"On Thursday night there was a very grand, and, what is better, a very pleasant ball. There were between four and five hundred present, amongst whom were the Duke of Sussex, and most of the great families in the neighbourhood, as well as visitors. The Royal Duke, who spoke highly of the beauty of Cambria's daughters, and some few others, left the room about twelve o'clock; but the merry dance was kept up till nearly three in the morning.

"It is now time to draw these desultory remarks to a close. Thus, as well as I have been able to describe it, began and ended the grand Denbigh Eistedfodd. It was an event that made a great sensation in that place, as, in justice to others, it cannot be expected to be holden there again for many years to come; although there is little doubt, after having been revived with so much national spirit, of its being continued: but when will there be another in this old Castle ?-Most likely,

"When future wanderers brave the storm,

Which we shall sleep too sound to heed."

N. Mr. Editor,-In your number for September, p. 403, there appears a philosophical query, upon which I am peculiarly entitled to animadvert. Although I shall not attempt to solve the difficulty which T. H. has stated to incumber the Newtonian doctrine concerning light, I imagine the circumstances of the case preclude the necessity of my apologizing for thus obtruding a few remarks upon your indulgence. Quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat; si quis sibi plus appetet, violabit jus humanæ societatis," is, I feel persuaded, a principle upon which it were needless to expatiate, when addressing the Editor of The New Monthly Magazine." First, then, I would just remark, that I am sorry and surprised to see this subject broached in the insignificant form of a "Query," "How are these statements

to be reconciled ?"

This is not the vantage-ground which previous discussion has raised for the difficulty, and upon which I naturally placed it, when I first made the observation. In certain notes which I read to T. H. in June, (written as the outline of an intended answer to an article which appeared under that signature in May, on the subject of light,) I at once invested this argument against the Newtonian hypothesis, with all the irrefragability that has been conceded to the argument of resistance, when employed against the hypothesis of Des Cartes. About the middle of July these same notes and numerous other observations on this interesting subject, being rédigé in the form of a letter to the Editor of the Magazine in which the article alluded to had appeared, I again, at

an accidental meeting, read my papers to T. H. The following paragraph is copied verbatim from the papers which I then read to him. "Your correspondent, T. H., states, that the theory of Des Cartes is incumbered with an insurmountable difficulty, viz. the resistance which the elastic fluid in question must every moment oppose to the progressive motion of the planets.' The same difficulty attaches. to the Newtonian theory. Millions of suns being scattered through the vast extent of the material universe,' as T. H. elegantly expresses it, the material particles radiated from them, must oppose as much resistance to the progressive motion of the planets, as the rare elastic fluid supposed in the other theory."-Secondly, without attempting to "reconcile" incompatibilities, allow me, Sir, to offer such a statement of the difficulty which I have advanced, as appears to me to demonstrate its existence. According to the theory of astronomy now universally received, the motions of the bodies composing the solar system, are effected by only two forces-the primary projectile force, and the attraction of gravity; but unless the bodies influenced by those forces, move through spaces in which no resistance is offered to their motion, the causes supposed are inadequate to the production of the effects which are said to have been demonstrated. If these are the only forces impressed, and if the velocities, and consequently the or bits of the planets, have not decreased, they must have moved without resistance; for if a body, put into motion by a projectile force, moves in a resisting fluid, it will not persevere in a state of uniform motion, but the resistance opposed being as the square of the velocity with which the body moves, and the momentum of the moving body being as its velocity, the proportion of the momentum to the resistance will increase, as the proportion of the velocity to its square increases, and, therefore, the retardation being as the resistance, the motion of the body will be retarded in the decreasing ratio of the squares of its velocity. If light consists of material particles emitted from the sun, the planets must travel through the matter of light, and this law must be observed; That the density being given, the resistance arising from the reaction of those particles, will be as the square of the velocity with which any given planet moves. Therefore, admitting both Newton's theories, I mean those of astronomy and optics, it is physically impossible that the motion of the planets should not have been retarded; and if it has been demonstrated that it has not been retarded, the phenomena of planetary motion cannot

have resulted from the causes and under the circumstances supposed,-it would be a contradiction of the known laws of motion. Now, Sir, as the philosophers of the nineteenth century, will feel little reverence for a creed of hypotheses and facts that involve a contradiction of ideas, I hope a few considerations tending to determine the extent of the difficulty, and consequently facilitating the invention of an auxiliary hypothesis, will not be totally disregarded, since we have demonstrated the impracticability of an eclaircissement.

