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Trustee. One who holds or is intrusted with property for the benefit of others, or for corporate bodies.

U.

Unalienable. Not capable of sale, transfer, or release.

Unconstitutional. Contrary or not agreeable to the Constitution. Use. The benefit or profit of lands and tenements, usually held by a trustee for the benefit of another.

Usury. A premium paid or promised for the use of money, beyond the rate of interest established by law. Illegal interest.

V.

V. This letter is often put for versus, or against, in legal documents.
Vendee. The purchaser, or person to whom a thing is sold.

Venue. The place or county in which an act or fact is alleged to have been committed.

Verdict. The unanimous decision of a jury, as reported to the court, on matters submitted to them in the trial of a cause civil or criminal. Verification. The act of proving to be true; confirmation. Veto. A Latin word, signifying I forbid. It is applied to the refusal of the executive to sign a bill passed by the legislature.

Vicinage. Contiguous or neighboring places.

Viva voce. Literally, by the living voice, or orally.

Void. Of no legal or binding force whatever, and incapable of confirma. tion or ratification.

Voidable. Capable of being avoided and adjudged invalid.

Vote. The means employed to express one's choice, preference, or will, either at elections, in legislative bodies, or in the course of other proceedings; sometimes done by balls, sometimes by written ballot, or by

the voice.

Voter. One who votes, or has the legal right to vote.

W.

Ward. An infant placed by authority of law under the care of a guar dian.

Warrant. A writ authorizing the arrest of a person to be brought be

fore the officer issuing the same, or some other officer of concurrent jurisdiction. It is directed to the sheriff or other officer authorized to make arrests. This is its usual application.

Warrantee. The person to whom land or other property is warranted

Warrantor. The person who makes a warranty.

Warranty. An engagement that a certain fact regarding the subject of

a contract is or shall be as expressly or impliedly promised by the

warrantor.

Will. The legal declaration of a person, in view of death, as to the manner in which he would have his property disposed of after that event. The instrument making this declaration.

Witness. A person who testifies in a court, on oath or affirmation, as to

his knowledge of the facts in issue between the parties. One who sub scribes to a piece of writing to authenticate it.

Writ. An instrument in writing, issued by a court or magistrate, com

manding the performance or non-performance of some act by the person to whom it is directed; as a writ of entry, execution, injunction, summons, &c.

INDEX.

A.

Absent members of Congress may be compelled to attend, 58, 83, 148, 149.
Account of receipts and expenditures of public money, to be published, 62, 90
214, 215.

Acts, public, of the States, faith to be given to, 68, 93, 230.

Adams, John, first Vice-President of the United States, 30; President, 296.
Adams, John Quincy, elected President of the United States by the House of
Representatives, 129; President, 297.

Adjournment of Congress, effect of, when bills are in the hands of the Presi
dent, 60, 89, 210; restrictions on each house in reference to, 58, 83, 152.

Affirmation, substitution of, for oath, 154.

Admiralty and maritime, 67, 105, 293, 294.

Alliances, States forbidden to enter into, 63, 96, 240, 241.

Ambassadors, appointment of, 66, 82, 102, 141, 144; reception of foreign, 66, 103,
279; definition of, 277.

Amendments to the Constitution, when the first twelve were made, 32; power of
Congress over, 69, 87, 202.

American Revolution, causes that led to the, 16.

American Colonies under the British Government, 11.

Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 67, 105, 294; meaning of, 290.
Appointments, power of Congress over, 66, 102, 201, 202; by the President, 66,
102, 275, 276.

Apportionment, of representatives, 56, 79, 106, 116-119; of direct taxes, 56, 84,
90, 157.

Appropriations, for armies, restrictions as to, 61, 90, 214, 215; must be made by
law before money can be drawn from the treasury, 62, 90, 214, 215.
Arkwright, Sir Richard, invents the spinning-jenny, 205.
Armies, Congress may raise and support, 61, 85, 184, 185.

Arms, on keeping and bearing, 70, 91, 224.

Army, standing, 187; of several European countries, 187, 188.

Arrest, members of Congress privileged from, under the Confederation, 47; under
the Constitution, 59, 99, 259, 260.

Arsenals, restrictions concerning, 194.

Articles of Confederation. See Confederation.

Arts and sciences, promotion of the, 61, 85, 179-181.

Attainder, bill of, not to be passed by the United States, 62, 90, 216; definition
of, 216; nor by the States, 63, 96, 245.

Attorneys-General, 310; list of, 311.
Authors, copyrights for, 61, 85, 178-180.

Ayes and Noes, in Congress, 58, 83, 150, 151.

B.

Bail, excessive, not allowed, 72, 98, 255; definition of, 255, 257.

Bankruptcy, power of Congress to pass a uniform law respecting, 60, 85, 171, 172.
Bankrupt laws by the States, forbidden, 172; definition of, 172.

Bills, power of the President to approve or negative, 59, 60, 88, 89, 209, 210.

Bills for raising revenue, to originate with the House of Representatives, 59, 80,
126, 128.

Bills of Attainder, not to be passed by Congress, 62, 90, 216; nor by the States, 63,
96, 216; definition of, 216.

Bills of credit, States forbidden to emit, 63, 96, 242; meaning of, 242; emissior
under the Confederation, 242.

