Just what the relative State and Federal participation and their responsibility should be, I doubt if I could say. I do not hesitate in repeating the statement I made a few moments ago, that there is not a single State station today but what is confronted with more real problems than it can meet.

Mr. CANNON. No supplementive legislation has been suggested?

FEDERAL AND STATE CONTRIBUTIONS TO EXPERIMENT STATIONS

Mr. JARDINE. Not to my knowledge. I might add this: We usually give to the committee and have it ready if you desire, the contributions by States to the support of these stations from all funds designated as State sources. There has been some reduction. since 1931. At the maximum, the States contributed $3, approximately, to each $1 of Federal funds. In the past year, closing June 30, 1934, the contribution from the States averaged about $2.20 to each $1 of Federal funds.

(The table referred to is as follows:)

Income of State agricultural experiment stations from Federal funds, Hatch, Adams, and Purnell Acts and State funds 1 for fiscal year 1934

1 State funds include resources from within the State, consisting of State appropriations and income from fees, sales, and miscellaneous sources.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES OF ADMINISTERING

EXPERIMENT STATIONS

Mr. SANDLIN. We will take up the next item:

AGRICULTURAL

To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to enforce the provisions of the Acts approved March 2, 1887 (U. S. C., title 7, secs. 362, 363, 365, 368, 377-379), March 16, 1906 (U. S. C., title 7, secs. 369, 375), February 24, 1925 (U. S. C., title 7, secs. 361, 366, 370, 371, 373-376, 380, 382), May 16, 1928 (U. S. C., Supp. VII, title 7, secs. 386-386b), February 23, 1929 (U. S. C., Supp. VII, title 7, sec. 386c), and March 4, 1931 (U. S. C., Supp. VII, title 7, secs. 386d-386f), and Acts amendatory or supplementary thereto, relative to their administration and

for the administration of agricultural experiment stations in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, including the employment of clerks, assistants, and other persons in the city of Washington and elsewhere, freight and express charges, official traveling expenses, office fixtures, supplies, apparatus, telegraph and telephone service, gas, electric current, and rent outside of the District of Columbia, $156,235; and the Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe the form of the annual financial statement required under the above Acts, ascertain whether the expenditures are in accordance with their provisions, coordinate the work of the Department of Agriculture with that of the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations in the lines authorized in said Acts, and make report thereon to Congress. Mr. JARDINE. The following explanation is presented in justification of this estimate:

Appropriation:

1932

1933. 1934.

1935....

Budget estimate, 1936

Increase, Budget, 1936, compared with appropriation, 1935.

WORK DONE UNDER THIS APPROPRIATION

$169, 380

160, 734

148, 831

1 144, 180 156, 235

2 12, 055

The primary functions and work under this appropriation are: (a) Administration of the acts of Congress (Hatch Act of 1887; Adams Act of 1906; Purnell Act of 1925, and acts amendatory or supplementary thereto, Hawaii Station Act of 1928; Alaska Station Act of 1929; and Puerto Rico Station Act of 1931) making appropriations for the support of agricultural experiment stations in the States and Territories; (b) assistance in coordinating the research work of the Department of Agriculture with that of the State and territorial agricultural colleges and experiment stations; (c) preparation of the Experiment Station Record; (d) the administration and direction of departmental insular experiment stations-1 in Puerto Rico and 1 in Hawaii; (e) to act as a clearing house for inquiries, running into thousands and coming from all parts of the world, on matters pertaining to agricultural experiment stations and the work of these stations in the United States.

Administration of the acts granting Federal funds to States and Territories involves supervision of the funds, close advisory relations with the stations as to research for which the funds are expended, annual examination of the work and expenditures of each State station, and preparation of report to Congress on the work and expenditures of the stations as called for in the acts.

1 Includes $7,055 to cover 5-percent salary adjustment for 1935 (to 95 percent) as follows: (1) $3,285 transferred from the Bureau of Animal Industry; and (2) $3,770 from fund authorized by sec. 21 (e) of the act of Mar. 28, 1934.

2 The increase of $12,055 for 1936 includes-

(1) An increase of $7,055 for 5-percent salary restoration, 1936 (to 100 percent).

(2) An increase of $5,200 for additional stenographic and clerical help, travel, and equipment, to relieve congestion of work and meet the responsibilities for the coordination of the work of the State stations and of the Department and the State stations.

