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THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

1931

Oct. 1

Oct. 2 (687)

Oct. 2

Oct. 2 (691)

Subject

Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State

Denial by Japanese Ambassador of censorship of communications from Manchuria, of bombing of trains, or inciting of Separatist movement; assertion that only "dispatch line" was out of commission at R. C. A. station.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Lt. Brown, Mukden: Report that occupation is es-
sentially unchanged, that Japanese treat with prominence
Chinese move for provisional government; that normal
economic conditions are not in evidence.

Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
of a Conversation With Colonel Manton Davis of the Radio
Corporation of America

Information from Colonel Davis that Japanese have de-
manded a copy of the R. C. A.-Chinese contract for the opera-
tion of the station at Mukden and intend to operate it them-
selves; request of Colonel Davis for advice.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Consul General's conversations with T. V.
Soong and the Acting Foreign Minister; their opinion that
China would treat directly with Japan if all Japanese troops
were withdrawn to the railway zone.

Page

101

102

102

104

Oct. 2

From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the
Chinese Legation

106

Report that Japan, making use of an organization formed by Yuan Chin-kai, is inciting Manchuria to set up an independent government.

Oct. 2 (693)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

106

Information from Mukden that Japanese are misrepresenting situation, that Yuan Chin-kai has refused to organize independent government, and that Japanese purpose is to eliminate Chang Hsueh-liang's influence.

Oct. 3

From the Consul General at Mukden (tel.)

107

Information that Japanese report radio station undamaged but have not reestablished service in spite of representations.

Oct. 3 (181)

To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

107

Instructions to confer with Foreign Office concerning the reopening of the radio station.

Memorandum by the Secretary of State

108

Oct. 3

Oct. 3 (358)

Conversation with the Japanese Ambassador, who was informed of the reports from Mukden on the government situation and of the Chinese willingness to negotiate when the Japanese withdrew to the railway zone; Secretary's opinion that they should get out at once.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions to inform Chinese Government of the observation tour to be made by Hanson and Salisbury.

109

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 3 (182)

To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

110

Account of morning conversation with the Japanese Ambassador and instructions to pursue same viewpoint with Shidehara.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

110

Instructions to inform Drummond of observation tour to be made by Hanson and Salisbury.

111

Oct. 3 (63)

Oct. 4 (697)

Oct. 4 (698)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Acting Foreign Minister in Nanking: Invitation to the United States, as to other powers, to send representatives to Manchuria to collect information on the progress of evacuation.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Transmittal to Nanking of Department's instructions (contained in telegram No. 358, October 3), with instructions to avoid giving the impression that the tour of observation is in answer to Chinese request.

112

Oct. 4

From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the
Chinese Legation

112

Report of Chinese arrangements for receipt of vacated territory and preservation of order.

Oct. 5 (702)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

112

From Mukden: Entrance of Japanese into Newchwang following bandit attack.

Oct. 5 (703)

113

Oct. 5 (175)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Summary of assertions by Chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee that Japanese military planned occupation to regain popular favor in Japan and will not withdraw before October 14.

From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

Conversation with Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, who gave the impression that Japanese are awaiting word from Chinese before acting in Manchuria, that withdrawal of troops depends upon Chinese safety guarantees, and that Japanese business interests in China are suffering.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

113

Oct. 5 (707)

115

Discussion by Chiefs of Missions of Chinese request for foreign observers.

Oct. 5 (361)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

115

Reply for Acting Foreign Minister (substance printed) that the United States has already arranged for two officers to observe and report on developments.

Oct. 5 (64)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

116

Gratification over Council's obtaining consent of Japan and China to its resolution of September 30; reiteration of U. S. interest and promise to cooperate as much as possible.

587122-46—VOL. III- 2

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 5 (362)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

117

Instructions for Nanking to inform T. V. Soong and Vice
Minister Lee of attention given situation by the Department,
of its cooperation with the League so far as possible, and of
its gratification for September 30 resolution.
(Sent also to the Embassy in Japan.)

From the Consul General at Mukden

Oct. 5 (363) Oct. 5 (454)

Oct. 6 (708)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Statement by Soong (text printed) indicating that Japan is maintaining troops outside railway zone at any excuse and hopes for pretext to extend occupation, and expressing hope that United States may act to ensure withdrawal of Japanese troops.

118

Instructions for the Minister to proceed to Nanking.

118

Report of the effects of the Japanese occupation on American interests in Manchuria.

126

Oct. 6

From the American Consul General at Mukden to the Japanese
Consul General at Mukden

127

Request for adequate protection of Americans against banditry.

Oct. 6

From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to
the Chinese Legation

127

Arrival of a fleet of Japanese warships at Shanghai and report of more to come.

