Pullies, terminate at the upper Boards of three Pair of Bellows placed in the upper Part of the Pedestal, before and at the Top.

Each String, as it ftretches, when it begins to draw the Board of the Bellows, to which it is fix'd, moves a Lever placed above, between the Axis and the double Pullies in the middle Part of the loweft Space of. the Pedestal. That Lever, by Means of different leading Pieces, terminates at the Valve of the lower Board of each Bellows, and keeps it raifed, that the Air may go thro' without any Resistance, whilft the upper Board, as it rifes, encreases the Cavity of the Bellows. By this Method, befides gaining Force, we avoid the Noife which that Valve commonly makes, as the Air causes it to tremble when it comes into the Bellows: Thus the nine Bellows are moved without any Shake, or Noise, and with but a fmall Force.

These nine Bellows communicate their Wind, in three different and feparate Pipes. Each Pipe receives that of three Pair of Bellows: The three which are in the lower Part of the Pedestal on the right Hand forwards communicate their Wind to a Pipe which runs up along the upright Piece of the Pedestal on the fame Side; and these three Bellows are loaded with a Weight of four Pounds each: The three which are on the left Hand in the fame Row, give their Wind thro' a Pipe like the former, which rifes along the upright Piece on the fame Side; and those below are only loaded with two Pounds each: The three Pair of Bellows, which are in the upper Part of the Pedestal, give their Wind thro' a Pipe which runs horizontally under them, and are loaded only with the Weight of their upper Boards.

These three Pipes, by different Elbows, end in three small Receptacles in the Breaft of the Figure. There they re-unite into one, which goes up thro' the Throat, or Wind-Pipe, and widening, makes a Cavity in the Mouth terminated by two Lips which bear upon the Hole of the Flute: Thefe Lips give the Wind a greater or lefs Iffue, as they are more or lefs open; for the Performance of which, as well as that of coming forward or being drawn back, there is a particular Piece of Mechanifm.

Within the fore-mentioned Cavity or Mouth there is a little moveable Tongue, which by its Play can open or fhut the Paffage of the Wind that goes thro' the Lips of the Figure.

By this Mechanifm is the Wind conducted to the Flute; and by the following Contrivances it is modified,

In the Fore-part of the Pedestal on the Left, there is another Movement, which by its Wheel-work, turns a Cylinder or Barrel two Foot and an half long, and fixty four Inches in Circumference, divided into fifteen equal Parts, of an Inch and an half each.

In the Back of the Pedcital, in the upper Part of it, is a Key-Frame, drawing or bearing on the Barrel, made of fifteen very moveable Levers, whofe Ends on the Infide have a little Nib or lifting Piece of Steel, which answers to each Divifion of the Barrel.

At the other End of thefe Levers are faften'd Wires and Chains of Steel, which lead to the different Receptacles of Wind, to the Fingers, to the Lips, and to the Tongue of the Figure.

Thole which answer to the different Receptacles of Wind, are three

in

in Number, and their Chains rife perpendicularly up the Back of the Figure to the Breaft, where they end, being each fix'd to the Valve of one of the Receptacles: And this Valve being open, fuffers the Wind to pass into the Pipe of Communication, which rises, as I have already faid, thro' the Wind-Pipe into the Mouth.

The Levers, which move the Fingers, are feven, and their Chains alfo rife perpendicularly quite up to the Shoulders; where they make an Angle or Bend, to go thro' the upper Part of the Arm to the Elbow, where they bend again to run along the Arm as far as the Wrift, where each of them ends in a Joint fixed to a Tenon made by the End of each Lever contain'd in the Hand, imitating the Bone call'd Metacarpos, which, in the same Manner, makes a Joint with the Bone of the firft Phalanx: So that the Chain being drawn, the Finger may rife.

Four of these Chains are inferted in the right Arm, to move the four Fingers of that Hand; and three in the left Arm for three Fingers, there being only three Holes which answer to that Hand.

On the End of each Finger is a Bit of Leather, to imitate the Softness of the natural Finger, that the Holes may be exactly stopp'd.

The Levers of the Key-Frame, which answer to the Motion of the Mouth, are four in Number: The Steel Wires which are faften'd to them make Leaders to go to the Middle of a Ratchet within; and there are faften'd to Chains, which rife perpendicularly parallel to the BackBone in the Body of the Figure, whence paffing thro' the Neck, they come into the Mouth, where they are faften'd to thofe Pieces, which, being fix'd to the Lips within, give them four different Motions: The one opens them to give the Wind a great Iffue; the next contracts the Paffage in bringing them nearer together; the third draws them back; and the fourth makes them advance over the Edge of the Hole.

