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CHANNEL ISLANDERS.

one of the present clergy in the four Isles has been on either of the foundations. From another point of view it has been doubted by Mr. F. Brock Tupper, in his History of Guernsey, 'whether they have really benefited these islands, as from their commencement they have been a source of intrigue, partiality, and litigation.' Nevertheless the Channel Island foundations did their work. Among eminent men in recent times who have been educated in the Islands may be named the present Vice-Chancellor (Dr. Magrath), Archdeacon Denison, Mr. Walter Wren, Sir Peter Renouf, Field Marshal Sir Linton Symons, and Bishop Corfe.

Lequesne (History of Jersey, p. 176) observes:

'Owing to the vague wording of the grant, there has occasionally been a disagreement between the Islands, as to the right of nomination to [the King Charles] fellowships. To obviate this difficulty, the rule laid down in 1804 by the late Duke of Portland, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, was, "that the Island which had simultaneously enjoyed two fellowships should next enjoy but one, without any reference to the number of individuals who might have been elected fellows." It prevented the possibility of one Island enjoying the three fellowships at once. "Thus," adds the Rev. Ed. Durell, "from 1790 to 1820 Jersey enjoyed two fellowships and had but two fellows elected; whereas Guernsey had but one, the Pembroke College Fellowship, into which about half a dozen Guernsey men were successively elected." In the reign of King Charles II, Bishop Morley, "taking into his serious consideration that the inhabitants of these Islands have not the advantages and encouragement for the education of their children, which on their behalf are desirable, and which others of his Majesty's subjects do enjoy, founded five scholarships in Pembroke College.... They have been productive of the singular advantage of having brought forward many individuals who have done honour to the island by their learning, their virtue, and their talents. Among these are the names of Drs. Brevint, John and David Durell, Dumaresq, Bandinel, and John and Edward Dupré."'

Deans Brevint and Durell however were not at Pembroke. The former (M.A. at Saumur) was the first King Charles Fellow at Jesus College. His son (?), DANIEL BREVINT, entered Pembroke in 1655. Two Pembroke DUPRÉS, Edward and Michael, like D'Auvergne, were Jersey rectors and military chaplains. Michael and John Dupré went from Pembroke to Exeter fellowships.

entered Pembroke 1709), complains of this 'abuse, and contradiction to the will of the Royal Founder.' For this foundation consult the Rev. C. W. Boase's Exeter College, O. H. S., p. cxiv. n, and p. cxxi.

CHAPTER XXII.

OTHER BENEFACTIONS.

Ir will be convenient to add here a list of the other benefactors of the College:

The first of those, after the Founders, who gave us wherewith to scholay' was JULIANA, wife of Alexander, STAFFORD, of High Holborn, gentleman, who, by her will, dated Feb. 6, 162, devised lands in the parish of Harlew, Essex, in trust for a yearly payment of £5 to each of four poor Scholars of St. Katherine Hall in Cambridge, and the same to either of two poor Scholars of Pembroke College, in Oxford, all of whom were to study divinity and carry themselves soberly and religiously; to be nominated respectively by the Master of Katherine Hall and the Chief Governor of Pembroke College; the Scholarships to be held during residence and until M.A. This fund is now amalgamated with Mr. Oades' benefaction for poor Scholars of the College.

Three Scholarships were founded by a member of the College, of whom some account must be given-FRANCIS ROUS, called in his day 'Lord Rous.' Wood gives the following account of him in the Athenae (ii. 147):

'Francis Rous, a younger son of Sir Anth. Rous Knight, by Elizab: his first wife daugh: of Tho: Southcote Gent. was born at Halton [otherwise Lanrake] in Cornwall, and at 12 years of age became a Commoner of Broadgates Hall, an. 1591', where continuing under a constant and severe discipline, took the degree of Bach: of Arts; which degree being compleated by Determination, he went afterwards, as it seems, to the Inns of Court, tho some there be that would needs persuade me that he took holy orders, and became Minister of Saltash in his own Country 2. Howsoever it is, sure I am, that he being esteemed a man of parts and to be solely devoted to the puritanical Party, he was elected by the men of Truro in his own Country to serve in Parliaments held in the latter end

He entered with his elder brothers, Richard and Robert, July 6, 1593. Noble says, B.A. 1591.

* This was another Francis Rous, father of the author of Archaeologiae Atticae. Saltash is near Halton.

