ART. VIII.-OFFICIAL OATH.

The senators and representatives shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States. 81.

ART. IX.-SALARIES.

1. The members shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law; and,

2. The same shall be paid out of the treasury of the United States. 21.

1. Resources.

CHAPTER IV.

POWERS OF CONGRESS.

ARTICLE I.-FINANCES.

1st. To lay and collect taxes, uniform duties, imposts and excises. 26.

But all direct taxes must be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers. 5,

47.

2d. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 27. 3d. To dispose of the territory belonging to the United States. 4th. To dispose of other property belonging to the United States. 76.

2. Disbursements.

1st. To pay the debts of the United States.

2d. To provide for the common defense.

3d. To provide for the general welfare of the United States. 26.

To regulate commerce,

ART. II.-COMMERCE.

1. With foreign nations;

2. Among the several States;

3. With the Indian tribes. 28.

ART. III.-COMMERCIAL.

1. To coin money;

2. To regulate the value thereof;

3. To regulate the value of foreign coin ;

4. To fix the standard of weights and measures. 30.

5. To establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. 29.

ART. IV. -PENALTIES.

1. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting,
1st. The securities of the United States;

2d. The current coin of the United States. 31.
2. To define piracies and felonies committed on the high seas,
and offenses against the law of nations ;

3. Also to provide for punishing these crimes. 35.
4. To declare the punishment of treason. 70.

ART. V.-- POSTAL.

1. To establish post-offices;

2. To establish post-roads. 32.

ART. VI.- PATENT AND COPY RIGHTS.

To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times,

1. To authors, the exclusive right to their respective writings; 2. To inventors, the exclusive right to their respective discoveries. 33.

1. To declare war;

ART. VII.-WAR.

2. To grant letters of marque and reprisal;

3. To make rules concerning captures on land and water. 36. 4. To raise and support armies. 37.

5. To provide and maintain a navy. 38.

6. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. 39.

7. To provide, 1st. For organizing, arming, and disciplining the

militia;

2d. For governing such part of the militia as may be employed in the service of the United States. 41.

3d. For calling forth the militia,

1st. To execute the laws of the Union;
2d. To suppress insurrections;

3d. To repel invasions. 40.

ART. VIII.-JUDICIARY.

1. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. 34. 2. To determine by law where the trials of crimes shall be held which are not committed within any State. 68.

3. May make exceptions and regulations in cases over which the Constitution gives the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction. 67.

ART. IX.-NATURALIZATION.

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization. 29.

1. Government. To make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory belonging to the United States. 76. 2. Seat of Government. - To exercise exclusive legislation in all

cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States. 42.

B. Public Works. — Also over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection, 1st, of forts; 2d, magazines; 3d, arsenals; 4th, dockyards; and, 5th, other needful buildings. 42.

4. Alienation. To dispose of the territory belonging to the United States. 76.

5. New States.

1. Elections.

May admit new States into the Union. 75.

ART. XI.-STATES.

May alter the times, places, and manner of bolding elections for senators and representatives prescribed in the several States, by the legislatures thereof, except as to the places of choosing senators. 15.

2. Electors of President and Vice-President. May determine, 1st. The time when the States shall choose their electors of

President and Vice-President of the United States;

2d. Also the day on which the electors shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 55.

3. Acts, Records, Judicial Proceedings. - May by general laws. prescribe the manner in which the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the several States shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 71.

4. Imposts and Duties.

May revise and control any State laws in reference to laying any imposts or duties on imports or exports. 52.

ART. XII.-EXECUTIVE VACANCY.

1. May by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President.

2. May by law declare what officer shall then act as President, until, 1st. Such disability be removed; or,

2d. A President shall be elected. 57.

ART. XIII.-APPOINTMENTS.

May by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper,

1. In the President alone;

2. In the courts of law; or,

3. In the heads of departments. 61.

ART. XIV.-CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS.

1. Shall propose amendments to the Constitution whenever twothirds of both houses of Congress shall deem it necessary; or, 2. On application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, Congress shall call a convention for proposing amend

ments.

3. May propose either of two modes of ratifying the proposed amend

ments:

1st. By the State Legislatures (78); or,
2d. By State Conventions.

ART. XV.-SLAVERY.

1. Shall have power to enforce the abolition of slavery by appropriate legislation. 98.

2. While the foreign slave-trade was lawful (until 1808), Congress had the power to impose a tax or duty not exceeding ten dollars on each slave imported. 44.

ART. XVI.-GENERAL LAW-MAKING.

Shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers vested by the Constitution,

1. In the government of the United States; or,

2. In any department thereof; or,

3. In any officer thereof. 43.

1. Shall assemble at least once in every year; which meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless, 2. They shall by law appoint a different day. 16.

CHAPTER V.

LAW-MAKING.

ARTICLE I.-PROCEEDINGS.

A bill may become a law through any one of the three following processes:

FIRST PROCESS.

1. The bill shall pass both houses of Congress. 2. It shall then be presented to the President: 3. If he approve, he shall sign it. 24.

SECOND PROCESS.

1. The bill shall pass both houses of Congress; 2. It shall then be presented to the President;