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THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Dec. 26 (1129)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

706

From Harbin: Report that Ma has funds for three months and is acting under directions of Nanking although he has anxiety over expected Japanese operations.

Dec. 26 (1130)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

706

From Mukden and Chinchow: Report of clashes and
Japanese air activities.

From the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)

707

Dec. 26 (280)

Dec. 26 (278)

Dec. 29 (1146)

Dec. 29

Explanation of feeling among the Japanese military against the reported assurances that they would not attack Chinchow; request for instructions as to presenting the French Ambassador with a copy of the U. S. note.

To the Ambassador in Japan (tel.)

Instructions that French Ambassador may be given a copy of note in strict confidence.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Information from Chinchow that railway company has been
directed to assemble trains at Chinchow and the withdrawal
of Chinese troops is expected.

From the Chinese Chargé to the Chief of the Division of Far
Eastern Affairs

Transmittal of a telegram from the Chinese Ministry of
Foreign Affairs (text printed) placing upon Japan the respon-
sibility for whatever consequences may result from Japanese
insistence upon the railway administration's transporting a
number of soldiers to Tientsin, not in accordance with the
Protocol of 1901.

708

708

709

Dec. 30 (1153)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

710

Information that Chang is withdrawing from Chinchow under pressure of Japanese arguments and in view of his lack of support from Nanking.

Dec. 30 (1154)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

710

From Mukden: Report of Japanese advances and of additional troop trains leaving Mukden.

Dec. 30 (1156)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

711

Information from Chinchow of Chinese withdrawal, which is to be completed within the week; authorization to Margetts to return at his discretion.

Dec. 31

From the Consul General at Canton (tel.)

711

Information that an order for the dissolution of the National
Government at Canton is being issued.

Dec. 31 (1162)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Military Attaché at Chinchow: Information that Provisional Government will remain at Chinchow, and that the line of Japanese control is to be settled by diplomatic negotiation.

711

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

1931 Dec. 31

[blocks in formation]

1932 Jan. 1 (2)

Jan. 2 (4)

Jan. 6 (2)

From the Appointed Chinese Minister

Transmittal of a telegram from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (text printed) citing Japanese advances as violation of the Council resolution and expressing the hope that the United States will take effective measures to prevent the aggravation of the present situation.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Military Attaché at Chinchow: Report of confusion incident to Chinese withdrawal and of Japanese occupation of Kowpangtze.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Account of the reorganization of the Government, with the President of the Executive Yuan as virtual Prime Minister responsible to the Central Executive Committee of the party; preponderance of men from the Southern provinces; diminishing of prospects for a successful coalition government due to the absence of Chiang, Soong and others. From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Transmittal of note from the Chinese delegation to the President of the Council (text printed) setting forth Japan's violation of the Council's resolution of December 10 and requesting the Council's adoption of effective measures to deal with the situation; covering letter from Berthelot (text printed) advising of representations made by the French and other Governments.

711

713

713

714

CHINA

NEGOTIATIONS FOR RELINQUISHMENT BY THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS OF EXTRATERRITORIAL RIGHTS IN CHINA

1931 Jan. 2 (3)

From the Chargé in Great Britain (tel.)

Jan. 13 (14)

Jan. 19 (16)

Foreign Office expression of appreciation for U. S. views as set forth in telegram No. 334, December 31, 1930, to the Ambassador in Great Britain; British opinion that with the gradual cessation of civil war in China, the demand for abolition of extraterritoriality would unite all factions and might result in anti-foreign boycott unless foreign governments make some gesture to meet the situation.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Advice that the Department believes prompt action and the offer of some concessions desirable; information that a new draft of agreement covering relinquishment of extraterritorial rights will be ready shortly and that the British Government may submit new proposals at the same time.

To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

Instructions to request Foreign Office views on Department's new draft proposals (being sent by mail); outline of principal changes in this draft as compared with draft of October 28, 1930.

716

717

719

CHINA

NEGOTIATIONS FOR RELINQUISHMENT BY THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS OF EXTRATERRITORIAL RIGHTS IN CHINA-Continued

Date and number

1931 Jan. 21 (35)

Jan. 27 (30)

Jan. 29 (46)

Jan. 30 (30)

Subject

Page

From the Minister in China (tel.)

721

Outline of points that should be insisted upon in any settlement of the extraterritoriality question.

From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

Foreign Office expectation that it can accept all of the Department's amendments as set forth in telegram No. 16, January 19.

722

From the Minister in China (tel.)

723

Comments of the British Chargé on the new U. S. draft proposals.

To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

724

Feb. 3 (34)

Feb. 7

Feb. 7

Feb. 10 (35)

Feb. 10 (44)

Instructions to inform the British Foreign Office of the Department's intentions to resume the discussion of extraterritoriality with the Chinese Minister, using the new proposals previously outlined as a basis therefor.

From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

Account of conference with Foreign Office experts, who expressed preference for gradual yielding by foreign governments rather than for such full acquiescence to Chinese claims as set forth in American proposals; summary of conversation (text printed) giving viewpoints approved by Foreign Office experts.

To the Chinese Legation

Statement read and handed to the Chinese Minister, containing observations on various points with a view to adjusting the differences between the American and Chinese proposals. Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs Oral statement to the Chinese Minister (text printed) pointing out that the internal problems of China must be taken into account by foreign governments in regard to the position of their nationals in China, and that the United States cannot assent to any arrangement failing to safeguard the interests of its nationals.