The Key-Frame has but one Lever more, and to it is fasten'd a Chain which rifes like the reft, and is to move the Tongue behind the Lips when the Hole is to be ftop'd.

These fifteen Levers answer to the fifteen Divifions of the Barrel, by their Ends which have the Steel Elbows or lifting Pieces, at an Inch and an half Distance from each other: When the Barrel turns, the Bars of Brass fix'd upon its divided Lines meet with the lifting Pieces, and keep them raifed a longer or a fhorter Time, according as thofe Bars are longer or fhorter: And as the Ends of all those lifting Pieces make one right Line, parallel to the Axis of the Barrel, cutting all the Lines of Divifion at right Angles; every Time that a Bar is fix'd at each Line, and that all the Ends of thofe Bars make amongst them also a right Line, and parallel to that which is form'd by the lifting Pieces of the Levers, each End of a Bar (as the Barrel turns) will touch and raife at the fame Time the End of a Lever; and the other Ends of the Bars likewife forming a right Line parallel to the first, will, by the Equality of the Length of the Bars, each let fall its Lever at the fame Time. Thus all the Levers may act, and at the fame Time concur to the fame Operation, if it be neceffary.

When there is only Occafion for fome of the Levers to act, you place Bars only at those Divifions which answer to those Levers which you would have to move: You may even determine the Time, by placing

them

them nearer to, or farther from the Line formed by the lifting Pieces : and their Action may end fooner or later, according to the different Length of the Bars.

The End of the Axis of the Barrel on the right Hand is terminated by an endless Screw with fingle Threads diftant from one another a Line and an half, containing twelve Threads, which make an Inch and an half in Length, equal to the Divifions of the Barrel.

Above this Screw a Piece of Brafs is fix'd to the Pedestal Frame, which holds a Pivot of Steel, of about one Line Diameter, that falls in between the Threads of the Screw, and serves instead of a Nut to it; fo that the Barrel in turning is obliged to follow the fame Direction as the Threads of the Screw, being guided by the Steel Pivot which is fix'd: Thus, as the Barrel turns round, each Point of it will defcribe a Spiral Line; and consequently make a progreffive Motion from Left to Right.

By this Method each Division of the Barrel, determined at first under each End of a Lever, will change its Point at every Revolution, because it will recede from it a Line and an half, which is the fame Distance as the Threads of the Screw.

Therefore, the End of the Levers faften'd to the Key-Frame remaining unmoveable, and those Points of the Barrel, to which they anfwered at first, moving away each Moment from the Perpendicular, by forming a fpiral Line (which by the progreffive Motion of the Barrel, is always directed to the fame Point, that is, to the End of each Lever) it follows, that the End of each Lever meets every Moment new Points upon the Bars of the Barrel; which are never repeated, because they form Spirals between them, which make twelve Turns upon the Barrel, before the firft Point of the Divifion can come under another Lever than that under which it was first determin'd.

In this Space of an Inch and an half all the Bars are plac'd, which Bars themselves alfo form fpiral Lines, that the Lever (under which each of them must pass during the twelve Turns of the Barrel) may act,

As one Line changes in respect of its Lever, all the other Lines change in respect of theirs; thus, each Lever has twelve Lines of Bars of fixty four Inches in Length, which all go under it, and which all together make a Line of seven Hundred and fixty eight Inches long. Upon this Line are fixed all the Bars fufficient for the Action of the Lever during the whole Play.

What remains is to fhew, how these different Motions have contributed to produce the Effect which I propofed in this Automaton, comparing them with those of a living Perfon."

To make it produce Sound from the Flute, and form the firft Note, which is D below, I begin first to difpofe the Mouth; for which End, I fix upon the Barrel a Bar under the Lever, which answers to thofe Parts of the Mouth that ferve to encrease the Opening of the Lips. Secondly, I fix a Bar under that Lever which ferves to draw back those Lips. Thirdly, I fix a Bar under that Lever which opens the Valve of that Receptacle of Wind, which is fupplied by the fmall Bellows that are not loaded. Laftly, I fix a Bar under the Lever which moves

A Line is the twelfth Part of an Inch.

the

the Tongue, to give a Stroke with the Tongue; fo that these Bars in the fame Time touching the four Levers, which ferve to produce the forefaid Operations, the Flute will found D below.

By the Action of the Lever, which encreases the Opening of the Lips, the Action of a living Man is imitated, who encreafes that Opening for the low Sounds.

By the Lever which draws back the Lips, I imitate the Action of a Man who removes them farther from the Hole of the Flute, by turning it outwards.

