Debts, taxes laid and collected to pay, 60, 84, 164; amount of, at various periods,
160, 165; tender in payment of, 63, 96, 243; contracted before the adoption of the
Constitution, valid afterward, 69, 70, 91, 221, 222.

Defense, the common, provision for, 55, 78, 112.

Delaware, appendage of New York, 11, 12; afterward came under the jurisdiction
of Pennsylvania, 12; original government of, 16; adopts the Constitution, 31.
Departments of government, necessity of three, 33, 34, 78; division into, 114.
Departments, executive, 299–309, 312.

Direct taxes, not to be laid except in proportion to the census, 56, 90, 157; power of
Congress to lay and collect, 84, 157.

Discovery, right of, 11, 12.

District of Columbia, 193.

Domestic tranquillity, provision for insuring, 55, 78, 111, 112.

Duties, power of Congress to lay and collect, 60, 84, 157, 158; definition of, 158,
where collectible, 158.

E.

Electors of President and Vice-President, 64, 87, 199, 263, 264; of representatives,
56, 79, 123; of senators, 57, 81, 133, 134.

Establishment of religion by Congress, forbidden, 70 91, 224, 225.
Excises, power of Congress to lay and collect, 60, 84, 157; meaning of, 158.
Execution of the laws, the President to see to, 66, 103, 280, 281.

Executive Department, vested in a President, 63, 99, 260, 261; term of office of, 65,
99, 261, 262; eligibility to, 64, 100, 262, 263; election to, 63, 72, 73, 100, 263-271;
proceedings of electors to elect to, 72, 73, 100, 264-266; proceedings in Congress
to elect to, 73, 100, 101, 266, 267; when the House of Representatives elects to,
73, 101, 267, 268; oath of office on assuming the, 65, 101, 271; how the incumbent
of removable, 66, 101, 271; eligible to re-election, 263.

Ex post facto law, forbidden, 62, 63, 90, 96, 216, 217, 245.
Expenditures of money to be published, 62, 90, 214, 215.
Exports, duties on, forbidden, 62, 90, 213, 214.
Expulsion from Congress, 58, 83, 151, 152.

F.

Faith and credit given to public acts of States, 68, 93, 230.

Felony, Congress to define and punish, 61, 85, 173, 174; common-law definition of,
174.

Fillmore, Millard, Vice-President of the United States, 298; succeeded to the
Presidency on the death of President Taylor, 139; President, 298.

Fines, excessive, forbidden, 72, 98, 255, 256; definition of, 255.

Florida, acquisition of, 196; admisssion of into the Union, 197.

Foreign commerce, regulation of, 60, 84, 166, 167.

Foreign ministers to be received by the President, 66, 103, 279, 280.
Foreign patronage forbidden, 62, 63, 92, 227.

Forts, reservations respecting, 194.

Franklin, Benjamin, opinion of, on the veto, 210.

Freedom of the press and speech not to be abridged, 70, 91, 222, 223.

Freedom, religious, not to be prohibited, 70, 91, 222, 224, 225.

Fugitives, under the Confederation to be delivered up, 46; under the Constitution,
68, 94, 233-235.

G.

General welfare, provision for, 55, 78, 109, 165.

Georgia, settled, 13; original government of, 15; adopts the Constitution, 31; con-
cession of territory by, 196.

Gerry, Elbridge, Vice-President of the United States, 297.

Gold and silver, tender of, in payment of debts, 63, 96, 243.

Governments, the colonial, 14, 16; republican form of, guaranteed to the States,

69, 94, 232, 233.

Grand jury, indictments by, 71, 98, 251; definition of, 251.

Great Britain claimed the right to govern the colonies, 11; sovereign of, has
absolute veto, 209.

Guaranty of a republican form of government to the States, 69, 94, 232, 233.

H.

Habeas corpus, not to be suspended, 62, 90, 211, 213; example of, given, 213–215.
Hamlin, Hannibal, Vice-President of the United States, 298.

Harrison, William Henry, President of the United States, 298; died while in
office, 139.

Heads of Departments, the President may require the opinion of, 65, 102; table
of, 299-312.

High Seas, definition of, 174; power of Congress to punish crimes committed on,
61, 85, 173, 174.

Homestead law, general provisions respecting, 162.

House of Commons, in England, 127; bills for raising revenue must originate
in, 128.

House of Lords, 127; composed of the aristocracy of Great Britain, 155.
House of Representatives. See Representatives.

Houses of Congress, provisions common to both, 55, 58, 82-84, 148–156; quo-
rum, 58, 83, 148, 149; journal, 58, 83, 149; yeas and nays, 58, 83, 150, 151; business
rules, 58, 83, 151; penalties, 58, 83, 151, 152; prohibitions, 58, 83, 152, 153; official
oath, 70, 84, 153, 154; salaries, 59, 84, 154-156.

