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18. GROVER CLEVELAND, of New York, inaugurated President, March 4, 1885. THOMAS A. HENDRICKS, of Indiana, took the oath of office as Vice-President, March 4, 1885. Died November 25, 1885.

19. BENJAMIN HARRISON, of Indiana, inaugurated President, March 4, 1889. LEVI P. MORTON, of New York, took the oath of office as Vice-President, March 4, 1889.

ART. II.-STATE DEPARTMENT.

§ 1. The department of State was created by act of Congress, Sept. 15, 1789. Before that, it was called the department of Foreign Affairs, having been created as such by act of July 27, 1789. This department is under the charge of the Secretary of State; and the business-affairs of it are divided into several branches, each branch having a principal clerk at its head.

§ 2. This department has charge of the correspondence with the diplomatic agents of the government in foreign countries, and with the agents of foreign nations received and accredited by the United States. All communications with commissioners relating to boundary treaties, and all diplomatic instructions, issue from this department; and a faithful record of them is kept, as well as a record of similar documents received from foreign powers.

§ 3. All the acts and resolutions of Congress are filed by the President in this department; and their publication in newspapers. or in book form, and their distribution throughout the country, belong to the State Department; also all treaties and other business with the Indian tribes. There is an office connected with this department, in which the translation of documents from other languages into English is the principal business.

§ 4. There is a clerk of pardons and passports connected with

this department. The petitions and papers are filed with this clerk, on which pardons are founded. Passports are prepared by him, and a record kept. Statistics relating to the foreign commerce of the United States are filed and preserved in this department. § 5. The following is a catalogue of the Secretaries of State, beginning with the first year under our Constitution :

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ART. III.-TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

§ 1. The Treasury Department dates from 1789. It is under charge of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. This department has charge of all moneys paid into the treasury of the United States; has the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the government; attends to the collection of the revenue, the auditing and payments of accounts, or other disbursements; and sees to the execution of the laws relating to the commerce and navigation of the United States.

§ 2. This department also has charge of the coast survey, the mint and coinage of money, the light-house establishments, the erection of marine hospitals and custom-houses. By act of Congress, May 10, 1810, it is made the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare and report to Congress, at the opening of every regular session, the financial condition of the United States, to furnish estimates of the revenue and disbursements of the treasury, and to give information in reference to the most economic means of furnishing money to meet the claims against the government.

§ 3. There are a chief clerk, controller, second controller, commissioner of customs, six auditors, and a large number of other assistants of various positions and titles, employed in this department, having their respective duties to perform. The first controller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands.

The second controller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the army and navy, and of the Indian and Pension Bureaus.

The commissioner of the customs prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing the custom-houses, &c.1

The business of the sixth auditor relates chiefly to the interests of the Post-office Department.

§ 4. The following is a list of the Secretaries of the Treasury, beginning with the organization of our present form of govern

ment:

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ART. IV.-WAR DEPARTMENT.

§ 1. This department has charge of all business growing out of the military affairs and interests of the government. It keeps the record of the army, issues military commissions, directs the movements of troops, and superintends their payment. It also has the custody of all military stores, clothing, arms, and equipments. It supervises the construction of all military structures, and conducts all works of military engineering.

§ 2. The War Department is in the charge of the Secretary of War, who is assisted by one regular assistant and two temporary assistants, and a large number of clerks, one of whom is called the chief clerk. This department is also divided into several branches called bureaus, taking their several names from the offices in which the business of each is transacted.

§ 3. The commanding-general's office has the arrangement of all the military forces, the superintendence of the recruiting service, and the discipline of the army. The adjutant-general's office keeps the records and rolls of the army: from this office the military commissions are sent out, and all orders emanating from headquarters. The quartermaster-general's bureau has charge of the supply-system, control of the barracks, and furnishes the clothing and transportation of the army.

§ 4. The disbursements of money to the army are made through the paymaster-general's office; the purchase and issue of rations, through the commissary-general's office surgical and medical supplies and attendance, the management of the sick and wounded soldiers, and the care of military hospitals, are under the surgeon-general's direction. There is an engineer's bureau, having the direction of all matters connected with the engineer corps of the army, and also the care of the military academy at West Point. There is a topographical bureau, which has the superintendence of surveys made for military purposes and for purposes of internal improvement; and there is also an ordnance bureau, having charge of the arsenals and armories, the manufacture of arms, implements of war, and the keeping of all ordnance-stores.

§ 5. The following is a list of the Secretaries of War from the organization of this department:

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