If the phenomena of vision are produced by the motion and action of matter emitted from a shining body with immense velocity, and moving uniformly in straight lines," the momentum of solar light must have a tendency to repel the planets from the sun. If we could ascertain the weight of light, were we to multiply its weight into its immense velocity, and calculate the total momentum continually operating upon so vast an area as the hemisphere of a planet, we should, I presume, discover a force not to be forgotten in the mecha nics of the universe. Moreover, it occurs to me, that the density and velocity of light being given, the repellent force operating upon any planet, is as the hemisphere of that platet; but the density of light, and the velocity with which the planet moves being given, the resistance offered by the light is only as the quarter of the sphere of the planet; for if the planet be divided into hemispheres by a

FRANCE.

plane perpendicular to its orbit, only half of the hemisphere which is first with respect to the motion of the planet, will come in contact with the particles of light -the other half will be in the shade. On considering the velocity of light, and the rate at which any planet travels, it will be perceived that the particles which pass in the front of the planet (if I may be allowed the expression), will be far enough out of the way before it has arrived at the space through which they passed. Hence the Newtonian hypothesis is divested of half the apparent difficulty.

From the extreme rarity of light, its momentum must, of course, be small; but let it be remembered that the resistance as well as the momentum will, the other terms being given, be regulated by the density; and therefore, forsooth, it is as probable that the momentum given by multiplying the immense velocity of light into its weight, will ultimately overcome the attraction of gravity, as that the resistance given by multiplying the (comparatively) trifling velocity of any planet into itself, will ultimately destroy the motion communicated to the planet by the primary projectile force.

It might be wished that some of your Intelligencers would make it their business to "allay our fears" in these respects; for we are as likely to be frozen as to be scorched, and the whole system is in jeopardy! M. F.

26th September, 1828.

Academy of Sciences.-June 16. After the prizes had been awarded, as mentioned in our last number, an historical eulogium of M. Ramond was read by Baron Cuvier, perpetual secretary. Also a Physiological Memoir on the Brain, by M. Magendie. Baron Fourier, perpetual secretary, then delivered an historical eulogium on M. Charles; and afterwards, M. Prony read a memoir on the labours of the late M. Perronnet. The subject of the prizes for the years 1829 and 1830 were then announced.-23. M. N. Cacciatore, director of the observatory at Palermo, forwarded to the Academy the fifth book of one of the astronomical works of Piazzi, and which was wanting in the library of the Institute. MM. Navier and Mathieu reported very favourably on a perspective sector of M. Lalaune, an instrument for facilitating the attainment of the perspective lines in a drawing. MM. Lacroix, Poinsot and Navier, made a most flattering report, and recommended for insertion in the "Recueil des Savans Etrangers," a memoir of M. Corances on the Integration of some Equations of Partial

Differences, and on the Movement of Water in Vessels. MM. Dumeril and Blainville then presented a report, a memoir of Dr. Foville upon the Anatomy of the Brain; and the Academy requested the continuance of his investigations.-30. M. Mirbel read a note on a remarkable deve lopement of the stem of the calycanthus floridus. M. Gay Lussac presented a specimen of artificial ultra-marine, manufactured by M. Guimet; and a new pyrophorus, formed by the calcination of sulphate of potass with charcoal; and showed by experiment that it is much more inflammable than the pyrophorus formerly known. MM. Dulong and Ampere reported on an Italian memoir of M. L. Nobili, relative to an effective system for measuring the electric currents; and this eminent philosopher was solicited to continue his researches.-July 7. M. Poisson read a note on the problem of the waves.

14. M. Arago communicated a letter of M. De la Rive, on some electrical experiments. M. Latreille made a verbal re port on a paper of M. Macquart, entitled Diptères du Nord de la France."