I.

Impeachment, House of Representatives, sole power of, 56, 80, 126, 127; Senate,
sole power to try, 57, 82, 145–147; proceedings in cases of, 126, 127, 143–147.

Imports, duties on, 158.

Importation of slaves. See slave-trade.

Imposts, power of Congress to lay and collect, 60, 84, 157, 158.

Independence, declaration of, 40.

Indians, treatment of, 12; their title to the soil, 12.

Indian Tribes, power of Congress to regulate commerce with, 60, 84, 168.

Indirect taxes, meaning of, 157, 158.

Inhabitancy, required of representatives, 56, 79, 119, 120; of senators, 57, 80,
130, 131.

Insolvent laws by the States, constitutional, 172.

Insurrections, militia may be called forth to suppress, 61, 86, 186, 187.

Inter-State commerce, 62, 90, 214.

Invasion, protection against, 61, 86, 94, 186, 187, 232, 233.

Invention, patents for, 61, 85, 180, 181.

J.

Jackson, Andrew, candidate for the Presidency of the United States, and de
feated, 129; elected twice afterward, 297.

Jefferson, Thomas, Vice-President, 297, elected President by the House of Rep-
resentatives, 128; serves two terms, 297.

Johnson, Andrew, Vice-President of the United States, 298; succeeds to the
Presidency on the death of President Lincoln, 139.

Johnson, Richard M., Vice-President of the United States, 298.

Journal of Congress to be kept, 58, 83, 149.

Judges, appointment and tenure of office of, 66, 67, 104, 287, 288; salary of, 67,
105, 289.

Judgment, in cases of impeachment 57, 82, 145-147; not pardonable by the Presi-
dent, 65, 102, 274.

Judicial Department, where vested, 66, 67, 104, 284, 285; judges of, how ap-
pointed, 66, 104, 287, 288, 289; oath of judges, 70, 104, 288; tenure of office in, 67,
104, 288; how judges of, removable, 66, 104, 289; jurisdiction of, 67, 105, 289–296.
Judicial power of the Senate, 57, 58, 82, 145.

Jurisdiction, original and appellate, 67, 105, 289–296.

Jury, trial by, 71, 98, 252, 253.

K.

King, William R., Vice-President of the United States, 298.

L.

Lands, public, disposal of, 160-163; jurisdiction of the Federal Courts respecting
titles to, 67, 105, 294.

Land-titles, origin of, in this country, 13.

Law, definition of, 290.

Law and fact, jurisdiction of the Federal Courts as to, 67, 105, 293, 294.

Law of nations, offenses against, 61, 85, 174.

Laws for new countries, 14; mode of passing, in Congress, 59, 60, 88, 89, 207-210;
power of Congress to make all necessary and proper, 62, 88, 205, 206; ex post
facto forbidden, 62, 63, 90, 96, 216, 217, 245; impairing the obligation of contracts
forbidden, 63, 96, 241, 243, 244.

Law-making, process of, 59, 60, 88, 89, 207-211.

Legal tender in payment of debts, 63, 96, 241, 243, 244.

Letters of marque and reprisal, Congress may grant, 61, 85, 181, 183; States forbid.
den to grant, 63, 96, 244, 245.

Liberty, securing the blessings of, 55, 78, 113, 114.

Lincoln, Abraham, died while President, 139; twice elected President, 298, 299.
Louisiana, acquisition of, 196; admitted into the Union, 196.

M.

Madison, James, twice elected President, 297.

Marque and reprisal, Congress may grant letters of, 61, 85, 181, 183; definition
of, 183.

Massachusetts, settlement of, 13; called a meeting of first Continental Congress,
18; ratifies the Constitution, 31; concession of territory by, 196.

Maryland, settlement of, 13; original government of, 16; appoints commissioners
to meet with Virginia commissioners, 24; ratifies the Constitution, 31.
Measures and weights, power of Congress to fix the standard of, 60, 85, 171.

Meetings of Congress, 58, 88, 206, 207.

Membership of either house of Congress, how determined, 58, 82, 148.

Militia, power of Congress over, 61, 85, 186, 187; discipline and government of the,
61, 85, 186, 187; importance of the, 187.

Ministers, public, appointment of, 65, 66, 102, 275, 276; foreign, reception of, 66,
103, 279, 280; jurisdiction of the judiciary over, 67, 105, 291.

Money, power of Congress to borrow, 60, 84, 157, 159; regulating the value of, 60,
84, 170; and of foreign coin, 60, 84, 170, 171; punishment for counterfeiting, 60,
85, 173; appropriation of, for armies, limited, 61, 90, 214, 215; States forbidden to
coin, 63, 96, 241, 242; public, not to be drawn from the treasury unless appro-
priated by law, 62, 90, 214, 215; power of Congress to coin, 60, 84, 169.
Monroe, James, twice elected President of the United States, 297

N.

