5. Salary.—The judges shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. 65.

1. Limitation.

ART. III.-JURISDICTION.

The judicial power of the United States shall

extend to all cases in law and equity arising,

1st. Under the Constitution of the United States;

2d. Under the laws of the United States; and,

3d. Under treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority. 66.

2. Original.-The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction, 1st. In all cases affecting ambassadors;

2d. Other public ministers and consuls;

3d. In controversies between two or more States ;

4th. Between a State and citizens of another State;

5th. Between a State or citizens thereof and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. 66, 67.

6th. But the judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted,

1st. Against one of the United States by citizens of another State; or,

2d. By citizens or subjects of a foreign state. 93.

3. Appellate. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic

tion, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make,

1st. In all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;

2d. In controversies in which the United States shall be a party;

3d. Between citizens of different States; and,

4th. Between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States. 66, 67.

APPENDIX TO THE ANALYSIS.

NOTE.-The Analysis of Articles 14 and 15 of the Amendments (see pages 74 and 75) is inserted here for convenience of reference. The amendments are so full and explicit in their language, and their history is so recent, that very little additional comment has been found necessary.

A.

CITIZENSHIP.

1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

2. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. 99.

B.

STATE PROHIBITIONS.

PERSONAL SECURITY.

1. No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;

2. Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 99.

C.

REPRESENTATION.

1. HOW APPORTIONED.

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers; counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. 100.

2. HOW APPORTIONMENT REDUCED.

By a denial of any State to any of its male inhabitants, being citizens of the United States, twenty-one years of age, or in any way

abridging, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the right to vote at any election,

1. For the choice of electors for President and Vice-President

of the United States;

2. For representatives in Congress;

3. For State officers, judicial and executive; or, 4. For members of the State legislature. 100.

3. RATIO OF REDUCTION.

In all such cases, the basis of representation shall be reduced in the proportion which the disfranchised male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens in such State of the age of twentyone years. 100.

D.

INELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE.

Any person having once taken an oath to support the Constitution of the United States, either as,

1. A member of Congress; or,

2. An officer of the United States; or,

3. As a member of any State legislature; or,

4. As an executive or judicial officer of any State, and having engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to their enemies, is ineligible thereafter; as, 1. A member of either house of Congress;

or,

2. Elector of President and Vice-President of the United States;

3. As an officer of any kind, civil or military, 1st. Under the United States; or,

2d. Under any State, unless Congress shall, by vote of twothirds of each house, remove the disability. 101.

E.

REPUDIATION.

1. Forbidden. The validity of the public debt of the United

States authorized by law, including debts incurred for pay

ment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be questioned.

2. Enjoined. Neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred,

1st. In aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States; or,

2d. Any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave.
3d. All such debts, obligations, or claims, shall be held
illegal and void. 102.

F.

PERSONAL RIGHTS.

SUFFRAGE.

The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged,

1. By the United States; or,

2. By any State;

on account of, either,

1. Race; or,

2. Color; or,

8. Previous condition of servitude. 103.

PART II.

ANNOTATIONS ON THE ANALYSIS

OF THE

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

PREAMBLE.

WE, the people of the United States, 1. In order to form a more perfect union; 2. Establish justice;

3. Insure domestic tranquillity;

4. Provide for the common defense;

5. Promote the general welfare; and,

6. Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 1.

§ 1.

1st. The Preamble is an exposition of the objects and purposes of the Constitution. Unlike the Articles of Confederation, which were an agreement or compact between the States as such, the Constitution is a compact of the PEOPLE. The first line of the former document shows that the bargain is between the States: on the contrary, the first line of the Preamble to the Constitution shows that the agreement is by the PEOPLE.

2d. Observe, the Preamble begins with, "We, the People;" and what they purposed to do was for themselves and their posterity