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THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

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Undated [Rec'd Oct. 20]

Oct. 20 (107)

Statement by the French Minister for Foreign Affairs
Invocation of the Kellogg Pact.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Page

262

263

Oct. 20

Oct. 20

Oct. 20 (388)

Information that attempts to divide the counsel of the powers must be expected, but that Department approves the progress and manner of negotiations.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Identic telegram (text printed) being sent by French, British, German, and American Ministers reporting interview with Chiang Kai-shek, who stated that withdrawal of troops should be expedited, that neutral observers should be present, and that Japan is playing for adjournment of the Council. Review of situation, and observation that it is nearing a crisis.

Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation

Between Gilbert and the Secretary: Gilbert's report on the apprehension felt by Briand and the others because of manner of Gilbert's withdrawal; information that Japanese have two apparently reasonable demands which they do not want publicized.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

264

266

275

Identic note (text printed) to the Chinese and Japanese
Governments invoking the Kellogg Pact.

(Sent, mutatis mutandis, to the Chargé in Japan.)

Oct. 20 (109)

Oct. 20 (111)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

276

Authorization to continue sitting in Council's open meetings in the seat assigned, but strictly as an observer.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

276

Oct. 20 (232)

Oct. 21 (192)

Oct. 21 (96)

Instructions to confine telephone calls to most urgent matters only, as Secretary desires to settle questions of policy only after due consideration.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Delay of public meeting in view of apparent amelioration of Manchurian situation; reading at private session of aidemémoire (substance printed) presenting Chinese points regarding withdrawal of troops and general settlement after withdrawal; Japanese position, with new demand for agreement upon certain points with respect to existing treaties previous to withdrawal.

From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

Delivery of identic note invoking the Kellogg Pact to Foreign Minister, who expressed appreciation for U. S. considerate attitude; information that Japanese public opinion will brook no outside interference.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

Review of Department's position concerning a U. S. representative on the Council with instructions to clarify to the Foreign Office.

276

279

280

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

1931

Subject

Page

Oct. 21

From the Consul General at Shanghai (tel.)

281

Report of further disturbances in International Settlement due to Japanese display of force and anti-Japanese feeling, but agreement by Japanese to undertake no drastic action without notifying International Settlement police.

Oct. 21 (802)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

283

Information that Japanese are evacuating Jehol and Chahar
Provinces.

Oct. 21 (234)

Oct. 21 (190)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

283

Report that Committee of Five is meeting instead of Council; Gilbert's inquiry as to whether he should attend.

From the Military Attaché in Japan to the Adjutant General of
the Army (tel.)

283

Report of visit from General Tanaka, who stated that Japanese fighting men would not permit U. S. or League interference with Japan's position in Manchuria.

Oct. 21 (113)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

284

Instructions that authorization to attend meetings does not include Committee of Five, and that no views should be expressed except under instructions.

Oct. 21 (237)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

284

Proposal that Briand state at public meeting the action taken in invoking the Pact, naming states participating; inquiry if Department desires similar U. S. statement.

Oct. 21 (114)

Oct. 21 (238)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

285

Instructions that United States should be included in the list

only.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

285

Report that news from Manchuria is more favorable and that Briand is still trying to get Japanese to modify their demands sufficiently to make them acceptable to the Chinese.

Oct. 22 (804)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

287

From Mukden: Reopening of Bureau of Finance, Liaoning Province, with Japanese supervision, and similar reorganizations.

Oct. 22 (805)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

288

From Hanson and Salisbury: Report of general situation in
Manchuria since September 18, with observations.

291

Oct. 22 (240)

Oct. 22 (98)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Meeting of the Committee of Five: Briand's report of his negotiations with Japanese, who will not accept withdrawal time limit or neutral observers; adoption of draft resolution providing that September 30 resolution be carried out and that Council adjourn until November 12.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

Opinion of the Department that recourse to an agency other than the League Council at this time would confuse the situation, and that discussion of the Nine-Power Treaty with others should be avoided.

292

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THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

T OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

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Acknowledgment by Chinese Government (text printed) of U. S. identic note, and expression of appreciation for U. S. attitude.

Oct. 22 (241)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Oct. 22 (242)

Report that Japanese insist upon their demand for settlement of certain permanent problems in Manchuria before evacuation.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Public meeting of the Council with prearranged speeches by the Japanese representative, Gilbert, and Briand; presentation of draft resolution (text printed) and desire of Japanese and Chinese representatives to make their observations on the resolution later.

293

294

295

Oct. 22 (243)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

298

Message from Japanese delegation to the Council (text printed) reporting withdrawal of troops.

