CHAPTER XI.

DIVINES.

An important part of the career of BISHOP JOHN JEWELL connects him with Broadgates. When the President of Corpus Christi boasted that his foundation alone had kept its treasury and ornaments entire, he received the reply, 'You have done so indeed; but you have wilfully lost one Jewell and great treasure far more precious than any of them.' Fuller says1:

'On his refusal to be present at mass and other popish solemnities, he was driven out of the College and retired himself to Broadgates-Hall, where he continued for a time in great danger. . . . As for Mr. Jewel he continued some weeks in Broadgates-Hall, whither his scholars 2 repaired unto him, whom he constantly instructed in learning and religion. . . . He had not lived long in Broadgates Hall, when by the violence of the popish inquisitors being assaulted, on a sudden, to subscribe, he took a pen in his hand and, smiling, said, “Have you a mind to see how well I can write?" and thereupon underwrit their opinions. Thus the most orient Jewel on earth hath some flaws therein.'

The Principal of Broadgates, Randolph, was a friend of Jewell's, and he continued to lecture there, but no longer publicly. In Lawrence Humphrey's Joannis Juelli Angli Vita (p. 77) he tells us :

'Ex hoc Collegio detrusus Iuellus primum exulavit quasi in Aula Lateportesi, in qua privatim more suo quosdam instituit, et multos sane auditores velut Magnes attraxit: nam ut alii complures assectabantur, sic Discipuli, praeceptore fugato, amplius in Collegio manendum sibi non existimabant . . . Aequo diutius Oxoniae haerens, novis legatis haereticae pravitatis Inquisitoribus derepente superveniĕtibus, consensum in fide Romana ab omnibus subito et severe exigentibus, ac contra recu

1 Church History, viii. 10-15.

2

Among others Roger Prynne and Edward Anne. The latter had been whipt in the hall of Corpus for writing doggerel against the Mass, a lash for every verse. He afterwards became a fellow of All Souls. As Jewell by papists, so Hooker was driven from Corpus by puritans.

JEWELL AT BROADGATES.

127

santes dira fulmina Papaliter ejaculantibus, tandem in arcta angustumq; conclusus: Quid, inquit, subridens, An me quoq; scribere necesse est? et meam manum videre volupe est? et cordi vobis est periculum facere quam eleganter sciam pingere litteras? Ita praefatus, invita et properante manu nomen scripsit, et Chirographo suo visus est certa Papisticae doctrinae capita hoc modo comprobare. Sic, proh dolor, Petrus in aula Põtificis aliquanto lõgius et plus satis se ad igne calefaciens Christu negavit' (p. 84).

The place where the subscription took place was St. Mary's. Fuller speaks of Jewell's residence at Broadgates as extending over 'some weeks,' but after a visit to London he returned to Oxford, and there lingered and waited.' It was soon after Mary's accession, in July, 1553, that he migrated to Broadgates. On Jan. 24, 155 ('Pridie Pauli '), Jewell dates a letter to Parkhurst, ' E Latis Portis, ubi exul aetatem1 ago, et Randolphus mecum una, misere uterque, sed melius fortasse quam illi volebant quibus hoc molestum est quod vivimus.' In April, 1554, Jewell acted as notary to Cranmer and Ridley in their Oxford disputation. His recantation probably took place in October. After his flight from Broadgates, he reached Frankfurt, March 13, 1551. The account given in the Life prefixed to the 1611 edition of Jewell's Works is as follows:-

'After his expulsion hee staied himselfe a while at Brodegates Hall, where fame of his learning drew many scholars unto him.' The University however chose him 'in this shipwracke of his estate to be her Oratour. In whose name he curiously penned a gratulatory letter to Queene Mary, whose promise not altogether to change the Religion 'stayed Jewel so long in Oxford till the Inquisition caught him.... Howbeit, this subscribing, as it much obscured the glorie of his persecutions, so it nothing procured his safetie; because his familiar conversing with Peter Martyr was euidence enough against him; and D. Martial Deane of Christs Church had certainly caught him in a snare laied for him, had he not by the speciall providence of God gone that verie night when hee was sought for a wrong way to London, and so escaped their hands.... I would most willingly have laid my finger upon this foule scarre, but the truth of love must not prejudice love of truth....Jewel almost assoone as he came to Frankford made an excellent sermon, and in the end of it openly confessed his fall in these words: It was my abject and cowardly minde and faint heart that made my weake hand to commit this wickednesse. Which when he had brought forth with a gale of sighs from the bottome of the anguish of his soule, and had made humble supplication for pardon, first to Almighty God, whom he had offended, and afterwards to the Church, which he had scandalized; no man was found in that great Congregation who was not prickt with compunction and wounded

1 'Aestatem' in the Parker Society's edition of Jewell's Works.