66

Train Oil a Steep for Turnip-seed.-Mr. M. Holdich, of Thorney Fen, says "I have every reason to believe that steeping turnip-seed twenty-four hours in train oil, before sowing, is as safe a preventive from the fly as any expedient yet found out, and with as little trouble and expense. I was complaining last summer, to a friend of mine, of the difficulty we laboured under from the fly, in getting a crop of turnips; and he said, Steep your seed in train oil, a practice very common in Lancashire.' I did so, and the third sowing succeeded. I first 30wed Swedes, which were gone in a few days after their appearance; I next sowed the red-top, which disappeared in as little time as the other; third, and lastly, the white stone, steeped in train oil, sown in August, which produced me a very nice crop. I have again this year sowed my Swede turnips,the seed steeped twenty-four hours; they are up, and just fit to come in the rough leaf, without a spot or speck upon them; from which circumstances I am much inclined to think there is some efficacy in the steep.-I grow turnips on a very limited scale, but I should think one quart of oil is sufficient for twenty pounds of seed, put into a vessel and well stirred, which must be frequently done, as the oil will naturally draw towards the bottom: the night before you want to sow, drain the oil off, by putting the seed into a Reeing sieve over some other vessel, setting the sieve higher on one side; the oil, in the course of the night, will gradually drop off, and the seed will then want mixing with either dry moulds, or sand, or cinder ashes; it will then sow either broadcast or drill."

Potatoes.-The following mode of raising two crops of potatoes from the same

stem and in the same year, may be successfully tried in sandy or loamy soils, during the greater part of July and the two first weeks of August:- Begin by carefully clearing away the earth with a spade from one side of a drill, and picking out all the largest potatoes on that side. Treat the other side of the drill in the same way, leaving a considerable portion of the main root below the lateral shoots undisturbed. Let the stalks be then held upright, and the earth, when still moist, be immediately put close about them, as it was before. This has been done daily, during the space of a month, as the potatoes were wanted, without producing the slightest appearance of ill health in the plants; indeed, they not only continued green as long as the others that stood near them, but, when dug up at the same time with them, the potatoes had grown to a great size, and produced a heavier crop.

Effects of Ivy on Trees.-It appears to be a vulgar prejudice that ivy kills the trees it clings to. If it rooted itself, as is erroneously supposed, in their bark, and fed on their juices, it might merit the accusation of a destroyer; but it derives its nourishment wholly from the ground, where it is rooted; and the supposed roots on the barks of trees are only tendrils or holdfasts to enable it to climb. The opinion of its injuring trees seems to have arisen (and very naturally too) from the fact, that it prefers to climb up a dead or dying branch, and will not attach itself to very young wood at all. Mr. Repton, the landscape gardener, gives numerous facts to show that trees overrun with ivy, so far from being injured by it, grow most luxuriantly. Evelyn says, that when ivy is stripped from trees, they are often killed by cold in the ensuing winter.

Nov.-VOL. XXIV. NO. XCV.

GRANTED.

B. M. Payne, of the Strand, London, Scale Maker, for improvements on weighing machines.August 18, 1828.

E. Barnard, of Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, for improvements in weaving and preparing cloth.August 19, 1828.

P. Foxwell, W. Clark, and B. Clark, of Dye House Mill, Minchinhampton, for improvements on machinery in shearing, cropping, or cutting, and finishing woollen and other cloths, and cassameres. August 19, 1828.

W. Sharp, of Manchester, for improvements in machines for spinning or roving of cloth, silk, wool, or other fibrous substances. August 19, 1828.

G. Stratton, of Frederick-place, Hampstead-road, for an improvement in warming and ventilating churches, hot-houses, and all other buildings; which improvements may be applied to other purposes, August 28, 1828.

3 s

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BIOGRAPHY.

Memoirs of the Duke of Rovigo, the fourth and concluding volume, in English. 16s. French 14s.

Nollekens and his Times; comprehending a Life of that celebrated Sculptor, and Memoirs of Contemporary Artists, with a portrait from a drawing by Jackson, 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.