A material increase in correspondence with the 53 State and Territorial experiment stations has been necessary to aid in adjusting the research programs to coordinate with and render best service to the many new agencies and activities concerned with agriculture and rural life. Incomplete reports show that about 650 members of the State station staffs were called upon to undertake special assignments during the past fiscal year. Such assignments mean transfers, adjustments of research program and personnel, and a working out of the Federal expenditures consistent with requirements of the Federal acts and yet most helpful in furthering the National and State emergency programs. The coordination of Federal and State efforts in research as in other lines is of increasing importance and the Office of Experiment Stations has been called upon to take a more active part than ever before, acting as a central representative of the State stations and participating with bureaus of the Department in the development of national and regional research projects and programs.

The increased activities in coordinating the research of the stations and the Department and assisting with adjustments of the State station work to best fit in with the national emergency programs have necessitated more travel for members of the technical staff of the office. As an example, the chief of the office responded within a few months to 3 calls in connection with the coordination of a program for the S State stations, the Department, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. With the facts available to the technical staff of the office and participating as it does through administration of Federal-grant funds to every State, the Office of Experiment Stations is frequently in a position to render helpful service which cannot well be provided by any other agency.

(3) A decrease of $200, offsetting 1935 vacancy impoundments. This decrease is an offset for a correspond¡ng increase estimated for obligations in 1936 (see note 2).

The Federal grants are largely expended on research which is outlined and submitted to the Office of Experiment Stations for advisory suggestions and approval in advance of expenditures. Annual budgets of proposed expenditures on the Federal funds are submitted by each station for review and approval of proposed work and expenditures at the beginning of the fiscal year. Changes and adjustments in work to best meet the State needs are submitted throughout the year. About 2,000 research projects were thus submitted for review and approval during the fiscal year 1934.

To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to ascertain and certify that the funds are being expended in accordance with provisions of the Federal acts, a representative, or representatives, of the Office of Experiment Stations visits each of the 50 State stations annually and spends from 3 to 10 days reviewing the expenditures and the work under each research project. In this connection, the research on State funds as well as that on Federal funds is reviewed to better enable suggestions as to cooperation and coordination to avoid duplication.

Assistance in coordinating the research of the Department of Agriculture with that of the State and Territorial stations and in coordinating the research work among State stations is constantly in mind when the proposed research projects are reviewed for approval on Federal funds and when the work and expenditures of each station are reviewed and discussed with the State station directors and research staffs. Through personal conferences and committees having to do with research, close advisory relations are maintained with bureaus of the Department. Every opportunity is taken to promote effective cooperation between and among the State stations, and between the State stations and the Department. During the fiscal year 1934, approximately 800 cooperative investigations were under way between State stations or State stations and the Department of Agriculture which were carefully planned by the cooperating agencies and made a matter of written cooperative agreement. These cooperative agreements were reviewed by the Office of Experiment Stations and made a matter of record, available to the Department for purposes both of administration and coordination of research activities.

As

The Experiment Station Record was established in 1889 as a part of the Federal-State joint participation in establishing and maintaining agricultural experiment stations. Its purpose is to make available to staff members of all stations and the Department, as far as funds permit, abstracts of current published results of research in this country and other countries promptly as an aid in planning research, avoiding duplication, and in coordinating research effort. an illustration, approximately 10,000 books and 88,000 periodicals were examined during the fiscal year 1934. About 29,000 were elected for examination by specialists of the office and abstracts of about 6,800 articles were prepared and issued in the Experiment Station Record. Two volumes of the Record, consisting of 12 issues, each 150 pages, were published. Few, if any, of the stations have available all the current publications reporting results of research. Abstracting by the Office of Experiment Stations as a central agency avoids the necessity of much duplicate abstracting by the several thousand research workers. The abstracts involve translations from as many as 12 or more languages.

Administration of the Federal stations in Puerto Rico and Hawaii involves approval of budgets, expenditures, and research projects, review, editing, and approval of publications, and general administrative direction. During the past few years there has developed, in addition, a responsibility for coordination of these Federal stations and their work with the Territorial experiment stations and their research. Hawaii, under the Hawaii Station Act of May 16, 1928, and Puerto Rico, under the Puerto Rico Station Act of March 4, 1931, now receive the benefit of the funds under the Hatch and supplemental acts. The acts granting these funds to the Territories, however, provide, that the Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate the work of the Territorial stations and the work of the Federal stations.

Inquiries pertaining to agricultural experiment stations in the United States come to the Office of Experiment Stations from all parts of the world. The number amounts to thousands in the course of a year. Requests for information about Alaska, Guam, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii alone have probably exceeded 1,000 in the past year. Inquiries as to organization, personnel, publication, relationships, and work of the stations are many and varied in character. To meet this service in behalf of the Department, an up-to-date list of organization and personnel of the State stations is maintained and a revised list is published annually. Monthly lists of experiment station publications are mimeographed for use of libraries and to meet inquiries for this information.

