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Prizes and other Honourable Distinctions of Students leaving College. Third Term. John Lawrell, prize in classics, prize in political economy, prize in law, prize in Sanscrit, prize in Bengali, and prize in Hindustani. sics, and with great credit in other depart ments. Alfred Turnbull, prize in mathematics. Harrison, were highly distinguished. Messrs. Head, Knox, Littledale, and Messrs. Forbes, Greathed, W. J. Morgan, and Gubbins, passed with great credit. David Cunliffe, prize for Bengali writing. The following students deserve com- Rank of Students leaving College. 1st Class, 1st in rank, John Lawrell. do. 2d do. 2d Class, 3d do. 3d Class, 4th do. R. B.W.Ramsay. D. H. Crawford. MILITARY SEMINARY, ADDISCOMBE. THE half-yearly examination of the cadets belonging to the above institution took place on Friday, the 13th ult., in the presence of the chairman (Henry St. George Tucker, Esq.), the deputy chairman (W. S. Clarke, Esq.), a majority of the Court of Directors, and the following visitors, viz. Major General Millar, Colonels Sir Augustus Fraser, Sir James Sutherland, C. B., Blackburne, Pasley, C. B., Williamson, Drummond; Lieut. Colonels Hopkinson, C. B., Hay; Captains Smith and Lindsay, R.N.; Dr. Gregory; Messrs E. Ravenshaw, W. Crawford, M.P., Plunkett, and Simpson, &c. The examinations in mathematics, Hindustani, and fortification, were conducted, in the prescribed form, by the examiners in those branches of study, viz. Sirs Alex- Messrs C. Johnston, three for that of artillery, viz. and the remainder of the class, consisting nus, C. B.), in his division of the report, felt gratified in bearing creditable testimony to the orderly and gentlemanly behaviour of the whole body of the cadets; and could only attribute the almost total absence of all irregularity to the zealous attention of the corporals to the discipline of their respective classes, and to their firm yet conciliatory tone: praise was particularly due to Corporal Cadets Wood, Wilson, and Reid. The prizes were then awarded to the cadets of the 1st class in the following order of merit, viz. Charles Johnston, 1st fortification; 2d military drawing and surveying; 2d civil drawing; 2d general good conduct. John Hill, 2d fortification; 1st general good conduct. Henry Wood, 2d mathematical. W. S. Terry, 1st military drawing and surveying; 1st civil drawing; extra prize for Persian and Nagari writing. C. Hutchinson, 1st mathematical. C. Carter, 2d French. Prizes were also adjudged, at the recommendation of the Lieut. Governor, to those cadets of the 2d and 3d classes who had made the most creditable progress in their several branches of study. The chairman then proceeded to address the cadets in an eloquent and animated strain. To attempt more than a brief outline of the speech would be vain. Mr Tucker commenced by expressing the gratification which he and his colleagues had derived from the report which had been previously read, and at the scienti fic and literary attainments which had that day been witnessed, and for which much praise was due, not only to the exertions of the cadets, but to the zeal and attention of the professors, under the inspection of their highly distinguished public examiner. He regretted the absence of the president of the India Board, of the Duke of Wellington, and of the commander of the forces, all of whom would have been present but for important engagements elsewhere, and who, he assured the cadets, felt a warm interest in the success of their admirable establishment. He pointed out to them the desirableness of acquiring a thorough know ledge of the native languages, in which he was convinced they had been well grounded by their eminent professor, under the direction of the Veteran of Oriental literature. He alluded to the loss they had sustained by the resignation of their late respected Lieut. Governor (Col. Houston, C. B.); a loss, however, which was compensated by the gallant officer (Col. Stannus, C.B.) who had succeeded to that station. The chairman spoke of the Indian army in terms which clearly showed his thorough intimacy with its history and character, and by whose prowess and achievements, he observed, kingdom after kingdom had been added to the British empire. He exhorted the cadets, who were about to become members of that army, to respect the habits and feelings of the soldiery who composed it; and they would be requited by fidelity and attachment in the hour of trial or sickness; to observe scrupulously those regulations which were framed for the benefit and protection of our Indian subjects, the infraction of which would call down the heavy displeasure of the Court; in short, to love India, and to attach its natives to them, that they might return to their own country-the country of Nelson and of Wellington-to enjoy the dearest of all rewards, professional fame. The foregoing were among the topics chiefly dwelt upon by the honourable chairman, who, it was obse: ved, produced an impression on those to whom his sentiments were especially directed rarely equalled. The excellence of the speech may be inferred from the unequivocal testimony of admiration which an attentive auditory evinced at the conclusion of it. The cadets assembled on the paradeground, where, with their officers and non-commissioned officers, they saluted the chairman in open order, formed close order, wheeled back into companies, marched past in slow time, each company saluting the chairman as it passed. On reaching their original grounds, the rear ranks took close order, and marched round the parade-ground in quick time. The cadets then performed the manual and platoon exercise, and the artillery practice. The broad-sword exercise, under Mr. Angelo, closed the military duties of the day, which were executed with a steadiness and precision calculated to uphold the professional character of the institution. LORD TEIGNMOUTH. THERE are few lives, passed in the laborious and honourable duties of the East-India Company's service in India, more deserving of commemoration than that of Lord Teignmouth. The executive administrators of India, amidst the records of the Bengal government, for a