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THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

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1931 Dec. 1 (1027)

Dec. 1 (246)

Dec. 1 (824)

Dec. 1

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Information that the Military Attaché at Chinchow is being instructed to concert with other observers and keep Department informed.

From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)

Interview with Shidehara, who said that embarrassment still exists over the announcement that Japanese would not occupy Chinchow, transmittal of statements to the press (text printed) made by the Ambassador following appearance in the Japanese press of remarks attributed to the Secretary. From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Call from Matsudaira and discussion of treatment of the question of Japanese protection against bandits; Dawes' belief that the Council will satisfy the Japanese on this point.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Page

603

603

604

605

Information from Koo that the Japanese are demanding that the Chinese evacuate Chinchow territory on the grounds that Koo's tentative suggestion of November 24 was accepted by Japan as a formal proposal, Japan undertaking not to send troops into the territory except in emergency.

Dec. 1 (825)

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

606

Dec. 1 (826)

Dec. 1 (614)

Dec. 1 (827)

Dec. 2 (1030)

From Dawes: Inquiry by the Italian representative as to an Italian delegate on the commission, and assurance to him that the Department considered appointment of the commission as entirely a League matter.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report on the completion of the final text of the resolution by the Drafting Committee and consideration of text of declaration to be made by the President, the latter including a paragraph (text printed) providing for Japanese protection and a paragraph intended to assure the Chinese that the observer system instituted would be effective in emergency; presentation by Yoshizawa of an aide-mémoire (excerpt printed) pertaining to Japanese acceptance of Koo's proposal.

To the Chargé in France (tel.)

For Dawes: Advice that the bandit question should be limited to the protection of Japanese subjects and should be included in the President's statement rather than in the Council resolution, in the opinion of this Government.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report that the Twelve members of the Council formally approved and submitted to China and Japan the draft resolution (text printed); that they also approved the principal parts of the President's declaration and discussed the number and character of the members on the commission.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Military Attaché at Chinchow: Report by Chinese of Japanese withdrawal, but an observer has been unable to get through to obtain the actual facts; suggestion that Mukden might be able to ascertain facts.

607

609

609

611

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

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1931 Dec. 2 (1031)

Dec. 2 (833)

Dec. 2 (834)

Dec. 3 (1035)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Mukden: Report of Japanese reenforcements being sent to Tsitsihar, of northward movement of Chinese troops and withdrawal of Japanese across the Liao River.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of the Drafting Committee meeting at which Briand's intentions for his final declaration were outlined, and the question of membership of the commission was discussed, with decision to consult China and Japan as to their suggestions; submission by the Japanese of a revised and more conciliatory aide-mémoire (text printed) relating to the situation at Chinchow.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report that neither Japan nor China is ready to discuss question of commission membership until the settlement of the Chinchow question; discussion by the Twelve of the Chinchow question and Sze's insistence on neutral observers; Sze's intention to refer various points to his Government.

Page

612

612

614

From the Minister in China (tel.)

616

From Harbin: Arrival of foreign Military Attachés, including American, from Tokyo en route to Tsitsihar.

Dec. 3 (1037)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

616

From Colonel Margetts: Arrival of Lt. Aldrich at Liao River and his report of Japanese withdrawal except for guard duty and railway patrol.

Dec. 4 (451)

617

Dec. 4 (841)

Dec. 5 (843)

Dec. 5 (844)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions that Consul General at Mukden may bring to the attention of the Japanese Consul General the interest of R.C.A. in the radio station at Mukden and the losses incurred as result of its closure.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report that China would accept the draft resolution provided Japan did likewise, but that Japan asked to have Ito appear before the Drafting Committee to discuss Japanese reply; discussion by the Twelve of the Chinchow situation, and dispatch of a letter to Yoshizawa stating willingness to urge direct negotiations on China provided they had clarifications as to the scope of the negotiations.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Information that Sze has been advised that his Government does not agree to withdrawal of troops south of the Great Wall; that Japanese representatives have received lengthy instructions and will probably reveal Japanese position today.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Information that Japanese have taken a position opposing the linking of the commission with evacuation and insisting on recognition of Japan's right to take police measures against bandits, but that Drafting Committee has prevailed upon Ito to seek reconsideration by his delegation.

617

620

621

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

Subject

Page

1931 Dec. 5 (845)

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

Dec. 5 (846)

Dec. 5 (847)

Dec. 6 (848)

Dec. 7 (1047)

From Dawes: Transmittal of Chinese memorandum handed to the Twelve (text printed) setting forth China's inability to accept the Japanese proposal for a neutral zone at Chinchow, as the Council's action of November 26 is deemed to have settled the Chinchow question.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of Ito's appearance before the Drafting Committee with his Government's suggestions for amending the draft resolution and the President's declaration; and Committee's suggestion that Ito's delegation reconsider these points.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of meeting of the Twelve, with decision to negotiate privately on the resolution with both parties, and to make an effort to bring an agreed resolution before a final public meeting on Monday or Tuesday.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of Japanese Delegation's attitude toward the bandit question and Ito's proposal of a change of text relative to the commission; circulation of military reports indicating little change in the situation at Chinchow.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Military Attaché at Chinchow: Report of military situation at Chinchow.