128

BISHOPS BLETHYN AND PHILLIPS.

with compassion; or who embraced him not even after that sermon as a most deare brother, nay, as an Angell of God.'

Among others who fled overseas in Mary's first year was RICHARD TREMAYNE, a Devonian (B.A. from Broadgates 1548). He was a noted preacher and had just been chosen fellow of Exeter. On Elizabeth's accession he became archdeacon of Chichester, and sate in the Convocation that established the Articles, being then canon and treasurer of Exeter cathedral. In 1565 he is described as of Broadgates Hall. He married Joan, daughter of Sir Peter Courtenay, and died in November, 1584.

The last Bishop on whom Parker laid hands (April 17, 1575) was WILLIAM BLETHYN, whom he had recommended to the Queen, as a Welshman and well qualified, for the long vacant see of Llandaff'. The archbishop dispensed him to hold the archdeaconry of Brecknock and other preferments, not exceeding £108 in worth, with his meagre bishoprick. Dying October, 1590, he was buried in the chancel of Matherne church, Monmouthshire, where the prelates of Llandaff had a seat. Blethyn had studied civil law 'in New Inn or Broadgates Hall, or in both.' B.C.L. Nov. 14, 1562. He was presented to the vicarage of Brampford Speke, Devon, in 1564, and to the parsonage of Twing, Yorkshire, in 1565.

Another Welshman, BISHOP JOHN PHILLIPS (1555-1633), who gave the Manxmen the Bible and Prayer-book in their own tongue, was first at St. Mary Hall, whence he took B.A. 1579; M.A. 1584; but this last degree he completed from Broadgates at an Act celebrated July 10, 1584.

After being preferred to several cures in Yorkshire, he became archdeacon of Man 1587 and of Cleveland 1601, and chaplain to Henry, Earl of Derby, King of Man. He succeeded Lloyd as bishop there 1605 2, retaining most of his preferments in commendam, the income of the see being not more than £140. The same year saw him rector of Hawarden. Phillips lived among his flock and was an exemplary Father in God. He obliged the clergy to preach, made parish registers obligatory, reduced to writing the orally transmitted canons of the island, and by 1610 had finished the Mannish Book of Common Prayer. It was not popular with the clergy, who were accustomed to extemporize. The governor too, John Ireland, was a puritan, and thwarted the bishop's endeavours to revive decency of worship. One of the latter's first acts was to commit to prison one who had disobeyed his warning that no man should irreverently lean or rest on the Comunion Table.' He now complained that Ireland had 'placed a layman in the chaplain's place to read service to the garrison in scandalous manner, vizt. in his doblett and hose, and 1 Strype, Life of Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 421; Ath. Ox.

2 Wood however says about 1614,' and is uncertain who was Lloyd's

successor.

OXFORD WRITERS.

129

sometime in his livery coat.' Also that 'the Bishop being the cheef competent spirituall judge... Mr. Lievtennante will take all appeales to himself and sendeth forth his prohibition.' He 'threateneth to fine any that will call me Lord Bishop.' The governor had also taken on him to issue dispensations to eat flesh in Lent. Phillips had to give up the project of printing his translation, and it remained while he lived in MS. Governor Chaloner (1658) averred that the bishop devoted twenty-nine years' labour to a rendering of the Holy Scriptures into Manx; he himself gave to 'Sir' Hugh Cannell, vicar of Kirk Michael, £14 addition to his stipend for that he had been assistant to the late reverend father in God John Phillipps, Bishopp of this isle, in translatinge of the Bible.' So à Wood states that 'the said Joh. Philipps translated the Bible into the Manks tongue.' But it is lost, and even Bishop Wilson knew nothing of it. The Manx Prayer Book has lately been reprinted. Prof. Rhŷs testifies to the rapid extinction of this interesting tongue under the present educational system. Bishop Phillips died Aug. 7, 1633, and was buried in St. German's Cathedral. The site is unknown.

