have been justly deemed a hero in any country. His exploits have furnished copious themes to Arabian poetry and romance, D'Herbelot says, that his tomb is still to be seen in a small village of Yemen, called Aovaredh, and that the natives still visit it with that reverence which the virtues of Hatim Taï so eminently deserved.

The tales which are here translated by Mr. Forbes are seven in number; and they record the various dangers and difficulties which the hero was content to encounter, in order to promote a union between a beautiful damsel of unlimited wealth, and a young prince who was smitten more by her personal charms than her riches. But the lady, like some of our Provençal high-born maidens, proposed certain trials through which her lover must contend for her hand, before he could obtain it. The ordeal in this case assumes the shape of the following seven enigmas, which, at the instigation of her cunning nurse, she proclaimed as necessary to be solved by any person aspiring to her favour :1. What I saw once I long for a second time.

2. Do good and cast it upon the waters.

3. Do no evil; if you do, such shall you meet with.

4. He who speaks the truth is always tranquil.

5. Let him bring an account of the mountain of Nida.

6. Let him produce a pearl of the size of a duck's egg.

7. Let him bring an account of the bath of Bad-gard.'—p. 7. These, perhaps, ought rather to be called so many labours which were to be performed after the Herculean fashion. The Prince Munir of Syria, to whom they were proposed, set about performing them to the best of his ability; but having no clue whatever to guide him, he wandered in vain over mountains and deserts, until his good fortune conducted him to the borders of Yemen, where he sat down under a tree and gave vent to his tears, which were as copious as the showers of early spring. Hatim happening to pass that way on a hunting excursion, beheld the young prince, and having learned from him the cause of his grief, resolved generously to undertake the labours which had been assigned to the lover. Trusting to Providence, he forthwith set out for the wilderness, to find the man who constantly exclaimed, What I once saw I long for a second time.' Before he proceeded far upon his journey, he espied a wolf pursuing a milch doe, and his heart being touched with kindliness towards the young to whom the milk belonged, he entreated the wolf to desist from the chace, and to accept a slice from his own thigh, by way of a bonus for abstaining from crime. The wolf agreed; and having feasted upon the food thus seasonably provided, he in return informed Hatim, that the man of whom he was in search dwelt in

the

the desert of Hawaïda, and further, pointed out the way which he was to go.

Hatim soon after found himself in the kingdom of the bears, by whom he was received with the greatest politeness and hospitality. He had, however, the misfortune to attract the particular regard of the king, who insisted that the hero should marry his daughter. This proposal Hatim respectfully declined, alleging that he was then engaged in a particular service, which he could not think of interrupting. The bear-king threatened to commit him to a dungeon, where he should remain without food until the day of judgment. Hatim was willing to undergo even this punishment rather than become the husband of a cub, and forthwith he was sent to prison. But sleep came to his aid; and in his dreams an old man appeared to him, who recommended that he should acquiesce in the king's proposal. Having acted upon this suggestion, he was introduced to his bride, whom he was astonished to find as beautiful as the moon in her fourteenth night, and seated on a splendid throne, arrayed in gold and jewels. Seeing her thus to his infinite surprise one of his own species, he accepted her hand, and took up his abode in her palace. Every day the king provided them with a variety of fruits; but Hatim being soon satiated with that kind of food, sent the king word that it did not agree with him, and requested something more substantial. Flour, sugar, milk, and butter, were forthwith abundantly served up to him in vessels of porcelain; and Hatim fared sumptuously twice a-day, on food the most delicious, which he dressed himself,

When six months were elapsed, Hatim obtained, through the intercession of his wife, leave of absence, that he might accomplish his enterprise. He once more found himself in the desert, upon which no human habitation appeared. But still trusting in Providence, he courageously proceeded. Every evening a mysterious man, with a tattered garment, brought him a loaf and a jug full of water; but, while he was thus cheerfully making progress, he suddenly beheld an immense dragon, who, raising his head to the skies, stooped and devoured him at one fell swoop. Here, no doubt, Hatim must have been promptly digested, had not his wife fixed a talismanic pearl in his turban before his departure, which protected him from dissolution. The dragon, finding him inconvenient, ejected him on the third day; and Hatim, as soon as his clothes were dried in the sun, resumed his journey. Arriving on the banks of a river, he sat down to refresh himself, and seeing great numbers of fish crowding near him, he was congratulating himself, while washing his clothes, upon the abundant supply of food which he was about to obtain, when a mermaid captured

2 M 2

him,

him, and took him to her abode in the ocean, very much against his will. Her cavern, though splendidly furnished, did not reconcile him to such a fate, and, after much entreaty, he was restored to the spot whence he was taken. He then finished the washing of his clothes, which had been so unexpectedly interrupted, and again went on his way.

A lofty mountain soon appeared in sight, covered to the summit with trees in beautiful clusters. Hatim ascended these shady groves, through which flowed rivulets of pure water, and cooling zephyrs wafted a delicious fragrance. Here he met a man who warned him that the confines of the desert of Hawaïda were kept by damsels of surpassing beauty. One of them especially was a nymph whose charms it would require the greatest fortitude to resist; if he yielded he was lost for ever; but if he grasped her hand firmly, she would be compelled to forward him to his destination. This advice sunk deep in Hatim's soul, and he was resolved to pursue it.