Dec. 7 Memorandum by the Secretary of State

Dec. 7 (853)

Dec. 7 (854)

Dec. 7 (855)

Conversation with the Japanese Ambassador, who set forth the difficulties presented by the Chinese refusal to withdraw from Chinchow and intimated a possible Japanese advance; Secretary's suggestion that the serious consequences of such an advance be urged upon Baron Shidehara and the importance of the immediate passage of the resolution pending before the League Council.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of the Drafting Committee meeting in which changes in the resolution and declaration were suggested to Sze, principally in connection with Japanese objections to the relationship between the commission and

evacuation.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Transmittal of Japanese communication (text printed) setting forth proposed limits for the zone at Chinchow; decision of Council members to communicate to Shidehara a reply (text printed) indicating inacceptability of the terms and to make individual diplomatic representations in Tokyo against further aggravation of the situation.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report of the Twelve's discussion of Japanese communication as to the Chinchow zone, with the feeling that it indicated the intentions of the Japanese military to advance on Chinchow and to kill the resolution.

621

622

625

627

628

629

630

632

633

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

1931 Dec. 8 (856)

Dec. 8 (1052)

Dec. 8

Dec. 8 (1056)

Dec. 8

Dec. 8 (857)

Dec. 8 (858)

Dec. 8 (119)

Dec. 8 (636)

Subject

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report on developments: Tokyo's acceptance of Ito's redraft of the point linking the commission with evacuation, and Ito's presentation to Drafting Committee of a draft of a unilateral declaration by itself concerning police measures (text printed); inacceptability of both drafts, in the form submitted to the Drafting Committee, which presented a new draft on police measures (text printed) for possible inclusion in the declaration.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Information that T. V.Soong anticipated failure of negotia-
tions for a neutral zone and had telegraphed Chang Hsueh-
liang to resist in case of attack on Chinchow.

Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation
Between the Secretary and Dawes: Information from Dawes
that the resolution will probably pass with Japanese reserva-
tions; Secretary's instructions for Dawes to inform Matsu-
daira of the trend of U. S. public opinion and of the danger
that an attack on Chinchow would crystallize the belief that
Japan's effort from the beginning had been to drive the
Chinese out of Manchuria.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Margetts: Statement of observers, including Military Attaché from Tokyo, that placement of Japanese troops is as reported by Japanese headquarters and that railway at Yingkow is said to be repaired.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Recommendation that the United States decline, if asked by League members, to urge the Chinese Government to withdraw its troops from Chinchow, and opinion that Japanese are trying to accomplish through the League what they have been unable to achieve by force.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Transmittal of the resolution and the declaration (texts printed) with indication of possible changes.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report that Sze has requested instructions from his Government; discussion by the Drafting Committee as to future action, and decision to attempt to draft something which would not offend Japan but would inform public opinion as to the military position reported by the observers.

From the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

Conversation with Soong, who explained the precarious position of the National Government and stated that U. S. open support of the Government's policy of reliance on international mediation might save the Government from possible downfall.

To the Chargé in France (tel.)

For Dawes: Instructions to ascertain the possible action of the Council in the event of failure of unanimity on the resolution or of a Japanese attack on Chinchow.

Page

635

636

637

641

641

642

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648

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and

number

Subject

Page

1931 Dec. 8 (860)

Dec. 8 (861)

Dec. 8 (640)

Dec. 9 (864)

Dec. 9 (865)

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Information that the resolution will be voted upon tomorrow afternoon unless Japan or China asks for further delay for instructions, but that public meeting will be held regardless and the resolution will be made public.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Drummond's transmittal to Dawes of suggestions (text printed) as to possible U. S. action pertaining to the commission and the military information; plans of the Twelve for the public meeting and the selection of the members of the commission; disinclination of the Drafting Committee to accept the new clause regarding police measures.

To the Chargé in France (tel.)

For Dawes: Instructions to ascertain the true form in which the Koo proposal regarding Chinchow was presented to the Japanese; opinion that if there is no warrant for the Japanese attitude, Briand should combat their contention.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Drummond's explanation of the Koo proposal, with the information that Briand did initiate negotiations, but that situation has been clarified to the Japanese.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

648

649

651

652

653

From Dawes: Information that Council expects the Japanese to agree to the resolution and has considered no possible action in the event of a refusal or in the event of an advance on Chinchow.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

653

Dec. 9 (1061)

Dec. 9 (867)

Dec.
(868)

Information that the Military Attaché at Chinchow has been instructed to remain there pending developments; request for Department's approval.

From the Chargé in France (tel.)

From Dawes: Sweetser's report that Briand submitted a letter from Yoshizawa (text printed) pertaining to the fixing of the zone at Chinchow; discussion of procedure to be followed after adjournment of the Council and of possible participation by Dawes to indicate U. S. approval of the Council's action. From the Chargé in France (tel.)

654

9

656

From Dawes: Reading of text of resolution and declaration at public meeting; Japanese request for a day's delay to await instructions from Tokyo.

Dec. 9 (454)

To the Minister in China (tel.)

657

Approval of Minister's action as indicated in his telegram
No. 1061, December 9.

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Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation

Between the Secretary and Dawes: Secretary's concern over the misunderstanding regarding the Chinchow zone, and discussion relative to reopening the question; Secretary's desire to be informed whether the resolution passes.

587122-46-VOL. III- 5

657

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