Other lists, indexes, and compilations of information are prepared as a means of rendering service at a minimum cost. During the past year a revised list of agricultural research institutions and library centers in foreign countries was prepared to aid the experiment stations in exchange of information with research agencies throughout the world. Inquiries totaling in the thousands must be answered by individual letters and conferences.

FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

Mr. JARDINE (continuing). Under this item, under "work done under this appropriation", I have attempted this year to segregate, so that the committee could see the real functions and responsibilities of the office.

First, we consider the administration of these acts of Congress providing funds for the 48 States and the Territories of Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. In administering these acts, as a first step, beginning July 1, the director of each experiment station submits what we call a program of projects and expenditures covering the $90,000. We review this program very carefully and have suggestions back and forth in an attempt to coordinate to where we think it is according to the law and for the benefit of agriculture of the United States, but with due regard to the needs of the State.

Under the terms of the acts themselves, on or before the first day of July each year the Secretary of Agriculture must ascertain that the terms of the acts have been properly carried out and certify each of these stations to the Treasury Department. If the certification does not reach the Treasury Department in writing on or before July 1, then the money cannot be paid without an act of Congress.

Now, in order to make the determinations, a representative of my office visits each one of the State experiment stations. As far as we can do so, it is done in the last 3 months of the year before July 1. This representative goes out with a copy of each of the projects that has been approved, and he sits down with the research man and attempts to find out what has been accomplished in the last year and, as far as practical, to give the State worker any suggestions he might have from having reviewed similar work elsewhere. Then our representative examines every voucher, in its relationship to the work, to see if it is in accordance with the laws and also to see if the expenditure is producing results, and on that basis the States are certified on or before July 1.

In addition, throughout the year, there is hardly a day but there is some change necessary to meet quickly some emergency or some change in program in a State. This past year has been exceptional in that regard. Partial reports from 41 stations, even before the drought began, showed that some 587 of the State-station staff members were doing emergency work in cooperation with national agencies. In some cases, these men were helping out in agricultural credit; in other cases, it meant probably making a quick survey of a drainage district to find out the values for a loaning agency; in other cases, it meant subsistence homestead projects, land classification, and so on through the whole list of emergency programs.

That means that we are constantly helping to make adjustments to keep within the requirements of the acts and, at the same time, to allow the stations to function in the best interest of the States and the whole national program.

One big feature that is hard to measure, either in amount or in significance, is the fact already brought out that we are sort of a liaison office between the bureaus of the Department and the State stations, and also between State stations. We may take the initiative to get 3 or 4 stations, or 48 stations, into cooperation with the Department. As an illustration, there was need for a national survey last year on farm mortgages, tax delinquencies and land values. C. W. A. funds were available to the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in Washington and inside of a few days cooperation was arranged with every one of the 48 State stations to furnish the local leadership for this national survey which was carried on vigorously and effectively. Another function is to consider coordinating the work of the Department of Agriculture with that of the State and territorial experiment stations. This is done in part through contact with the bureaus when individual State station projects are approved, and in part through committee assignments. I am acting, for example, on the committee on the cotton research program; the committee on plant and animal improvement; the committee on research trying to get national research coordinated in back of the hay grades and standards, which you know are rather important. There are probably half a dozen such major activities for coordination under way right now, in which our office participates with all bureaus.

PREPARATION OF EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD

A third large function is the preparation of the experiment station record. I think the hardest task today confronting research that reaches over the entire United States is to keep the individual man out in the field advised as to what work is under way and what has been accomplished. The need of some agency to aid in this regard was recognized by the States and Federal Government when the Hatch Act was passed in 1887 and, in 1889, what is known as the "Experiment Station Record" was authorized and established. In other words the work of reviewing the agricultural reports from State stations and the Department and, to the extent, practicable, from foreign countries, was assigned to the Office of Experiment Stations.

What we are attempting to do is to look over a vast amount of published material each year. Last year there were 88,000 journals, and some 10,000 books, that came to our attention for review. Mr. CANNON. How many journals?

Mr. JARDINE. Articles in journals; approximately 88,000.

Mr. CANNON. Do you have a clipping bureau of your own, or do you patronize the commercial bureaus?

Mr. JARDINE. No; we have a library which is coordinated with the Department of Agriculture library. Then we have trained librarians who can glance through the journals to see if there is anything new in them to be reviewed. Approximately 29,000 were thus selected and go to our specialists for review and preparation of abstract to be published in the Experiment Station Record.

Mr. CANNON. How are those articles segregated; are they clipped and assembled?

Mr. JARDINE. No. The ones that the library decides have value and should be reviewed by our specialists are sent to the specialists in home economics, agricultural engineering, botany, animal husbandry, genetics, agricultural economics, and so forth. The specialist