The Canadian Pacific System has in operation 13,772.1 miles and in addition controls the Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Saulte Ste. Marie Railroad, with a mileage of 4,227.8, and the Duluth, South Shore, and Atlantic Railroad, with a mileage of 625.8, giving a total of 4,853.6 miles. The Grand Trunk system, exclusive of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, comprises 8,107 miles. It has 1,083 miles of double track, including the longest continuous stretch of double track railway under one management in the world. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway operates 2,804 miles. There are 2,277.9 miles of electric railway in Canada, with a total capital of $161,234,739, of which $70,606,520 is in stocks and $90,628,219 in bonds. Gross earnings as of June 30, 1917 were $30,237,663. The total income from operation was $12,431,229 and the net earnings from operation were $10,196,985. MANUFACTURES Canadian manufacturing developed rapidly during the progress of the war. There was an enormous demand for all products and the building of new plants or the extension of old ones proceeded rapidly. Now the country finds itself impelled toward a continuance of this development in order to reduce the necessary importations of a new and growing country, to pay off war debts, and to provide employment for her returning soldiers or those whose services as munition workers are no longer required. A difficulty in the way is the necessity that basic industries shall be able to put forth diversified products. The ability to concentrate on specialized products, which permits of quantity production at low cost in more industrially advanced countries, is denied to Canada for the present. Her builders must be able, for example, to obtain at one and the same plant structural steel, boiler plates, wire nails, or any other steel product which they may require. In an undeveloped country, where communities are widely separated and where population is not congested, the general manufacturing plant is as necessary as the general store. No other kind will serve the community, and no other kind can support itself. A handicap is therefore placed upon Canadian manufactures by the very nature of the country and the sparseness ess of its population. To meet this condition, as to meet many others, there is foreign trade, and a great deal of attention is accordingly being given to it. Manufactures will grow with the assurance that surplus production can be marketed abroad. The Dominion Bureau of Statistics recently completed its census of the manufactures of Canada for the year 1917. The returns cover 34,380 establishments and show how remarkable has been the development in this branch of Canadian industry since 1915. The following table sets forth these contrasts: The gross value of goods made in Canada in 1917 amounted to $3,015,506,869 and the cost of material was $1,602,820,631, leaving a net value added by the process of manufacture of $1,412,686,238, or $5,449,098 more than the gross value of production in 1915. The twenty leading industries with the gross and net values of their production are given below in order of precedence: duction 66,945,483 43,322,382 Electric apparatus and supplies. 40,204,245 20,046,238 The totals of the twenty leading industries in gross and net value of production were $1,720,700,960 and $724,266,227, and they represent respectively 57 per cent. and 51 per cent. of the grand totals for the Dominion. The total capital invested in Canadian industrial plants in 1917 was $2,772,517,680, of which (a) Land, buildings, and fixtures amounted to $998,351,070, (b) Machinery and tools to $567,262,538, (c) Materials on hand, stocks in process, finished products, fuel, and miscellaneous supplies to $745,546,310, and, (d) Cash, accounts, and bills receivable to $461,357,762. The amount of capital invested in the leading industries was: (1) Electric light and power, $356,004,168; (2) Pulp and paper, $186,787,405; (3) Log products, $149,266,019; (4) Cars and car works, $98,274,585; (5) Steel furnaces and rolling mills, $91,894,777; (6) Flour and grist mill products, $72,573,982; (7) Agricultural implements, $70,493,801; (8) Foundry and machine shop products, $69,915,032; (9) Car repair shops, $68,763,298; (10) Slaughtering and meat packing, $68,145,347. FOREIGN TRADE For the last four years Canada has had a favorable trade balance, due largely, of course, to her shipments of foodstuffs and munitions. In respect of the latter it may be said that Canadian steel manufactures increased 125 per cent. during the war and that whereas at the beginning of the war no Canadian manufacturer had ever made a shell, or a cartridge case, or a fuse, the country was furnishing, during the latter part of 1917, no less than 55 per cent. of all shrapnel shells and 42 per cent. of all 4.5 shells used by the British Army. From the time the Imperial Munitions Board was established as the agent for the Imperial Government in December, 1915, orders for upward of 65,000,000 shells, of a value of $937,456,826, were placed in the country. With the signing of the armistice the great exportation of munitions was stopped and also, to a large extent, that of foodstuffs. This was due to the fact that with the elimination of the submarine menace the European countries found it no longer necessary to keep immense reserves on hand to provide against some possible submarine disaster. Now, however, these countries can use up their reserves without fear, since both supplies and tonnage will be available when they are wanted. This means a temporary curtailment of the exportation of Canadian food |