Naturalization, power of Congress over the subject of, 60, 86, 189.

Navy, Congress may provide and maintain a, 61, 85, 185, definition of, 185.

Negative of the President on laws, 59, 60, 89, 209, 210.

New Hampshire, settled, 13; original government of, 15; ratifies the Constitution,
31; concession of territory by, 196.

New Jersey, settled, 13; adopts the Constitution, 31.

New States, power of Congress to admit into the Union, 68, 86, 192, 196.

New York, settled, 11, 13; original government of, 15; ratifies the Constitution, 31;
concession of territory by, 196.

Nobility, titles of, forbidden, 62, 63, 90, 96, 215, 245.

North Carolina, settled, 13; original government of, 15; ratifies the Constitution.
31; concession of territory by, 196.

0.

Oath of office, by members of Congress, 70, 84, 154; by judges of the Supreme
Court, 70, 283; by the President of the United States, 65, 101, 271.

Obligation of contracts, States forbidden to pass laws impairing, 63, 96, 243, 244.
Office, tenure of by representatives, 56, 79, 121, 122; tenure of by senators, 57, 80,

132, 133; disqualifications of members of Congress respecting, 59, 79, 80, 120, 121,
130, 132; tenure of by the President, 63, 99, 261, 262; tenure of by the Vice,
President, 63, 104, 283; appointments to, 65, 66, 102, 275, 276; removal from, 66,
276, 277; tenure of by judges, 67, 105, 287, 288.

Officers, provisions relating to, 59, 63, 64, 92, 107, 227, 228; not allowed to accept
foreign patronage, 62, 63, 92, 227; the President, 65, 92, 260-281; impeachment of,
57, 58, 66, 92, 93, 228; Federal, to be commissioned by the President, 66, 103, 281.
Original and appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 67, 105, 291–295.

P.

Pardons, the President has the power of granting, except in cases of impeachment,
65, 102, 274; definition of, 274.

Patent rights, 61, 85, 178, 180; method of procuring, 180.

Penalties, either house of Congress may inflict, 68, 83, 151, 152.

Pennsylvania, settled, 13; original government of, 15; ratifies the Constitution,
31.

People, Constitution framed by the, 55, 78, 109; right of to peaceably assemble, and
petition for a redress of grievances, 70, 91, 222, 224.

Personal rights as to domicile, 71, 97, 249, 250; as to security of person, house,
papers, and effects, 71, 97, 249, 250; judicial, 71, 98, 250-252; as to criminal trials,
71, 72, 98, 252–254; as to civil actions, right of trial by jury, 72, 99, 256, 257; as to
charges of treason, 67, 68, 99, 257-259; as to arrest, freedom of speech and debate,
59, 99, 259, 260.

Piracies, power of Congress to define and punish, 61, 85, 173-175; definition of, by
common law, 173, 174.

Philadelphia, Constitutional Convention met at, 27.

Pierce, Franklin, President of the United States, 298.

Polk, James K., President of the United States, 298.

Population, progress of in the United States, 126.

Postmasters, appointment of, 176.

Post-Offices and post-roads, 61, 85, 175-178.

Preamble to the Constitution, 55, 78, 109; exposition of the, 109-114.

Presents to persons in office forbidden, 62, 63, 92, 227.

President of the Senate, Vice-President of the United States, 57, 81, 137, 139–141.
President of the Senate pro tempore, not Vice-President of the United States,
139-141.

President of the United States, impeachment and trial of, 66, 101, 271; cannot
pardon in cases of impeachment, 65, 102, 274; power of to approve and negative
bills, 59, 60, 88, 89, 207, 209-211; commander-in-chief of the army and navy, 65, 102,
272, 273; his power to call out the militia, 187, 273; tenure of office of the, 63, 99,
261, 262; mode of electing the, 72, 73, 100, 101, 263-267; qualifications for, 64,
100, 262, 263; provision for vacancy of the office of the, 65, 87, 201; compensation
of the, 65, 101, 272; oath taken by the, 65, 101, 271; powers of the, 65, 66, 102,
103, 272; may require the opinion of the heads of the Departments, 65, 102, 273;
power of, to grant reprieves and pardons, 65, 102, 274; to make treaties, 65, 102,
274, 275; power of, to make appointments to office, 65, 66, 102, 275-277; to give
information to Congress, 66, 102, 278, 279; to convene and adjourn Congress, 66,
102, 103, 279; to receive ambassadors and other public ministers, 66, 103, 279, 280;
shall see that the laws are faithfully executed, 66, 103, 280, 281; shall commission
all officers of the United States, 66, 103, 281; may be re-elected, 263.
Presidents of the United States, table of, 296; of the Senate pro tempore, list of
314.

Press, liberty of the, 70, 91, 223.