ing the bourgeoisie and establishing the proletarian dictatorship.— "Theses and Resolutions of the VI World Congress of the Communist International"-International Press Correspondence, vol VIII, No. 84, November 28, 1928, pp. 1596-7.

[From the New York Times, December 7, 1960, p. C 15]

FROM TEXT OF STATEMENT BY LEADERS OF 81 COMMUNIST PARTIES AFTER MEETING IN MOSCOW

The arms race is not a war-deterrent, nor does it make for a high degree of employment and well-being to the population. It leads to

war.

Only a handful of monopolies and war speculators are interested in the arms race. In the capitalist countries the people constantly demand that military expenditures be reduced and the funds thus released be used to improve the living conditions of the masses.

In each country it is necessary to promote a broad mass movement for the use of the funds and resources to be released through disarmament for the needs of civilian production, housing, health, public education, social security, scientific research, etc. Disarmament has now become a fighting slogan of the masses, a pressing historical necessity. By an active and resolute struggle, the imperialists must be made to meet this demand of the peoples.

FROM KHRUSHCHEV'S SPEECH, JANUARY 6, 1961

[Before a meeting of the party organizations in the Higher Party School, the Academy of Social Sciences, and the Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the Central Committee of the CPSU]

"The struggle for disarmament is an active struggle against imperialism, for restricting its military potentialities. Peoples must do everything to achieve the prohibition and destruction of atomic weapons and all other mass destruction weapons. Peace will then be insured and there will open before peoples the most favorable prospects for organizing their lives in accordance with their aspirations and interests." [Italics supplied.]

SPEECH OF GENERAL SECRETARY LEONID BREZHNEV

[Before opening session of 24th Congress of CPSU, March 30, 1971]

Comrades, one of the most important international problems of present times is disarmament. We have striven to achieve concrete results which would diminish the threat of war, and to prevent peoples from becoming accustomed to the idea that the arms race is an unavoidable evil. During the period under review, the agreement on the nonproliferation of nuclear arms has been drawn up and has come into force. Although not all states, including some nuclear powers, have so far become parties to this agreement, to a certain degree it reduces the danger of nuclear war. The important thing now is for the FRG, Japan, Italy, and other countries to ratify this agreement they have signed.

Treaties have been concluded to prohibit the orbiting of nuclear weapons and their placement on the sea and ocean beds. But these achievements are only the first step. Our aim is to achieve a position where nuclear energy serves exclusively peaceful ends. We are holding talks with the United States on strategic arm limitation. Their favorable outcome would make it possible to avoid a new round in the missile arms race and to divert considerable resources to creative purposes. We are striving to insure that they will bring positive results. I should like to stress, however, that any talks on disarmament, let alone talks like these, in which extremely delicate military technical aspects are introduced for discussion, can only be productive if the interests of the security of the parties are considered equally and if no one seeks unilateral advantage. The struggle to end the arms race, both nuclear and conventional, the struggle for disarmament, right up to general and complete disarmament, will continue to be one of the important directions of the activities of the CPSU and the Soviet state in foreign policy. [Applause.]

To step up the struggle for an end to the arms race in all its forms, we declare ourselves in favor of convening a worldwide conference to examine every aspect of the disarmament question. We are for the liquidation of foreign military bases. We come out in favor of a reduction of armed forces and armaments in areas where armed confrontation is especially dangerous, primarily in Central Europe. We believe that it would be expedient to work out measures to reduce the possibility of the accidental occurrence or premeditated fabrication of military incidents and their development into international crises and war. The Soviet Union is prepared to come to terms on a reduction of military expenditure, primarily by the major states.

BREZHNEV SPEECH, MARCH 30, 1971

The main concrete tasks of this struggle in the present situation, in the CPSU's view, are the following:

To liquidate hotbeds of war in Southeast Asia and the Middle East and to facilitate a political settlement in these regions on a basis of respect for the legitimate rights of states and peoples which have been subjected to aggression; to give an immediate and firm rebuff to any acts of aggression and international arbitrariness.

For this purpose the possibilities of the United Nations must also be used in full measure. The renunciation of the use of force and of the threat of its use for solving vexing questions must become a law in international life. For its part, the Soviet Union propose to countries which share this approach that appropriate bilateral or regional

treaties be concluded.

To proceed on a basis of final recognition of the territorial changes which took place in Europe as a result of World War II.

To implement a radical turn towards relaxation and peace in this continent.

To facilitate the convocation and success of an all-European conference.

To do everything to insure collective security in Europe.

We confirm the readiness jointly expressed by the member-countries of the defensive Warsaw Pact to the simultaneous cancellation [annulirovaniye] of this treaty and the North Atlantic Alliance, or as a first step, the liquidation of their military organizations.

To conclude treaties prohibiting nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological weapons.

To seek an end everywhere and by everyone of nuclear weapons tests, including underground tests.

To promote the creation of nonnuclear zones in various parts of the world. We are for nuclear disarmament by all states which have nuclear weapons and for convening to this end a conference of the five nuclear powers-the Soviet Union, the United States of America, the People's Republic of China, France, and Britain.