Memoir of the Rev. Pliny Flist, 12mo. 5s. bds. EDUCATION.

Bradburn's Story of Paradise Lost, for Children, 18mo, 1s. 6d. bds.

Valpy's Second Greek Delectus, 8vo. 9s. 6d. bds. Ralph Gemmell, a Tale for Youth, by the Rev. R. Pollok, 18mo. 2s. 6d.

The Persecuted Family in the reign of Charles II., 2s. 6d.

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Darley's Geometrical Companion, 12mo. 4s. 6d. boards.

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NOVELS, &c.

Zillah, a Tale of the Holy City. By the Author of " Brambletye House." 4 vols.

The Anglo-Irish of the Nineteenth Century, a Novel. 3 vols. post 8vo. 14. 11s. 6d.

Life in India; or, the English at Calcutta. 3 vols. post 8vo. 17. 8s. 6d.

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Felicia Alphery. By the Author of Herwald de Wake. 3 vols. 12mo. 16s. 6d. boards.

The Spy Unmasked. 2 vols. 12mo. 10s. boards.

Tales of the Great St. Bernard, by a distinguished writer, will appear in a few days.

In the press, and speedily will be published, The Castilian, by Don Telesforo de Trueba y Cosio, author of "Gomez Arias," "a Spanish Historical Romance, &c.

Memoirs of Scipio de Ricci, Bishop of Prato and Pistoia, during the reign of the late Grand.duke Leopold of Tuscany, are in preparation.

In a few days will be published The Protestant, a Tale of the Reign of Queen Mary, by the Author of" De Foix," "The White Hoods," &c.

Sailors and Saints, a new work by the Author of The Naval Sketch Book, will appear in the course of November.

A work is announced under the very curious title of the Man of Two Lives, a narrative written by himself.

The interesting Memoirs of the Empress Josephine, a translation of which will be ready in a few days, are understood to be written by Madame Ducrest, the niece of Madame de Genlis.

In preparation, Letters from the West, containing Sketches of Scenery, Manners, and Customs, with

anecdotes connected with the first settlement of the Western Sections of the United States, by Judge Hall.

Tales of Woman, designed to exhibit the female character in its brightest points of view, are an nounced for immediate publication. It is said to be a work peculiarly worthy of temale acceptation.

The Garrick Correspondence, has, it is said, been placed in the hands of an experienced literary cha racter and dramatic amateur, to be prepared for publication.

We understand that Mr. T. Roscoe is engaged in writing the Life of Ariosto, with Sketches of his most distinguished Literary and Political Contemporaries.

In the press, The present state of Van Dieman's Land, its Agriculture, Capabilities, &c. By Henry Widdowson, late agent to the Van Dieman's Land Agricultural Establishment.

Mr. Brayley's Londiniana, or Reminiscences of the British Metropolis, will appear early in Novem ber. It will be illustrated by upwards of one hundred plates.

In the press, and will be published in the course of the ensuing winter, the Lite and fimes of Daniel De Foe, coutaining a review of his writ ings, and his opinions upon a variety of important matters, civil and ecclesiastical. Also an account of many Contemporary Writers. By Walter Wilson. Sir Richard Phillips has been for some months on a tour of enquiry and observation through the United Kingdom, and is about to publish his first Part, containing Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, &c.

Dr. Richard Bright, of Guy's Hospital, is engaged in preparing a second volume or ins Medical Reports.

A new edition of Sir Henry Stewart's Planter's Guide will be ready for publication early in November.

Mr. James Shaw will publish in the course of the ensuing month, a new and practical work on the Laws relative to Parish matters, calculated for general information, and to furnish all persons liable to serve the offices of churchwarden, overseer, &c. with full instructions for their legal and efficient discharge. It will be entitled The Parochial Lawyer, or Churchwarden's and Overseer's Guide.

A new scientific journal, in numbers, every two mouths, entitied The Annals of Chemical Philosophy, and exhibiting a concise view of the latest and most important discoveries in Chemistry, Phar macy, the Arts, Sciences, Manufactures, Agriculture, &c. &c., by W. Maugham, Surgeon, &c.—is announced.

