One end of the glass tube was, of course, open to the external air; and at the other end of it he placed an aspirator, a contrivance for causing a current of the external air to pass through the tube. He kept this apparatus going for four-and-twenty hours, and then removed the dusted gun-cotton, and dissolved it in alcohol and ether.
56 페이지 - Well, we will suppose that your journey is successful, and that by good luck you meet with a policeman ; that eventually the burglar is found with your property on his person, and the marks correspond to his hand and to his boots. Probably any jury would consider those facts a very good experimental verification of your hypothesis, touching the cause of the abnormal phenomena observed in your parlor, and would act accordingly. Now, in this supposititious case, I have taken phenomena of a very common...