(e) Include more social and recreational activities in the program. (f) Build program upon basis of cooperation with other agencies; namely, rural rehabilitation and soil conservation, and resettlement projects.

II. (a) More definitely schedule and time the extension program to avoid the periods of heaviest work of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. (b) Train office assistants to handle more of the adjustment details. (c) Carefully select and train commodity-control committeemen in order that they may relieve the agent of more details of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration program and to be of more assistance to the agent with the educational program incident to each control campaign.

III. (a) If possible, keep at least three prospective county agents working under best agents as assistants, from which group a new agent would be selected.

(b) Keep before agents the methods and practices being used by the more successful agents.

IV. (a) Keeping some definite piece of work ahead for chosen leaders. (b) Some method of evaluating progress and some system of rewarding meretorious achievement in leadership.

(c) Avoid too rapid progress. Do not undertake the impossible or risk too much upon doubtful or revolutionary movements. Effective leadership has been destroyed by having it promote impractical schemes.

(d) Train the juniors for future leadership.

V. (a) Office together, if possible. Frequent conferences between district agents.

(b) Frequent conferences between county workers.

(c) Inculcate spirit of give and take. Impress importance of whole program.

(d) In case of conflicting personalities, shift or discontinue agent most to blame for lack of cooperation.

VI. (a) Study agents and help with suggestions and advice.

(b) Frequent and timely letters to agents with helpful suggestions and advice.

(c) Use specialists to train agents' need on subject matter.

(d) Help agents with organization meetings.

(e) Assist in organizing office for greater efficiency. Make need of new equipment known to county officials and urge supplying.

VII. (a) Promote the organization of local marketing groups, curb markets, truck routes, and assembling depots.

VIII. (a) Advise specialists of instances where their respective enterprise is not being pushed properly.

(b) Encourage specialists of reading monthly reports of agents.

(c) Assist specialist in keeping agents enthused in the project under way. IX. (a) Follow up the regional planning surveys and programs which have already been made in 11 counties.

(b) Summarize methods used and results achieved in the above, for use of agents in other counties.

X. (a) Create interest in recreation and try to interest the farm people in present opportunities for establishing parks, lakes, etc., under the national conservation program.

XI. (a) Assist agents in arranging tours of inspection of the soil-erosion projects which are being conducted in this area.

(b) Secure for agents all available material relating to the present soilconservation and utilization programs of the Department of Agriculture and Department of Interior.

XII. (a) Keep before agents importance of publicity.

(b) Encourage publicity by circularizing all agents with outstanding pieces of publicity prepared by other agents in district.

GOALS FOR 1934

I. (a) Every county in district cooperating for full-time agent. Wellequipped office with adequate clerical assistance.

(b) An extension organization functioning in each county.

(c) An organized community club in at least one community.

(d) Majority of farm boys of club age enrolled in 4-H club work with a definite project.

(e) The demonstration of a scientific and practical land-utilization program under way in at least one community in each county.

(f) A reserve of food and feed over the adequate supply.

Budget statement showing proposed apportionment of funds from all sources, State of Georgia, fiscal year ending June 30, 1937

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

DIRECTOR OF EXTENSION WORK,
Washington, D. C., May 7, 1937.

Extension work in the following approved subject-matter projects is carried on in the State of Tennessee: Agronomy, animal husbandry, clothing and household management, dairying, extension schools, farm forestry, farm management, foods, horticulture, marketing, nutrition and health, poultry husbandry, rural engineering.

The attached copies of the approved horticulture project and plan of work are typical of this group.

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE

BY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE UNDER THE TERMS OF THE GENERAL MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING DATED AUGUST 3, 1914

Project.-No. 19.

Name.-Horticulture.

Leader.-Extension specialist in horticulture.

Headquarters.-Knoxville, Tenn.

Date effective.-March 1, 1923.

Legal authority.-Smith-Lever Act and State and Federal laws appropriating funds for extension work as enumerated in the annual budget.