[Moscow TASS International Service in English, September 10, 1971] WORLD DISARMAMENT AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARD WORLD PEACE

"The development of world events imperiously dictates the need to intensify the efforts of all countries, both nuclear and non-nuclear, both big and small, to solve the problems of disarmament. It is the attainment of this noble and humane aim that the new Soviet proposal on a world disarmament conference is called upon to serve. The Soviet proposal points out that, in the opinion of the Soviet Union, a world disarmament conference could consider the entire complex of disarmament problems pertaining both to nuclear and conventional armaments, the article says. Defined as such can be both the problem of general and complete disarmament and such partial measures to ease international tension and slow down the arms race as, say, the banning of chemical weapons, an end to nuclear tests including underground ones, the creation of denuclearised zones in various parts of the world, cuts in military spending by states, by big states in the first place, and other matters.

"The holding of such a conference by no means can and should diminish the importance of other forms and channels which are already used for talks on disarmament-such as, for instance, the committee on disarmament."

ART AND CULTURE

[From Peking Review, July 30, 1971]

“UPHOLD THE MARXIST THEORY OF CLASSES, CRITICIZE THE 'THEORY OF HUMAN NATURE'

(By Wen Chun)

STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE TWO LINES ON THE LITERARY AND ART FRONT

Two diametrically opposed political lines and literary and art lines emanate from the Marxist theory of classes and from the landlord and

capitalist classes' theory of human nature, and this inevitably leads to a sharp struggle between the two lines. Chairman Mao has pointed out: "In the world today all culture, all literature and art belong to definite classes and are geared to definite political lines." Different classes have different literature and art; the literary and art line of each class stems from its own political line. While the literature and art and the literary and art lines of different classes are determined by the political lines of their own classes, they in turn serve these political lines.

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*** Revolutionary literature and art must propagate the concept of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, educate the masses in the communist spirit, criticize the bourgeoisie and revisionism in a deep-going way, and fight for the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

[From People's World Magazine, July 31, 1971, pp. M-11-M-12 (article excerpts from the Declaration approved by the First National Congress on Education and Culture, held in Havana April 23–30, 1971)]

"CUBA-DECLARATION ON CULTURE"

Art is a weapon of the Revolution.

A product of the fighting spirit of our people.

A weapon against the penetration of the enemy.

The socialist revolution as such is the greatest achievement of Cuban culture and, with this great truth in mind, we are determined to continue the battle for its highest possible development.

Our art and literature will be a valuable tool for the formation of our young people in the spirit of revolutionary morals, excluding selfishness and other aberrations typical of bourgeoisie culture.

Culture in a collectivist society is a mass activity, not the monopoly of an elite or the decoration of a chosen few or the free franchise of those with no roots in society.

We reject the claims of the Mafia of pseudoleftist bourgeoisie intellectuals to become the critical conscience of society. The people themselves are the critical conscience of society; in the first place, the working class, prepared by its historic experience and revolutionary ideology to understand and judge more clearly than any other social sector the acts of the Revolution.

ATHEISM

[Baku Bakinskiy Rabochiy, August 12, 1971]

GOALS OF ATHEISTIC PROPAGANDA DESCRIBED

"The heart of all the ideological-educational work of the party," said Comrade L. I. Brezhnev in the CC review report to the 24th CPSU Congress, "is the building of the Communist world outlook in the great masses of workers and their indoctrination in the MarxistLeninist ideals."

An important place in the many-sided and multifaceted work of the party organizations for building the communist world outlook in the Soviet people is vested in atheistic propaganda. The urgency of this task is conditioned by the fact that, in its attempts to regain its lost positions of strength and to reverse the course of history, international reaction is mobilizing all the clerical forces capable of resisting socialist ideology. One of the forces thus marshaled by imperialism is religion.

*

The documents of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of Azerbaydzhan stress the fact that many of the party organizations are still doing a poor job in dissemination of atheistic propaganda and are a long way from exploiting all the possibilities for building a scientific world outlook among the workers.

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*

*

*

To pursue these goals the party organizations can and must employ various means of influencing the individual a conversation in his home, a meeting in the apartment building, or a lecture which debunks the myths of religion. But there is also the enlightened story of the triumph of man's intelligence, the victories of the scientific-technical revolution, and the story of man himself-man as builder and creator. It is important that each such meeting, each such conversation be kindly and confidential, that it call forth in the believer a striving to expand his knowledge, and that it instill in him a desire to take a scientific book in his hands; and this, as we know, is a direct path to scientific-atheistic literature.

It is necessary, in addition, to debunk religion itself, to bring it out into the open, and to expose it before a large audience. And it is essential that the people who are believers be in attendance for this. It is necessary to proceed scientifically from positions of militant materialism and to demonstrate thereby the bankruptcy of religious dogma. It is necessary to administer a rebuff to all the intrigues of the bourgeois clergy, who are busy spreading lies about the past and present status of religion and the church in our country.

CLASS STRUGGLE

FROM SPEECH OF GENERAL SECRETARY LEONID BREZHNEV

[Before opening session of 24th Congress of CPSU, March 30, 1971]

The conference of fraternal parties, as is known, came to the conclusion that the present large-scale battles of the working class are the forerunners of new class battles which could bring about fundamental social changes, the establishment in power of the working class in alliance with other sections of the working people. [Applause.]

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