The following are mentioned by Wood among' Oxford Writers' :

:

Dr. JOHN MILWARDE1, matric. Nov. 23, 1581, at Christ Church; M.A. from Broadgates, June 22, 1584. He was chaplain to James I, and author of Jacob's Great Day of Trouble and Deliverance, preached at St. Paul's Cross, 1607, 'upon his Maj. deliverance from Gowries treasons.'-JOHN HUDSON, M.A. 1575, canon of Chichester, with other preferments author of a Sermon at Paul's Cross, 1584.-WILLIAM CLARKSON, 'Student in Physick,' M.D. 1590, Fellow of the College of Physicians 1592.—SIMON PRESSE, matric. April 28, 1580, B.A. March 18, 1582, vicar of Down Ampney, rector of Egginton, author of a Sermon concerning the Right Use of Things Indifferent.- HANNIBAL GAMON, matric. Oct. 12, 1599, M.A. 1606, minister of St. Mawgan, Cornwall, 1619, and one of the Assembly of Divines 1643.-THOMAS PRIOR, matric. Jan. 20, 1603, M.A. 1611, canon of Gloucester. Died 1632.-JAMES MARTIN, M.A. 1611, a German; wrote against Baronius. — JOHN FLAVELL, matric. Oct. 11, 1583, aet. fourteen, M.A. 1591, B. and D.D. 1616, rector of Tallaton, Devon, and a dignitary.-HENRY WElstede, matric. Nov. 14, 1606, M.A. 1613, who held several cures. He wrote the Cure of a Hard Heart.-BENJAMIN COX, anabaptist and covenanter, B.A. 1613.-RICHARD GARDINER, matric. Oct. 28, 1604, M.A. 1611, rector of Croft 1618, licensed to practise medicine 1621.- JOHN GUMBLEDON, matric. June 18, 1618, as bateller, M.A. 1624, B.D. 1632, parliamentarian, chaplain to Robert Earl of Leycester, and preacher at Longworth, Berks, rector of Coyty and other cures in Glamorganshire.— SAMUEL EATON, who matric. April 16, 1602, aged seventeen, may be the same, à Wood thinks, as a Puritan of that name, who, being suspended in 1631, emigrated to Holland and thence to New England; but,

'A John Milward entered Pembroke in 1671; perhaps buried in Westminster Abbey.

K

130

A LAWYER-ASCETIC.

returning, took the Covenant and 'became a most pestilent leading Person in the trade of Faction in Cheshire and Lancashire.' Having 'feathered his Neast' in one or two cures, he was ejected at the Restoration, ‘yet he carried on the trade of Conventicling in private, and was thereupon brought several times into trouble and imprison'd.' He died at Manchester in 1664, aged, Calamy says, sixty-eight. We are probably dealing therefore with two kinsmen, both sons of a Cheshire clergyman. (See Foster's Alumni.)

Of the seminary clergy who risked their necks in Elizabeth's reign, one was SABIN CHAMBERS, a Leicestershire man (matr. June 13, 1580, M.A. 1583), who when at Oxford had the vogue of a good disputant.'

Being dissatisfied with the Reformed teaching he entered the Society of Jesus, in Paris, in 1588, aged about thirty. Afterwards he had a chair of Divinity in the University of Doll, and at length was sent into the Mission of England, to labour in the Harvest there.' The only work of his known to à Wood was The Garden of the Virgin Mary, St. Omer, 1619. He died in March 163.

A more remarkable man was 'the most holy and seraphical father,' DAVID (in religion AUGUSTINE) BAKER, nephew to Dr. David Lewes, Admiralty judge. Born Dec. 9, 1575', he passed from Christ's Hospital to Broadgates Hall, of which he became a commoner March 28, 1590.

Leaving without a degree, he pursued his legal studies at the Inner (not Middle) Temple (1597), and was thought qualified to be made Recorder of Abergavenny. At Oxford and in London he had followed loose courses and professed atheism. Led away by sin, he gave up all practices of religion. "Yet there remained in him a natural modesty whereby he was restrained from a scandalous impudence in sin."' A marvellous escape from drowning, while at Abergavenny, turned the course of his life, and filled him with horror of the past. Some Romanist books of devotion which greatly moved him led Baker to join the renewed congregation of Benedictines in London, and in 1605 he went to Italy to take the habit. Returning home he found his father, William Baker, steward to Lord Abergavenny, on his deathbed, and received him into the communion of Rome. His transparent devotion of life and great powers of intellect gave him much influence among English Romanists, passing as he did from one house to another, usually in the disguise of a lawyer. Some time after King Charles' accession Baker became spiritual director of the English Benedictine nuns at Cambray, employing his time in making collections for an ecclesiastical history of England, in which work

1 Wood MS. B. 4, however, is 'An account of the life of the venerable father Augustin Baker, monk of the English congregation of S. Benedict, who died in England upon the 9th of Aug. anno Domini 1641, aetatis suae 63: his happy soul rest in peace. Amen.' He was sixty-six.