Oct. 22 (116)

299

Oct. 23 (245)

Oct. 23 (812)

Oct. 23 (246)

Oct. 24 (247)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Receipt of a report (excerpt printed) that Japanese are circulating information of U. S. refusal to join in economic sanctions; instructions to inform Drummond or Briand that United States has taken no stand on action which the League may propose.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Conversation between Drummond and Yoshizawa (substance printed) concerning Japanese "fifth point" demanding Chinese fulfillment of treaty obligations regarding railways in Manchuria; Drummond's suggestion that Yoshizawa approach Sze publicly on China's attitude.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Mukden: Report of clashes between Chinese_and
Japanese forces near Tiehling and on Taonan-Angangki Rail-

way.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Statement before the Council by Chinese representative (extracts printed) accepting Council's draft resolution; Japanese counterproposal to resolution, calling for preliminary agreement on fundamental principles prior to withdrawal of troops; Chinese inability to accept counterproposal. Observation by Briand that crucial point to be cleared up was what the Japanese meant in referring to "fundamental principles." From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Discussion by the Council of Japanese explanation of "fundamental principles," and refusal of Japanese representative to divulge the details covered by the term, reserving particulars for discussion between the two countries only; observation by Briand that Council cannot include in a draft resolution a reference to "fundamental principles" the meaning of which it does not know.

587122-46—VOL. III- -3

299

301

302

307

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

1931 Oct. 24 (248)

Oct. 24 (250)

Oct. 24 (251)

Subject

From the Consul at Geneva_(tel.)

Briand's suggestion to Japanese representative that he append a reservation to the draft resolution allowing Japanese to postpone evacuation until evacuation conditions are fulfilled; Japanese refusal.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Council's rejection of Japanese counterproposal and adoption of draft resolution; expressions of gratitude for U. S. cooperation (texts printed) and U. S. response (text printed); adjournment of Council until November 16.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Page

311

312

Oct. 24 (374)

Oct. 26 (253)

Oct. 26

313

Conversation with Yoshizawa, who revealed the "fifth point" substantially the same as presented to Drummond, and explained that it had not been revealed to the Council as China would probably have suggested going before the Hague Court.

From the Chargé in Japan

314

Return of Salisbury to Tokyo, and his report of the investigation (text printed).

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

329

Communication from Chinese Government to the Council on further bombings in Manchuria.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

329

Report of Chinese gratification at League action. Minister's intention to proceed to Shanghai and to return to Nanking about November 16.

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Request for instructions on relations to be maintained and handling of military information during adjournment of the Council.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Identic report (text printed) being sent by French, British, and U. S. representatives of interview with Chiang Kai-shek, who expressed appreciation at League action and invited the three Legations to nominate observers for the transfer of evacuated areas; request for instructions.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

Instructions to inform the Minister that Department desires not to take independent initiative in nominating observers and prefers to refrain from commitment until informed of League action.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions for Mukden to inform R. C. A. representative that the question of the wireless station is under consideration, and to report present situation in regard to the station.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

330

331

331

332

Authorization for the Minister to proceed to Shanghai.

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 27 (119)

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

332

Instructions to continue contacts with Drummond and to exchange information in confidence as previously.

Oct. 27 (262)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

332

Note from Sze to Briand (text printed) declaring China's intentions of fulfilling her obligations under the Covenant and willingness to conclude an arbitration treaty with Japan.

Undated Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation

Oct. 28 (825)

With the Japanese Ambassador, October 28, 1931

Papers left by the Ambassador with the Secretary, including the following (texts printed): (1) Memorandum of essential points of Drummond's suggestion of October 20 and of Council resolution of October 24; (2) statement by Japanese Government, October 27; (3) article 6 of Chientao Agreement (1909); (4) excerpt of statement by Charles E. Hughes (1922); (5) excerpts from Peking Protocol (1905).

From the Minister in China (tel.)

333

340

Excerpt from address by Chiang Kai-shek, October 26, voicing appreciation of U. S. and League efforts and the hope for the execution of the League resolution and the restoration of friendly relations between Japan and China.

340

Oct. 28 (264)

Oct. 28 (265)

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

List of the states known to have invoked the Kellogg Pact; advice that no information is available respecting their action in making the notes public.

From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Information from Drummond that Tokyo press reports set forth new Japanese demands, leaving uncertainty as to true version of the demands; his opinion that Tokyo next will set up a puppet government in Manchuria.

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Oct. 29

Oct. 30 (122)

Request to be informed of U. S. action on China's invitation to nominate an observer, and information that Foreign Minister continues to work for a peaceful settlement of Manchurian question.

Memorandum by the Secretary of State

Call from French Ambassador, who conveyed a request from Briand that U. S. approval of the League final resolution be demonstrated at Tokyo with some publicity; Secretary's reply that he was preparing such a note but that the difficulty was in indicating clearly his general support and yet leaving Japan a way out of its position.

341

342

342

From the French Minister for Foreign Affairs to the French
Ambassador

344

Text of French request that U. S. Government's approval of League resolution be made known publicly to Japanese Government.

To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

344

Advice that U. S. position regarding Council resolution is being discussed with French Ambassador.

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