long and eventful series of years, have before them ample testimonies of his public services; the few surviving friends, who lived in familiar intercourse with him, will attest his private and social virtues. Mr. Shore was of a Derbyshire family originally, but his father resided many years at Melton in Suffolk, and died in 1759, ten years before his son obtained his appointment in the civil service of Bengal. On his arrival at Calcutta, in 1769, the young civilian was stationed at Moorshedabad, as an assistant under the council of revenue; and, in 1772, served as an assistant to the resident of Rajeshaye. He devoted himself with considerable assiduity to the Persian language, and obtained, by means of his proficiency in it, the office of Persian translator and secretary to the provincial council of Moorshedabad. In 1774, he sate as a member of the Calcutta Revenue Board, till its dissolution in 1781, when he was appointed second of the general committee of revenue. In 1785, he was recommended by Mr. Hastings, whom he accompanied to England, to a seat in the supreme council, as a public servant of distinguished talents and integrity. But the most prominent feature of Mr. Shore's early life, in India, was his participation in the financial and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis. In 1787, that nobleman, on his departure for the government of India, received from the Court of Directors a code of instructions relative to the improvements they sought to introduce into the financial administration of the country. In fact, these instructions authorized, or rather enjoined, a new arrangement. The failure of the revenue, and of every successive attempt to enhance it; the frequent changes, and the substitution of farmers for the permanent zemindars, and the exclusion of the collectors from all interference with the assessments of their several districts;-above all, the heavy arrears outstanding for the four preceding years, and the consequent impoverishment of the provinces, were the evils to be redressed. For this purpose, an equitable settlement was directed to be made with the zemindars; and the experiment, in the first instance, was to be made for ten years, and to become permanent should it be successful. The collectors were also to be invested with judicial powers. Mr. Mill, perhaps in too severe a tone of reprehension, remarks that, at this time, the grossest ignorance prevailed upon every subject relative to revenue among the civil servants of Bengal. They understood neither the nature of the land-tenure, nor the respective rights of the different classes of cultivators and those who enjoyed the produce; the whole of their knowledge being the actual amount annually collected of the resources of the country they knew nothing. Lord Cornwallis, therefore, determined to suspend the arrangements prescribed Asiat. Jour. N.S.VOL. 14. No. 56. : 2 F by the Court of Directors till he had collected information from every accessible source, promulgating only certain regulations, which vested the collectors with the two-fold functions of revenue-agents and magistrates. It was to Mr. Shore that Lord Cornwallis chiefly looked for the information he required; and the result of his observations appears in the important document he furnished on that occasion. In this paper, Mr. Shore pointed out the errors of the financial system, emphatically dwelling on its entire, incapability of modification or improvement in its existing shape. "The form of the British Government in India," he remarks, "is illcalculated for amendment. Its members are in a constant state of fluctuation, and the period of their residence often expires before any experience can be acquired. Official forms necessarily occupy a large portion of time, and the pressure of business leaves little leisure for study and reflection, without which, no knowledge of the principles and detail of the revenues can be attained."* It is worth remarking, that the Committee of the House of Commons, in 1810, not only inserted the whole of this interesting minute, but laid so much stress upon this particular passage as to incorporate it with the report itself. In 1789, the Governor-general had matured his plan of revenue, and prepared to carry it into instant execution. It is now generally acknowledged that Lord Cornwallis was influenced by a generous (which is always: an enlightened) policy, in conferring a permanent property in the soil upon a certain class; but the fault was, that of establishing a species of aristocracy upon the feudal principle of Europe. The zemindars became thus bereditary proprietors of the soil, upon payment of a land-tax, not to be increased, of the sum actually assessed. Another error, which infected and vitiated the whole system, was the utter oblivion of the ryots,-a class in whom all the wealth of the country was in reality vested. The zemindars were empowered to make any terms they pleased with their ryots, with the exception of a pottah, which the zemindar was bound to give him;-in other words, a fixed interest in his estate, such as it was. It was proposed in council, to give notice, that it was intended to make the decennial settlement permanent and unalterable, so soon as it received the approbation of the authorities at home. Mr. Shore, though a zealous advocate for the zemindary system, opposed the proposal, insisting strongly on leaving a door open for the introduction of such improvements as the experience of the probationary ten years might suggest, Lord Cornwallis, on the other hand, was so enamoured of the permanence of the settlement, that he persisted in his purpose, declaring that he would use all his influence with the, Court of Directors to carry it into effect. It was not, however, till 1793, that the settlement was established in every district; and it was in the early part of that year that authority arrived in India to proclaim its permanence throughout the country. Besides his share in the completion of this momentous system, almost amounting to a revolution in the affairs of British India, Mr. Shore was mainly instrumental in the framing of the code of laws pub * Fifth Report of Committee, 1810. P. 169. |