The next day he reached the borders of a lake, from the bosom of which a nymph of surprising loveliness arose, and seizing Hatim in her arms hurried him into the deep. As soon as he found a footing, he opened his eyes, and beheld around him a beautiful and extensive garden, filled with women of exquisite forms, each of whom assailed him with her attentions. But he remembered the advice that had been given him, and held firmly to his purpose, saying to himself, This is all enchantment.' He was conveyed to a palace formed entirely of precious stones, and decorated with numberless paintings. Seeing the throne vacant, he thought that he might seat himself upon it. Placing his foot upon the step, a tremendous crash of thunder was heard, which startled him for the moment, but it did not deter him from mounting the ascent. When he sat down upon the throne another peal seemed to shatter the whole building, but when it passed away, the damsel, against whom he had been forewarned, approached, clothed in costly gold and jewels, her faced veiled. Hatim was strongly tempted to remove the veil-but he forbore, upon a moment's reflection, to expose himself to so great a temptation. Wishing, however, to see something more of this enchanted palace, he remained three days and three nights seated on the throne. The darkness of the night was dispelled by magic lamps, which to him were invisible, and his ears were delighted with melodious sounds. Fantastic groups, in endless variety, danced along the scene; but all the while the damsel of surpassing beauty stood by the throne, sweetly smiling in his face. They presented him with food and fruits of every description in costly dishes; but although Hatim ate most heartily, his hunger was not in the least appeased. Wondering

Wondering in his mind, he said to himself, Though I am constantly eating, I am never satiated: how is this to be accounted for?' In this manner three days elapsed, and on the fourth he said to himself:

Oh Hatim! were you to look for a hundred years at these delusive appearances, still you would not have tired of them. At the same time you have left behind you a helpless youth, whose expectations are fixed on your exertions; if you waste the time, what will you have to answer before God?'

Upon this, Hatim, grasping firmly the hand of the beauteous damsel, was at the same moment struck by some invisible power from the throne to the ground. But, lo! on recovering from the stupor which had seized him, he saw not a trace of the enchanted gardens or their fair inhabitants. He found himself in the desert of Hawaïda, and commenced his search for the man who was constantly repeating the words which we have already quoted. At length he found him, and learned that his longing was produced by the sight of the matchless nymph, whose charms Hatim had resisted. Having led the disconsolate to the borders of the enchanted lake, and having seen him borne away to the gardens beneath, he returned to the fair heroine of these tales, and gave her a full account of his discovery, which the nurse from her skill in magic knew to be true.

In this manner, and after undergoing a variety of adventures, in which the imagination is certainly permitted to take its full scope, Hatim succeeds in satisfying the damsel's curiosity upon every point, and she finally consents to surrender her hand to the young Prince of Syria. We shall only notice one other passage from these tales. The second enigma is explained to Hatim in the following narrative, put into the mouth of an aged man, over whose door the words in question were inscribed as a motto:

In the prime of my life I was a most daring robber, and lived by plundering my fellow-creatures, whose property I used to seize by violent means. But every day when I rested from my sinful avocations, I used to bake two large loaves, the ingredients of which I mixed with sweet oil and sugar. Two such loaves I daily threw into the river, saying, "This I give away to propitiate the favour of heaven." A considerable period had thus passed, when one day I was seized with sickness, so violent, that my soul seemed to quit my body. Methought a man seized me by the hand, and pointing out to me the way to the infernal regions, said, "There is the place destined for thee." While he was on the point of hurling me into the midst of the damned, two youths, divinely fair in countenance and angelic in form, came up to my rescue. My guardian angels laid hold of me, one by each arm, and said, "We will not permit this man to be cast into hell; sinful as

he

he has been, his future station is in paradise, and thither let us convey him."

They swiftly wafted me to the regions of the blessed, where an angel of exalted rank stood up and asked them, "Why have you brought this man? A hundred years of his life are yet to pass; but there is another of the same name whom you were commissioned to bring!" The same two angels who carried me to the gates of paradise, again brought me back to my own house, and said to me at parting, "We are the two loaves* which you used to cast into the river for fishes to feed on, as a service acceptable to the Almighty." When I recovered from my trance, I rose up and fled for refuge unto the threshold of divine mercy, exclaiming, in the voice of supplication, Gracious God! thou art merciful, and I am a sinful creature. I repent of my evil deeds, which I committed in the depravity of my heart. To thy gates I now flee for protection; spare me, merciful Creator! and from thy secret stores of divine grace bestow on me that which is meet for me.'

'When my health was restored, I prepared the two loaves as formerly, and went with them to the side of the river, in order to cast them upon the waters. On the shore I found a hundred dinars, which I took up and carried with me to the village. I there caused it to be publicly proclaimed, that if any person had lost a sum of money, he should obtain the same from me. None came forward to claim the money; I therefore laid it aside, in hopes that the real owner of it might some day appear. Next day, when I went to the river side, according to my usual mode, I threw my two loaves into the water, and another sum of a hundred dinars made its appearance on the shore. I took the money home with me; and in the same way it happened to me for ten successive days. On the eve of the eleventh day, as I was asleep, a man appeared to me in the visions of the night, saying, "Servant of the Almighty, thy two loaves have pleaded thy cause in heaven, and the merciful Creator has forgiven thy sins. The dinars which you receive are for thy competency; what is not necessary to thy own support, bestow in charity upon the poor."

I awoke from my dream and betook myself to prayer, and rendered my thanks to the bountiful giver. I have since built this mansion, on the door of which I have written the motto that has attracted your attention. Every day I receive a sum of a hundred dinars on the shore of the river; and I occupy myself in giving it away in charity, in feeding the hungry, the poor, and the helpless stranger.'Hatim Taï, pp. 78, 79.

The second work at the head of this article is a translation of a kind of jeu d'esprit, which, under the pretence of gravely laying down rules of conduct for Persian women, exposes Cast thy bread upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after many days.'Eccles. xi. 1.