[blocks in formation]

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Drummond's hope for presence of more Foreign Ministers at a possible Council meeting, October 14; reference to Sze's desire to use the term "reestablishment of the status quo ante" and other demands for settling Manchurian controversy; speculation on procedure should Japan prove recalcitrant.

128

From Nanking: Report of Japanese demand that Chinese stop boycott or Japan will adopt forcible measures.

128

Oct. 7 (161)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

130

Request by Drummond for differentiation between information meant by the Department only for him and information intended for Council members.

Oct. 7

From the Vice Consul at Harbin (tel.)

132

Report from Hanson of Chinese killed and wounded and of the control of Chinese and Chinese Eastern Railway police by Japanese gendarmes.

Oct. 7

Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State

Conversation with Japanese Ambassador, who denied that Japan would retaliate for the boycott; expression of concern by the Under Secretary over increasing tenseness of the situation.

132

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

num ber

1931 Oct. 7 (723)

Oct. 7 (364)

Oct. 7 (67)

Oct. 7 (365)

Oct. 7 (724)

Oct. 8

Oct. 8

Subject

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Assertions by Soong and statement (text printed) of control in Japan by the military and its intentions in Manchuria; opinion that Japan would not oppose a firm U. S. attitude; hope for U. S. stand to bring withdrawal of troops.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Information that representations have been made to Japan concerning radio station. Instructions for Mukden to report everything pertinent and act only on instructions.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Instructions to inform Drummond of text of Department's
No. 64, October 5.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions to inform Soong that his communications are receiving careful consideration and that Department feels Japan and China should now be given an opportunity to carry out their commitments.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Report of potentialities of the situation and of danger of
some incident resulting in Japanese move in Yangtze Valley;
suggestion of pressure on Tokyo to relieve present conditions
and restore Chinese control in Manchuria.

Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
Conversation of the Secretary and the Chinese Chargé in
which Secretary stated Department's position and stressed the
fact that its action was not to take sides but to proceed along
the lines most conducive to the keeping of peace.

Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
of a Conversation With the Counselor of the British Embassy
Discussion of Chinese request for observers in Manchuria;
Counselor's opinion that his Government wanted to send
observers for its own information.

Page

134

135

136

136

136

137

139

Oct. 8 (727)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

140

Report from Hanson and Salisbury at Changchun of the fighting at Nanling and Kuanchengtze on September 19, and at Kirin-Changchun Railway powerhouse on September 30; review of resulting situations.

Oct. 8 (728)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

143

From Nanking: Information that report of Japan's intentions to land forces and bombard Nanking is taken seriously by Chinese Government; request for information.

Oct. 8 (368)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

143

Reply for Nanking that Japanese Ambassador stated it was unthinkable that Japan would bombard Nanking.

Oct. 8 (729)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

143

From Young Marshal's office: Report of bombing of Chinchow by Japanese airplanes.

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

1931 Oct. 9 (733)

Subject

Page

From the Minister in China (tel.)

144

From Mukden: Dispatch of planes to Chinchow by Japanese commander in chief with leaflets containing virtual ultimatum to Chinchow Government.

144

Oct. 9 (734)

Oct. 9 (165)

Oct. 9 (166)

Oct. 9 (70)

Oct. 9 (372)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Message from Nanking that Department's message of October 5 (telegram No. 362) was delivered to Acting Foreign Minister Lee, who seemed reassured and said he would inform the special diplomatic commission.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Request by Sze, in the light of further Japanese provocations, for a meeting of the Council prior to October 14; Drummond's hesitancy in view of conflicting reports and the lack of "neutral" information.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Drummond's proposal to send identic telegrams to Japan and China reminding them of their commitments in the hope that publicity of these will quiet Chinese public opinion; Drummond's belief that an earlier meeting of the Council will. be held and his desire for "neutral" information.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Instructions to inform Drummond that the Secretary trusts he intends to advise calling the meeting of the Council.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

144

145

146

146

Instructions to inform Nanking of Secretary's conversation with Chinese Chargé, October 8.

Oct. 9

From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the
Chinese Legation

147

Report of Japanese airplane attack on Chinchow, provincial capital since the occupation of Mukden.

Oct. 9 (167)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

147

Text of identic telegrams from the Council to China and
Japan.

Oct. 9 (179)

From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

147

Conversation with the Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, who stated that Japanese Government has addressed a note to Nanking Government in view of treatment of Japanese in China, and is dispatching two cruisers to the Yangtze.

Oct. 9 (168)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

148

Information that Council will meet on October 13, probably with Reading and Briand attending.

Oct. 9

From the Japanese Consul General at Mukden to the American
Consul General at Mukden

149

Information that Japanese military authorities have been requested to furnish adequate protection to American interests.

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