Object.-To demonstrate methods of more economic production and marketing of horticultural products.

Organization and cooperation.-The leader of this project shall furnish plans and outline methods of carrying on the work in communities, counties, districts, and the State. These plans will be submitted for approval to the Director of Extension, who will coordinate the various horticultural activities with the other activities of the Extension Service. Arrangements for the work shall be made through district and county agents or other persons designated by the Director of Extension. All work may be conducted in cooperation with such existing county, district, or State organizations as seem adapted to it.

Method of procedure.—(1) Demonstrations and instructions will be given to producers of horticultural products in methods of production: the control of insects and plant diseases; the preparation of various products for market; and the solution of other horticultural problems.

(2) A detailed plan for conducting each phase of the work under this project for the succeeding year will be drawn up before December 31 and submitted to the State extension director for approval. Soon thereafter, not later than April 1, the approved plan will be submitted by the State extension director to the Office of Cooperative Eextension Work, United States Department of Agriculture, and this plan, together with the budget for this project, when approved, shall become a part of this project for the year involved.

(3) Annual reports and special reports will be made through the State extension director as required by the State college of agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture.

CHARLES A. KEFFER.
State Director of Agricultural Extension.
A. C. TRUE,
Director of Extension Service.

PLAN OF WORK, 1936-PROJECT NO. 19

(W. C. Pelton, Extension Horticulturist)

FARM AND COMMERCIAL FRUIT INTERESTS

Tree fruits, except peaches, are not of large importance in Tennessee. The problems of commercial peach growing, largely climatic difficulties and those concerned with insect and disease control, are fairly well handled, so far as they can be handled, by other agencies.

Farm-fruit supplies and commercial apples are affected by several difficul ties that can be attacked through the extension service. Failure of apple trees in the seventh to tenth year after planting, owing to a root-rot disease. is the principal discouragement to home and fruit commercial apple growing.

From a quarter to a third of the trees die at this particular age. While the facts are not conclusive, it begins to appear that the disease comes to the farm on the roots of nursery trees, on which it cannot be readily distinguished. With respect to farm-orchard peaches, while the need for disease and insect control cannot be overlooked, a factor not regarded often enough is winter hardiness of bud and wood. Experience indicating that peaches are killed in the bud, 4 years out of 5, in certain localities, planters are not to be blamed for willingly taking chances on insects and diseases. It is thought that if hardier varieties can be found and made widely available so that there may be fruit available nearly every year, farmers can more easily be induced to provide adequate insect and disease control.

RESETTLEMENT FARM GARDENS

Some 4,000 families are to be supervised by officials of the Resettlement Administration. Both men and women county supervisors are concerned in the success of the farm gardens of these people, who operate on a budget basis and who therefore consider their gardens to have a cash value, possibly averaging $75 per farm.

Inasmuch as resettlement clients need guidance on fall and winter gardens and on insect control, it is estimated that at least $1 per family will be gained by proposed instruction to be furnished by the specialist.

4-H CLUB ACTIVITIES

It is anticipated that about 43,000 boys and girls will be enrolled in the club work in 1936, and that of these about a third will be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the service proposed by the specialist.

Two needs have arisen in 4-H club work in many counties. One is for lesson leaflets which will form the basis of monthly meetings in those counties whose agents continue to hold meetings in spring and summer and where the agents believe in giving instruction in all phases of farm life. The second need is for short-time projects which may be taken up in midsummer by young people who for adequate reasons have given up their initial projects and do not wish to drop out of club work.

CANNING TOMATOES

This industry has been on a decline in Tennessee, partly because prices of canned goods have not been satisfactory and partly because in some neighborhoods growers have not been able in the past to deliver tomatoes suited to a pack of high market value.

While tomato canning is not a large industry in the State as a whole, it is highly important in several counties as source of cash income. Moreover, in several counties the production of tomatoes for the cannery is a fundamental source of cash in the farm plans of resettlement clients and of other persons more or less needy. For both economic and humane reasons, therefore, work with canning tomatoes will be done in a few counties in which the need is greatest.

