Huron ; gryphæa (lias), from Lakes Superior and Simcoe, arca (lias), Lake Simcoe, and sanguinolaria, River Humber, Laker Ontario."(American Journal of Science.) 12. Analyses of Chrysoberyls from Haddam, in Connecticut, U.S. and Brazil. By Mr. H. Seybert. dar The Haddam chrysoberyl occurs in a coarse-grained granite, in which the predominating ingredient is albite, and is asso ciated with greyish-quartz, manganesian garnet, and beryl. The mineral was extremely refractory when fused with caustic potash, an effect ascribed by Mr. Seybert to the glucina being mixed with a very small portion of titanium. He succeeded in effecting its decomposition by repeatedly fusing it with caustic potash, and when the alkali had no further action, calcining the residuum several times with nitrate of barytes. His results give its composition as follows: Mr. Seybert found the chrysoberyl from Brazil to consist of (American Journal of Science.) 13. Description and Analysis of Sillimanite, a new Mineral from Saybrook, in Connecticut, U. S. By Mr. G. T. Bowen. This mineral has been mistaken for anthophyllite, and is so called in the last edition of Cleaveland's Mineralogy. Its colour is dark grey, passing into clove brown. It occurs in a vein of quartz, penetrating gneiss, crystallized in rhomboidak prisms, whose angles are about 106° 30' and 73° 10; the incli nation of the base to the axis of the prism being about 143. It i has but one cleavage which is parallel to the longer diagonal of the prism. The sides and angles of the crystals are frequently rounded. Its hardness exceeds that of quartz: even topaz may be scratched by some of the specimens. It is translucent on the edges, and in small fragments; it is brittle, and easily reduced to powder. Its fracture, in the direction of the longer diagonal, is lamellar, and displays a brilliant lustre; the cross fracture is uneven and splintery. It does not become electric either by heat or friction, nor give any indications of magnetism. Its specific gravity is 3.41. Before the blowpipe, it is infusible per se, and also when heated with borax. The nitric, muriatic, and sulphuric acids, have no action on its powder. From Mr. Bowen's analysis, sillimanite is composed of Water. Alumina.. Oxide of iron 0.510 42.666 54-111 1.999 0.714. 100.000 (American Journal of Science.) MISCELLANEOUS. 14. Extraordinary Extent of the Baise and Flannel Manufacture at Rochdale. "In the town of Rochdale and the adjacent villages, there are manufactured every week, of flannels and baizes, about 20,000 pieces, of 46 yards each, making 47,840,000 yards per annum. It is supposed that 17,840,000 yards are exported; the remaining 30 millions of yards are consumed in the United Kingdom, being an average of 1 yard for each individual. Some good flannels are manufactured in Wales; a few coarse ones at Keswick; and some other towns and villages in the kingdom. A few are manufactured on the Continent, and works for that purpose are now erecting in America; but the whole of the flannels manufactured on the globe, besides those manufactured in Rochdale and its immediate vicinity, are not equal in quantity to those made there. The price of flannels is 5d. to 3s. per yard; and the average may be stated at from 13d. to 14d, per yard; so that the annual value of the manufacture may be stated at about 3,000,000l. sterling. The wool costs fully onehalf of the wholesale selling price; the oil, labour, and finishing, &c. constitute nearly the other half.”—(Edin, Phil. Jour.) 15. Electromagnetic and Galvanic Experiments. By Dr. Hare. If a jet of mercury, in communication with one pole of a very large calorimotor, is made to fall on the poles of a very large horse-shoe magnet communicating with the other, the metallic stream will be curved outwards or inwards, accordingly as one or the other side of the magnet may be exposed to the jet, or as the pole communicating with the mercury may be positive or negative. When the jet of mercury is made to fall just within the interstice formed by a series of horse-shoe magnets, mounted in the usual way, the stream will be bent in the direction of the interstice, and inwards or outwards, according as the sides of the magnet, or the communication with the galvanic poles, may be exchanged. The result is analogous to those obtained by Messrs. Barlow and Marsh with wires, or wheels. It is well known that a galvanic pair, which will, on immersion in an acid, intensely ignite a wire connecting the zinc and copper surfaces, will cease to do so after the acid has acted on the pair for some moments, and that ignition cannot be reproduced by the same apparatus, without a temporary removal from the exciting fluid. I have ascertained that this recovery of the igniting power does not take place, if, during the removal from the acid, the galvanic surfaces be surrounded either by hydrogen gas, nitric oxide gas, or carbonic acid gas. When surrounded by chlorine, or by oxygen gas, the surfaces regain their igniting power in nearly the same time as when exposed to the air. The magnetic needle is nevertheless much more powerfully affected by the galvanic circuit, when the plates have been allowed repose, whether it take place in the air, or in any of the other gases above mentioned.-(American Journal of Science.) ARTICLE XVIII. NEW SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION. A Translation of the Travels of the Prussian General Baron Minutoli, in Lybia and Upper Egypt; illustrated with Maps and Plates. The First Volume of the Lectures of Sir Astley Cooper, Bart. on the Principles and Practice of Surgery, as delivered at St. Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals. With additional Notes and Cases, by Frederick Tyrrel, Esq. Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital. a A Practical Treatise on Prisons, and an Inquiry into the Duties and Perplexities of Medical Men as Witnesses in Courts of Justice. By Dr. J. G. Smith. Magendie's New Remedies, with Appendix. 5s. 6d. Manuale Medicum, or Medical Pocket Book for Students. 5s. The Young Brewer's Monitor, comprising a scientific Summary of the Art, with a Series of Cautionary Precepts, &c. 8vo. ARTICLE XIX. NEW PATENTS C. Jefferies, Havanah Mills, near Congleton, silk thrower, and E. Drakeford, Congleton, watch-maker, both in the county of Chester, for their invented method of making apparatus for the purpose of winding silk and other fibrous materials.-July 29. W. Wheatstone, Jermyn-street, St. James's, music seller, for his invention of improving and augmenting the tones of piano-fortes, organs, and euphonons.-July 29. J. Price, Stroud, Gloucester, engineer, for certain improvements in the construction of spinning machines.-Aug. 5. G. Graydon, Bath, Captain in the Royal Engineers, for inventing a new compass for navigation and other purposes.-Aug. 5. W. Johnson, Great Tothan, Essex, for inventing a means of evaporating fluids for the purpose of conveying heat into buildings for manufacturing, horticultural, and domestic uses, and for heating liquors in distilling, brewing, and dyeing, and in making sugar and salt with reduced expenditure of fuel.—Aug. 5. J. Perkins, Fleet-street, engineer, for certain improvements in propelling vessels.Aug. 9. J. Fussell, Mells, Somerset, edge-tool-maker, for his improved method of heating woollen cloth, for the purpose of giving it a lustre in dressing. Aug. 11. H. Schroder, Hackney, broker, for his invented new filter.Aug. 11. J. Vallance, Brighton, for his improved method of abstracting or carrying off the caloric of fluidity from any congealing water (or it may be other liquids): also an improved method of producing intense cold: also a method of applying this invention so as to make it available to purposes, with reference to which temperatures about or below the freezing point may be rendered productive of advantageous effects, whether medical, chemical, or mechanical.-Aug. 28. J. Neville, High-street, Southwark, engineer, and W. Busk, Broadstreet, for certain improvements in propelling ships' boats, or other vessels, or floating bodies.-Sept. 16. |