Mr. Gleig has a volume of Sermons in the press. The Memoirs of the notorious Vidocq, lately an agent of the French Police, but formerly a convict, have just been published in Paris.

Dr. Lempriere is preparing for publication an Essay, in answer to the Oldenburgh Questions, on the nature and contagion of Yellow Fever; in which a particular reference has been made to the circumstances which have occasioned that disease, at different periods, in the garrison at Gibraltar.

In a few days, a volume of Tales and Contessions. By Mr. Leitch Ritchie.

Mr. Richards is preparing for the press a popular treatise on Nervous Disorders; with observations on Physical Sympathy, and a dissertation on the best dietetic and medicinal remedies.

An Annual printed in gold, and called the Golden Lyre, being a poetical selection from the works of English, French, and German authors, is an nounced.

An elegant volume of a novel character, devoted to the most elegant recreations and pursuits of young Ladies, is in the press.

Memoirs of Paul Jones; compiled from his Original Journals, Correspondence, and other Papers, brought from Paris by his heirs at the time of his death, in 1792.

Discourses on some important Points of Christian Doctrine and Duty, by the Rev. Alexander Stewart.

The Lite and Adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who died in 1723; containing the real Incidents upon which the Romance of Robinson Crusoe is founded.

Diversions of Hollycot; or, the Mother's Art of Thinking, by the Author of Clan Albin, and Elizabeth de Bruce.

Rational Readings, by the same Author. Biographical Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs; exhibiting remarkable Instances of their Instinct, Sagacity, &c. by Capt. Thomas Brown. Greek Extracts, chiefly from the Attic Writers; with a Vocabulary.

My Grandfather's Farm: or, Pictures of Rural Lite.

A Guide to the Universal Trader; being a Complete and Systematic View of the Monies, Weights, Measures, &c. of all Nations, with their Proportions to those of Great Britain and France, by James Trotter, Accountant, Edinburgh.

The Last Supper, by the Author of Farewell to Time.

Scenes of War, and other Poems, by John Malcolm.

The Trials of Life, a Novel, by the Author of De Lisle, or the Sensitive Man.

The Second Series of the Romance of History, to comprise l'ales founded on facts, and illustrative of the Romantic Annals of France, from the reign of Charlemagne to that of Louis XIV. inclusive.

The Life and Times of Francis I., of France. The Manual for invalids, or Practical Rules for the attainment and preservation of Health, with popular illustrations of some of the most important functions of the Animal Economy. By a Physician,

Conversations on Intellectual Philosophy, or a familiar explanation of the Nature and operations of the Human Mind.

A New Year's Eve; and other Poems. By Ber. nard Barton.

The Interpositions of Divine Providence, selected exclusively from the Holy Scriptures. In one voiume, 12mo. By Joseph Fincher, Esq.

Typical Instruction considered and illustrated, and shown to be suited to all, but particularly the early Ages of the Church. By John Peers, A.M.

Purcell's Sacred Music is now, we perceive, to be collected and edited, and by a gentleman whom we should think fully adequate to the duty - Mr. Vincent Novello. The vocal secular Music of Purcell was collected and published by his widow two years after his decease, in 1695, under the title of Orpheus Britannicus; but his ecclesiastical compositions, which do equal honour to his skill and science, have remained scattered and detached in various works by other authors: and many of his Anthems, &c. still remain in MS. All these Mr. Novello proposes to bring into one entire work.

Mrs. Belzoni has issued a prospectus for publishing a complete Series of lithographic engravings, from the original model of the Egyptian Tomb, made by her husband, and now in her possession. The plates, we are informed, are upwards of eighty, and are published in numbers.

Part XVII. of The Animal Kingdom, described and arranged in conformity with its organization, by Baron Cuvier, is ready for publication. It contains additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and many not before noticed, with original matter. By E. Griffiths, F. R. S. and others. This Part will contain a continuation of the Order "Passeres. Class Aves" carefully collated with the second edition of the "Regne Animale" just published in Paris, and illustrated with highly finished ornithological engravings.