STRAWBERRY VARIETY AND CULTURAL IMPROVEMENT

Estimates for 1936 strawberry acreage, as of October, show that 17,000 acres will be harvested. This acreage varies from year to year, but represents fairly well the economic status of strawberries in Tennessee. Complaints of small size and poor pack of Tennessee strawberries in recent years suggest that steps be taken to improve the industry. Better cultural methods, improved varieties, and instruction in packing berries will help remove the difficulty.

USE OF GARDEN AND ORCHARD INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES

Aid to gardeners and orchardists in choice and use of insect- and diseasecontrol measures is often handicapped by unavailability of desirable material and equipment in the small towns of the State. It is also handicapped by lack of knowledge on the part of dealers and their clerks. These people perform a necessary function in the economic field and cannot be overlooked in an extension system planned primarily to benefit farming people. They supply information as well as material, and the information is too often wrong, as

when a clerk in the largest supply store in Nashville tried to sell the specialists summer peach spray that would certainly have defoliated the trees. His error was a natural one, due to similarity in the names of two common spray materials.

The schools for dealers and clerks, to be described later, are intended to remedy this deficiency of knowledge.

HOME GROUNDS AND PUBLIC GROUNDS IMPROVEMENT

In the 1935 better homes week campaign improvements in home grounds were reported as follows:

Number of homes with new fences or walls__
Number of homes with new shrubbery as screening.
Number of homes improving yards and lawns--
Number of homes with improved walks and drives....
Number of homes with improved base planting--

Total

Against this background of actual accomplishment in 1935 is to be placed the need of information on best methods felt by these 73,000 persons and the prospective need of the other 200,000 farm families in the State. That the desire for aid exists is reported daily by county farm and home agents.

Advice in improvement of public grounds is required of all agents at some time in every year. This is less spectacular than home-grounds improvement but necessary as a part of county extension programs.

SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS

Farm and commercial fruit interest.-The problems here, previously outlined, are to be attacked as follows:

I propose to encourage home propagation of peach and apple trees, upon stocks grown in the farm garden from locally produced seed. It is not argued that this is of universal adaptability nor that it will in all instances give better trees than are now available, but that the hunt for desirable seeds for stocks, the propagation of these stocks, learning to bud and graft, learning other needs of fruit trees, interest in local seedling trees of good quality, increase in hope that farm-fruit supplies may be restored-that these things will have a very wholesome effect upon farm orchards. Incidentally, I believe local apple and peach varieties of high value may be found, through this activity, more desirable for home planting than any commercial sorts. Such local varieties of apples were at one time collected by the Tennessee Experiment Station and reported upon in Experiment Station Bulletin, Vol. IX, No. 1.

In 1936 it is proposed to initiate this project chiefly through 4-H clubs in Grundy, Lewis, Putnam, Sumner, Overton, Cannon, Davidson, Dyer, Lauderdale, and Hamblen Counties. Single peach trees of hardy varieties will be furnished to one planter in each county who will agree to supply buds in June or August for use by members of a local 4-H club. The county agent will choose the club, assist members to find peach seed to plant, he will arrange for a demonstration by the specialist in June or August, and will give oversight to the work through the year. The specialist will advise the agent and club members upon the desirability of local sources of peach seed and of reported desirable local varieties.

First round of meetings with 4-H clubs will be made in June, the second round in late August. It is expected that four members of each club will be led to bud peaches at home and that of these three will succeed. Through these three a start will be made in the county toward improving the home peach supply by these means:

1. Demonstrations in peach budding will be arranged for these boys in other 4-H clubs.

2. Buds from the originally introduced peach trees will be furnished to other boys and to interested adults.

3. Additional peach varieties will be introduced, as budding trees or as bud sticks, whereby cooperating boys and adults may gradually build up small farm orchards of hardier peaches.