Bills of indictment, 250, 253.

Borrowing money under the Confederation, 53; under the Constitution, by Con-
gress, 60, 84, 159, 160.

Breckinridge, John C., Vice-President of the United States, 298.

Bribery, impeachment for, 66, 93, 228.

Buchanan, James, President of the United States, 298.

Burr, Aaron, candidate for President of the United States, 128; is Vice-President,
297.

C.

Cabinet, the President's constitutional advisers, 312; their salaries, 312.
Calhoun, John C., twice Vice-President of the United States, 297.

Capitation taxes to be in proportion to the census, 62, 90, 157, 213.

Captures on land and water, Congress may make rules concerning, 61, 85, 184, 294.
Cartwright, Edmund, invents the power-loom, 205.

Ceded places, power of Congress over, 61, 62, 86, 193, 194.

Census, how and when made, 56, 80, 124-126.

Charter governments, 16.

Chief Justice to preside on the trial of the President by the Senate, 57, 82, 142,
146; salary of, 289.

Citizenship, privileges and immunities of, 68, 93, 106, 230; of representatives, 56,
79, 119, 120; of senators, 57, 80, 130, 131; of the President of the United States,
64, 100, 262.

Clay, Henry, candidate for the Presidency of the United States, 129.

Clinton, George, Vice-President of the United States, 297; is re-elected, 297.
Coin, domestic and foreign, value of, how regulated, 60, 84, 85, 169–171.

Colonial governments, divided into three classes, 14-16.

Colonies, unity of, 18.

Commerce, power of Congress to regulate, 60, 84, 166-168.

Commercial. Matters auxiliary to commerce, power of Congress over, 61, 84 85,
168-172.

Commissions issued by the President of the United States, 66, 103, 281.

Commissioners appointed by Maryland and Virginia, 24.

Committee of the States under the Confederation, 20, 21, 51.

Common law of England introduced into the Colonies, 14; definition of, 256.
Common defense, one of the objects of the Constitution to provide for, 55, 78, 10
165.

Compensation, of members of Congress, 59, 84, 154-156; of Judges of the Federal
Courts, 67, 105, 289; of cabinet officers, 312; of the President of the United
States, 65, 101, 272.

Confederation, Articles of, 18, 19; ratification of, 19; peculiarities of, 19, 20; copy
of, 45.

Confederation, decline and fall of, 21; defects of, 22.

Congress, first and second Continental, 18. Second, passed the Declaration of
Independence, 18; remained in session until the close of the Revolutionary
War, 18.

Congress, Constitutional, first meeting of, 30; composed of a Senate and House of
Representatives, 55, 78; power of, relating to finances, 60, 84, 157-166; commerce,
60, 84, 85, 166-172; penalties, 60, 85, 172–175; post-offices and post-roads, 61, 85,
175-178; patent and copy rights, 61, 85, 178-181; war, 61, 85, 86, 181-188; judiciary,
61, 67, 86, 188, 189; naturalization, 60, 86, 189-192; governing territory, 69, 86,
192, 193; the seat of government of the United States, 61, 86, 193, 194; other
ceded places, 61, 86, 194, 195; disposing of territory, 69, 86, 195; the admission
of new States into the Union, 68, 86, 195-197; State elections, 58, 86, 197, 198;
electors of President and Vice-President, 64, 87, 199; acts, records, and judicial
proceedings of States, 68, 87, 199, 200; imposts and duties by States, 63, 87, 200,
201; executive vacancy, 65, 87, 201; appointments to office, 66, 87, 201, 202; amend-
ments to the Constitution, 69, 87, 88, 202, 203; slavery and the slave-trade, 62, 74,
88, 203-205; general law-making, 62, 88, 205, 206.

Constitution of the United States, origin of, 23; ratification of, 31; amendments
to, 31; preamble to, 55, 78, 109-114; analysis of, 78.

Connecticut, settled, 13; original government of, 16; ratifies the Constitution, 31;
concession of territory by, 196.

Consuls, appointment of, 66, 102; definition of, 277.

Contracts, laws impairing the obligation of, prohibited, 63, 96, 243, 244; definition
of, 243.
See Glossary.

Controversies, judicial jurisdiction over, 67, 105, 295, 296.

Conviction, in cases of impeachment, 58, 82, 142, 145–147.

Copyright, how protected, 61, 85; necessary steps to secure, 179-181.

Counsel for accused, required by the Constitution, 71, 98, 254, 255.

Counterfeiting securities and current coin of the United States, punishable, 60,
85, 172, 173.

Crawford, William H., candidate for the Presidency of the United States, 129.
Credit, States forbidden to emit bills of, 63, 96, 241–243.

Crimes, impeachable, 66, 92, 93; committed on the high seas, 51, 85, 173, 174.
Criminals, delivering up fugitive, 68, 94, 233-235; not obliged to accuse themselves,
71, 98, 254; not to be tried twice, 71, 98, 250, 251.

Currency of the country, 169–171.

Custom-House, duties collected by, 158, 159.

D.

Dallas, George M., Vice-President of the United States, 298.

Debate, liberty of, in Congress, 59, 99, 259, 260.

Declaration of Independence, passed by second Continental Congress, 18; copy
of, 40.

Declaration of Rights, 18; copy of, 35.

Declaration of war, definition of, 182.

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