To the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

Outline of the written and oral statements made to the
Chinese Minister, with instructions to give to the Foreign
Office the text of the former, explaining that it is to be con-
sidered a statement from one negotiator to another.

To the Minister in China (tel.)

724

726

730

732

733

Information on present status of extraterritoriality negotiations, and instructions to go to Nanking after the British Minister's arrival there.

Feb. 20

Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State

733

Conversation with the Chinese Minister, who presented a memorandum (printed infra).

Feb. 20

From the Chinese Legation

734

Statement by the Chinese Minister regarding main points on which U. S. and Chinese Governments differ.

CHINA

NEGOTIATIONS for RelinquiSHMENT BY THe United States and Other POWERS OF EXTRATERritorial RiGHTS IN CHINA-Continued

Date and number

1931 Feb. 26 (67)

Feb. 27

Mar. 3 (5)

Mar. 3

Mar. 4 (6)

Mar. 4 (101)

Mar. 7 (65)

Mar. 7

Mar. 8

Subject

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Transmittal of the Chinese statement, and observation that the Department's best contribution at present will be temporarily to suspend its efforts and await developments; instructions to inform the British Minister and to ascertain, if possible, what the British Minister intends to propose, if anything. (Footnote: Similar information to the Embassy in Great Britain for communication to British Foreign Office.) Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Norwegian Minister

Minister's advice that the Norwegian Government had officially informed the Chinese that when the Great Powers gave up extraterritorial rights, Norway would follow suit.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

For the Minister: Instructions to reiterate to the British Minister, Sir Miles Lampson, that this Government is taking no new step for the moment; also to impress upon the Chinese Foreign Minister, Wang, the desirability of modifying his nonconciliatory attitude, and to inquire, if advisable, what his attitude would be toward a proposal to transfer the negotiations to Nanking.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

Information that the Japanese Chargé has received word that the Department has decided to drop negotiations at Washington and transfer them to China.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

For the Minister: Advice that Debuchi (Japanese Minister in Washington) was told in strict confidence of the possibility of transferring negotiations, and that the Department is awaiting comment on Wang's attitude before taking further action.

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Yunnanfu: Receipt of a communication from the
Yunnan delegate of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (text
printed) advising that mixed cases will be treated the same as
Chinese cases.

From the British Embassy

Transmittal of substance of instructions issued to Lampson (text printed) outlining points to which the British Government attach the greatest importance and for which they are prepared to relinquish others.

Memorandum by the Minister in China

Conversation with Dr. Wang, who was informed that the British and American Governments held in common the view that extraterritoriality should not be swept away all at once and without substitution of a better arrangement; observation by Dr. Wang that his Government could not make any concessions in regard to certain points and that a deadlock would result.

Memorandum by the Minister in China

Conversation with the British Minister, who related a conversation with Dr. Wang in which he was informed that the Chinese Government could make no concessions regarding the fundamental principles asked by the British.

Page

736

737

738

739

740

740

741

743

744

CHINA

NEGOTIATIONS for RelinquISHMENT BY THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS OF EXTRATERRITORIAL RIGHTS IN CHINA-Continued

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Mar. 9

Mar. 9

Undated [Rec'd Mar. 9

Mar. 9 (92)

Mar. 11

Mar. 11

Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State of a Conversa-
tion With the Japanese Ambassador

Information from the Japanese Ambassador that Japan is
planning to begin extraterritoriality negotiations with China,
pressing for gradual abolition, and hoping to work closely
with Great Britain and the United States.

Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs
of a Conversation With the Counselor of the Japanese Em-
bassy

Counselor's delivery of Japanese memorandum (printed
infra), with explanation that it contained proposals which
Japan intended to make to Chinese Government.

From the Japanese Embassy

Memorandum proposing a gradual relinquishment of extraterritorial rights in China and most-favored-nation treatment. To the Minister in China (tel.)

Comment on the discussion of the question of extraterritori-
ality by the Consul at Yunnanfu with the Chinese authorities;
instructions to advise American consular officers in China not
to enter into discussion of extraterritoriality with Chinese
authorities unless specific cases arise which necessitate such
action.

Memorandum by Mr. Joseph E. Jacobs of the Division of Far
Eastern Affairs

Conversation with the Chinese Minister concerning a reply
to the Chinese statement of February 20; Department's posi-
tion that in view of the restricted nature of the Minister's in-
structions, its only reply can be that contained in a statement
(printed infra) which was handed to the Minister.

To the Chinese Legation

Statement to the Chinese Minister advising that the Department is instructing the American Minister in China to undertake discussions with the Chinese Foreign Minister.

Mar. 12 Memorandum by the Minister in China

Page

745

746

747

748

749

751

751

Conversation with Dr. Wang, who could see no value in transferring the negotiations to China unless United States was prepared to concede the three controversial points. Mar. 13 Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State

753

Mar. 14 (131)

Mar. 14 (12)

Conversation with the British Ambassador, who outlined a discussion between Sir Miles Lampson and Dr. Wang in China, indicating little progress; discussion of the exact application of the term "international settlement" concerning Shanghai. From the Minister in China (tel.)

Observation that the informal inquiries, made by the Consul at Yunnan in an effort to obtain information requested by the Department, may be revealing as to the exact nature of instructions from Nanking for Chinese control over foreigners having extraterritorial rights.

To the Consul General at Nanking (tel.)

For the Minister: Outline for proceeding with the negotiations in China, with instructions to discuss the plan of action with British Minister.

754

755

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