292

BENEFACTORS: SPEAKER ROUS.

of K. James, and in the Reign of K. Ch: I. In 1640 also he was elected again for that Corporation to serve in that unhappy Parliament which began at Westminster 3 Nov, wherein, seeing how violently the Members thereof proceeded, he put in for one, and shew'd himself with great zeal an Enemy to the Bishops' Prerogative, and what not, to gain the Populacy, a Name, and some hopes of Wealth which was dear unto him. In 1643 he forwarded and took the Covenant, was chosen one of the Assembly of Divines and for the Zeal he had for the holy cause, he was by authority of Parliament made Provost of Eaton Coll: near Windsore the same year [1643-1658] in the place of Dr Rich: Steuart who then followed, and adhered to, his sacred Majesty. In the said Parliament he afterwards shew'd himself so active, that he eagerly helped to change the Government into a Commonwealth, and to destroy the negative voice in the King and Lords. In 1653 he was by the Authority of Ol. Cromwell nominated a Member of the Little Parliament that began to sit at Westm: 4 July, and was thereupon elected the Speaker, but with a collateral Vote that he should continue in the Chair no longer than for a month, and in Decemb. the same year he was nominated one of Olivers Council. But when the good things came to be done, which were solemnly declared for, (for the not doing of which the Long Parliament was dissolved) He as an old bottle, being not fit to leave that new wine, without putting it to the question, he left the Chair, and went with his Fellow old bottles to Whitehall, to surrender their Power to General Cromwell, which he, as Speaker, and they by signing a Parchment or Paper, pretended to do. The colourable foundation for this Apostasie, upon the monarchical foundation, being thus laid, and the General himself (as Protector) seated thereon, he became one of his Council, and trusted with many matters, as being appointed in the latter end of the same year the first and prime Tryer or Approver of publick Preachers' and the year after a Commissioner for the County of Cornwall, for the Ejection of such whom they then called scandalous and ignorant Ministers and Schoolmasters. Afterwards he sate in the following Parliaments under Oliver, and being an aged and venerable man, was accounted worthy to be taken out of the H. of Commons, to have a negative voice in the other house, that is House of Lords, over all that should question him for what he had done, and over all the people of the Land besides, tho he would not suffer it in the King and Lords. This person who was usually stiled by the Loyal Party the old illiterate Jew of Eaton and another Proteus, hath divers things (especially of Divinity) extant, wherein much enthusiastical Canting is used... Our Author Rous gave way to fate at Acton near London on the seventh day of January in sixteen hundred fifty and eight, and was buried in Eaton Coll: Church, near to the entrance of that Chappel joyning thereunto, formerly built by Rog: Lupton, Provost of the said College. Soon

1 The Inquisitio Anglicana' (as it was called) of the Triers ousted such clergy as were unable to show what work of grace had been wrought in their souls, and declare the day and hour of their call by the Spirit. One poor man was kept thus under examination for seven weeks. One of Rous's coadjutors in this sifting process was the loose-lived mountebank, Hugh Peters.

BENEFACTORS: SPEAKER ROUS.

293

after were hanged up, over his grave, a Standard, Pennon, &c. and other Ensigns relating to Barons, containing in them the arms of the several matches of his Family. All which continuing there till 1661 were then pulled down with scorn by the loyal Provost and Fellows, and thrown aside as tokens and badges of damn'd baseness and rebellion. Those of his Party did declare openly to the World at his death that "he needed no monument besides his own printed works and the memorials of his last will, to convey his name to posterity. And that the other works of his life, were works of charity, wherein he was most exemplary, as the poor in many parts would after the loss of him tell you," &c. The Poet of Broadgates called Ch. Fitz Geffry did celebrate his memory while he was of that house, and after his death Pembroke College did the like for his benefaction to the members thereof.'

