on narrow strips or ribbons of paper, a form which was found to be physically very inconvenient for the further processes of tabulation, and in order that different units of area might be combined conveniently it was necessary to transcribe the figures immediately from the strips upon posting sheets. The improvement, which consists of a new counting and printing attachment, greatly reduces the space occupied by the counters and prints the results for a series of areas one below the other directly on a result sheet of convenient size. This does away entirely with the process of copying the data from the strips of paper onto the original posting sheets. Fourteen machines seven automatic and seven hand, or semiautomatic-will be equipped with these new devices. Two machines have been completed and are in actual operation, and the others will be completed in time to handle the population cards for occupation statistics. It is fully believed that the improvements will enable the Bureau to handle the cards of the occupation runs at an expense of between $40,000 and $50,000 less than would be necessary with the former machines.

While it may be possible before the census of 1920 is taken to devise such improvements as to render obsolete the present tabulatingmachine equipment of the Bureau, there can be no doubt that the machine equipment purchased or constructed by the Bureau for the Thirteenth Census saved money as compared with leasing machines from private concerns, as was done for the census of 1900. There is good reason to believe, however, that the present improved machine, with perhaps minor alterations, will be available for the next census. In that case part of the machine expenditure for the Thirteenth Census will represent an investment which will correspondingly reduce the cost of taking the next decennial census of population.

Moreover, the Bureau has developed a corps of expert machinists and inventors who will be able to keep abreast of improvements in the art of tabulation by machinery, so that the Bureau will be able in the future to avail itself of the most improved machinery at reasonable cost. Furthermore, it is proposed to utilize this corps of experts and mechanicians after the present machine improvements have been completed in devising a card tabulating machine with an integrating counter; that is to say, a machine which will not simply count the holes in the cards, but will add figures indicated by holes. Such a machine would be adapted to general statistical and accounting work for other Government bureaus and departments.

The suit of the Tabulating Machine Co. against the Director of the Census, on the ground that the alterations made by the Bureau in the sorting machines which had been purchased from the Tabulating Machine Co. were practically equivalent to the construction of new machines, and, therefore, an infringement on the company's patents was dismissed on May 23, 1912.

BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION.

IMMIGRATION IN GENERAL.

ALIEN ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES.

It appears from the report of the Commissioner General of Immigration that 838,172 immigrant aliens entered the United States during the past fiscal year, compared with 878,587 in the fiscal year 1911, the decrease being 40,415. The months in which immigration was heaviest were March, April, May, and June, the figures for which range from about 91,000 to 114,000 per month. In addition to the 838,172 immigrants, 178,983 aliens of the nonimmigrant class entered, making a total of 1,017,155, compared with 1,030,300 for the previous fiscal year. During the year, however, there departed from the country 615,292 aliens, of whom 333,262 were of the emigrant and 282,030 of the nonemigrant class. In the previous fiscal year 518,215 aliens left the country, of whom 295,666 were of the emigrant and 222,549 of the nonemigrant class. A comparison of these figures shows that the actual increase in the alien population for the fiscal year 1912 was 401,863, as compared with 512,085 for the fiscal year 1911 and 817,619 for the fiscal year 1910.

AGES, LITERACY, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF IMMIGRANTS.

The statistical tables furnished by the Commissioner General disclose many interesting facts with regard to the 838,172 immigrant aliens admitted during the year, of which the following are especially significant:

The ages of 678,480 of these aliens ranged between 14 and 44 years, 113,700 were under 14, and 45,992 were 45 or over. Of the 724,472 aliens over 14 years of age, 177,284 could neither read nor write and 3,024 could read but could not write.

Of the aliens over 14 years of age admitted in the fiscal year 1910, 28 per cent were illiterate; in the fiscal year 1911, 24.5 per cent were illiterate; and in 1912 the percentage was approximately the same as in 1911.

The total amount of money shown to inspection officers by arriving aliens during the past fiscal year was $30,353,721, or an average of about $36 per person. There is no way to determine how much of this was sent to applicants by relatives or friends living in the United States.

Of the 838,172 who entered during the year, 536,802 claimed tɔ have paid their own passage, 289,657 admitted that their passage had been paid by relatives, and 11,713 admitted that it had been paid by persons other than relatives. It is not easy to obtain accurate information on this question. Apparently, however, either the assistance to aliens is on the increase or more frank admissions are being secured from those entering the country. The latter explanation is probably the true one. Statistics show that in 1910 only 25 per cent of incoming aliens were assisted; in 1911 this percentage increased to 33, and during the past year there was a further increase to 36 per cent.

AGES AND PERIODS OF RESIDENCE OF DEPARTING ALIENS.