'Mr Rous, Esqu. of Essex' is mentioned in John Rous's Diary as answering in 1626 Montagu's Appello Caesarem. Neal also calls him 'Esquire,' and on his picture at Pembroke, which shows him, aged 77, in gown and broad band, he is styled 'armiger.' A certain number of laymen sate with the Westminster Divines1. Soon after obtaining the provosty of Eton, Rous, who appears not to have proceeded beyond B.A., nearly lost it by the operation of the Self-denying Ordinance; but an exception was made by the Commons in his favour. Clement Walker, reckoning the preferment bestowed by the Godly among the Independents, says 'Mr Rouse hath Eaton college worth 800l. per annum, and a lease of that college worth 600l. per. ann.' He substituted the Directory for the Common Prayer for the scholars' use. Mr. Lyte gives his 'Rules for the Schollers.' The old trees in the Playing Fields are said to be of Rous's planting. He enjoyed an opinion, Clarendon says, of some knowledge in the Latin and Greek tongues, but was 'of a very mean understanding.' Chalmers remarks, 'Lord Clarendon and his contemporaries undervalue his abilities, which certainly did not appear to much advantage in parliament, where his speeches were rude, vulgar and enthusiastic, both in style and sentiment, yet perhaps none the worse adapted to the understanding of his hearers.' Rous represented not only Truro but Tregony, Devonshire, and Cornwall. He certainly played a directing part in the events of that stormy time. In Revolutions it is commonly second-rate men who come to the front. Rous meditated modelling the Commonwealth after the pattern of the Jewish theocracy, and only when he found an assembly of ignorant and vulgar men unequal to this task did he propose to Barebone's Parliament to resign the sovereignty into the hands of Cromwell, whom he regarded as Moses and Joshua in one. It was said that Cromwell 'could not well do less than make that gentleman a Lord who had made him a Prince.' There is a portrait of Rous at Eton in his robes as Speaker.

1 Selden, who had a seat in the Assembly, says: "There must be some laymen in the Synod to overlook the clergy, lest they spoil the civil work, just as, when the good woman puts a cat into the milkhouse to kill a mouse, she sends her maid to look after the cat, lest the cat should eat up the cream.' Whitelocke and Oliver St. John were of the number.

294

BENEFACTORS: SPEAKER ROUS.

Bramston says (Autobiography), 'The Speaker, Old Rous, and the rest juggling togeather by an instrument delivered up the gouernment to Crumwell.' 'Thoroughly engaged in the guilt of the times,' is Clarendon's summary verdict. Rous's rude translation of the Psalmes of David into English Meeter' was substituted by the House of Commons, Nov. 4, 1645, for the exquisite Psalter of Cranmer, and, with the Paraphrases and Barton's version, was long the sole spiritual hymnody of the presbyterians, who still use it. The Long Parliament had been petitioned to help the minister against the people who doe interrupt him when he readeth the Psalmes, by taking every other verse out of his mouth, with a hackering confused noise.' His Works were printed in 1657, with an engraving 'by the curious hand of Will. Faithorne' from the Pembroke picture. This folio is called 'Treatises and Meditations dedicated to the Saints and to the Excellent throughout the three Nations.' It includes the Art of Happiness (1619), The Diseases of the Times(1622), Oyl of Scorpions (1623), Testis Veritatis (1626), Catholike Charity (1641, complaining of Roman intolerance), The Great Oracle, The Mystical Marriage (1653), &c. Besides the Works, are his parliamentary speeches, Mella Patrum, the patristic writings of the first three centuries, (1650), and Interiora regni Dei (printed after the Restoration, in 1665). Hearne also mentions 'The lawfullness of obeying y Present Government—1649, 4to-The Author Fr. Rouse, Provost (sed contra jus fasque) of Eaton Coll., Who was Author likewise of The Bounds and Bonds of Publick Obedience. Lond. 1649, 4to.' (Collections, O. H. S., i. 78.)

The following extract from a parliamentary speech may be given as a specimen of Rous's style :—

'I desire it may be considered how the sea of Rome doth eat into our religion and fret into the very banks and walls of it, the laws and statutes of this realm. I desire we may consider the increase of Arminianism, an error that makes the grace of God lackey after the will of man. I desire we may look into the belly and bowels of this Trojan horse, to see if there be not men in it ready to open the gates to Romish tyranny, for an Arminian is the spawn of a Papist. And if the warmth of favour comes upon him, you shall see him turn into one of those frogs that rose out of the bottomless pit. These men having kindled a fire in our neighbouring country, are now endeavouring to set this kingdom in a flame.' (Neal, History of the Puritans.) It was this speech, and one of Pym's, which determined the Commons to reply by their Vow to the Declaration prefixed by King Charles and Laud to the Articles. In the Heavenly University (1638), Rous allows the New Man to employ pagan learning, as a Gibeonite, to cleave wood and draw water for his service in the Sanctuary. Only, 'Whatsoever time thou bestow'st in Study be sure to set apart some time wherein to study the Holy Ghost; who. sitting in his Chair of Grace, teacheth his Scholars inwardly to see those Divine and Heavenly Truths which may advance thee in the way to Heavenly Glory.' The book is pious and quakerish rather than Calvinistic-troubled consciences exceedingly quake and tremble at the