During the year 333,262 aliens emigrated from the United States. With respect to 33,080 of these no record could be procured as to length of residence here, as they left across the Canadian border. However, it is shown that 13,026 of these emigrants were less than 14, 282,111 ranged from 14 to 44, and 38,125 were 45 years of age or over; 220,571 had resided in the United States less than 5 years, 65,857 from 5 to 10 years, 8,552 from 10 to 15 years, 2,232 from 15 to 20 years, and 2,970 over 20 years.

SOURCES OF IMMIGRATION.

The past year witnessed no appreciable change in the disparity to which attention has heretofore been directed between the number of aliens entering the United States from northern and western Europe and the number entering from southern and eastern Europe. During the past year the bulk of the immigration was made up as follows: Belgium, 4,169; Denmark, 6,191; France, 8,628; German Empire, 27,788; Netherlands, 6,619; Norway, 8,675; Sweden, 12,688; Switzerland, 3,505; England, 40,408; Ireland, 25,879; Scotland, 14,578; Wales, 2,162; Italy, 157,134; Russia, including Finland, 162,395; Austria, 85,854; Hungary, 93,028; Greece, 21,449; Turkey in Europe and adjoining principalities, 14,481; Turkey in Asia, 12,788; Portugal, 10,230; and Spain, 6,327.

REJECTIONS OF ARRIVING ALIENS.

During the year 16,057 incoming aliens were found to belong to the excluded classes and were rejected. Because of the importance of this subject, a table in the report of the Commissioner General, giving comparisons between rejections for each principal cause for the years 1907 to 1912, inclusive, is reproduced here.

In the fiscal year 1911, 1,336 aliens were excluded because found to be contract laborers and 21 were arrested and expelled from the country on the same ground; for the past year the corresponding figures are 1,333 and 31. The Commissioner General's report indicates, however, that these figures constitute by no means an adequate presentation of the work done by the Immigration Service in the enforcement of those provisions of law which contemplate that contract laborers shall not be admitted, and that those who attempt to import them shall be punished.

ARRESTS AND DEPORTATIONS.

In 1911, 2,788 warrants of deportation were executed after granting hearings to the arrested aliens; during the past year 2,456 were so executed. The aliens involved fall into the following general divisions as to causes of deportation: Members of the excluded classes at time of entry, 1,142; became public charges from causes existing prior to entry, 731; found to be prostitutes subsequent to entry, 23; supported by the proceeds of prostitution, 13; entered without inspection, 477; members of the class created by the act of March 26, 1910, viz, the sexually immoral who had been in the country more than three years, 54.

To the 2,456 deportations on warrant above mentioned should be added 16,057 rejected at the ports as members of excluded classes, making a total of 18,513 deported.

JAPANESE AND KOREAN LABORERS.

Satisfactory results are reported by the Commissioner General with regard to the enforcement of the President's proclamation of

March 14, 1907. During the year 5,461 Japanese applied for admission to continental United States; of these, 5,358 were admitted and 103 debarred. Of those applying, 5,267 were and 194 were not in possession of proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 5,205 belonged to classes entitled to such credentials under the proclamation and understanding with Japan, and only 62 were not entitled thereto. The said 5,205 consisted of 1,704 former residents, 2,679 parents, wives, or children of residents, 819 new arrivals who were nonlaborers, and 3 settled agriculturists. The 62 not entitled to passports were laborers not former residents, or the parents, wives, or children of such residents, or settled agriculturists. During the same period 3,294 Japanese applied for admission to Hawaii, of whom 3,231 were admitted and 63 debarred. Of those applying, 3,277 had and 17 had not proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 3,148 were entitled and 129 were not entitled to them. Of the 3,148 entitled to passports, 809 were former residents, and 2,339 were parents, wives, or children of residents. The 129 consisted of 13 laborers and 116 nonlaborers who were neither former residents nor parents, wives, or children of residents.

CHINESE IMMIGRATION.

In the opinion of the Commissioner General, the law with respect to Chinese is now being more satisfactorily enforced. This is due in large measure to the Supreme Court's decision which supports the Bureau's contention that aliens of the Chinese race who enter the country in violation of the immigration law, as well as in contravention of the terms of the statutes relating to that race in particular, are subject to deportation on departmental warrants, without resort to judicial process, as is the case with all other aliens. This decision has made it possible to place serious discouragement in the way of those who are engaged in smuggling Chinese into the United States, for when the Chinese are apprehended they can be promptly deported to the country whence they came.

During the year the Department considered applications for admission of 5,886 Chinese, of whom 5,374 were admitted, 400 were deported, and 2 died, while 242 cases were pending at the close of the year. The corresponding figures for the previous year were: Total applications, 5,935; admissions, 5,107; deportations, 692; and pending at the close of the year, 136.

IMMIGRATION STATIONS.

The new site selected for the Boston immigration station is located in East Boston. Plans and specifications are now being prepared for the construction of a building thereon. The building finally