By the Lever which gives Wind from the unloaded Bellows, I imitate the weak Wind which a Man gives, when he drives it out of the Receptacle of his Lungs, by only a light Compreffion by the Muscles of his Breaft.

By the Lever which moves the Tongue, in unftopping the Hole thro' which the Lips let the Wind pafs, I imitate the Motion of a Man's Tongue, when he pulls it back from the Hole to give Paffage to the Wind to articulate fuch a Note.

It will then follow, from thofe four different Operations, that by giving a weak Wind, and making it pafs thro' a large Iffue in the whole Bignels of the Hole of the Flute, its Return will produce flow Vibrations, which must be continued in all the Parts of the Body of the Flute, becaufe all the Holes will be fhut, and according to the Principle before mentioned, the Flute will give a low Sound; and this is confirm'd by Experience.

If I would make the Flute found the Note above, namely E, to the four firft Operations for D, I add a fifth; I fix a Bar under the Lever, which raifes the third Finger of the Right Hand to unftop the fixth Hole of the Flute; and I make the Lips to come a little nearer to the Hole of the Flute, by fixing or making a little lower the Bar of the Barrel which held up the Lever for the firft Note, namely for D. Thus giving an Iffue to the Vibrations fooner, by unftopping the first Hole from the End, as I faid above, the Flute muft found a Note above; which is alfo confirm'd by Experience.

All these Operations will be continued pretty nearly the fame in the Notes of the firft Octave, where the fame Wind is fufficient for forming them all. It is the different Opening of the Holes, by raising the Fingers, which characterises them: All that is required is to fix on the Barrel, Bars under the Levers which must raise the Fingers to form fuch a Note.

In order to have the Notes of the fecond Octave, we must change the Situation of the Mouth, that is, we must place a Bar under that Lever which ferves to push the Lips beyond the Diameter of the Hole of the Flute, and thereby imitate the Action of a living Man, who in that Cafe turns the Flute a little inwards.

Secondly, we muft fix a Bar under that Lever, which bringing the Lips towards one another diminishes their Opening; as a Man does to give a lefs Iffue to the Wind.

Thirdly, a Bar must be fix'd under the Lever which opens the Valve of that Receptacle that contains the Wind coming from thofe Bellows which are loaded with two Pounds; because the Wind being then driven

with more Force, acts in the fame Manner as that with which a living Man blows by a ftronger Action of the pectoral Mufcles. Befides, Bars must be placed fo as to run under the Levers neceffary to raise the Fingers requir'd.

From all thefe Operations it will follow, that a Wind driven with more Force, and going thro' a fmaller Paffage, will double its Swiftnefs, and confequently produce double the Number of Vibrations; and these make the Octave.

As you rife up to the higher Notes of this fecond Octave, the Lips muft ftill be brought clofer, that the Wind in the fame Time may encrease its Velocity.

In the Notes of the third Octave, the fame Levers that go to the Mouth act as in those of the fecond, with this Difference, that the Bars are a little higher; which makes the Lips advance quite over the Edge of the Hole of the Flute, fo as to leave but a very small Hole. You muft only add a Bar under that Lever which opens the Valve of the Receptacle which has its Wind from the most loaded Bellows; that is, from those prefs'd down with four Pounds: Confequently the Wind, blown with a ftronger Compreffion, and going thro' Paffage ftill fmaller, will encrease its Velocity in a triple Ratio; whereby you will have the triple Octave.

In all thefe different Octaves fome Notes are more difficult to be produced than others; and then they muft be managed by bringing the Lips over a greater or a lefs Chord of the Hole of the Flute, and by giving a ftronger or a weaker Wind, which is the fame that a Man does to found the fame Notes, being oblig'd to manage his Wind, and to turn the Flute inwards or outwards, more or lefs.

It is easy to conceive, that all the Bars fix'd upon the Barrel must be longer or fhorter, according to the Time that each Note must have, and according to the different Situation neceffary for the Fingers.

It must be observed, that in fwelling of Notes, I have been obliged, during the fame Note, infenfibly to fubftitute a ftrong Wind to a weak, and a weaker to a stronger, and at the fame Time to vary the Motion of the Lips; that is, to put them into the proper Situation for each Wind.

For a foft Sound; that is, to imitate an Echo, I have been obliged to advance the Lips over the Hole of the Flute, and fend a Wind sufficient for forming fuch a Tone; but whofe Return, by fuch a small Iffue as its Entrance into the Flute can only ftrike a fmall Quantity of external Air; which, as I have faid, produces an Echo.

The Quickness and Slowness of different Airs were meafur'd upon the Barrel, by means of a Lever; one End of which being armed with a Steel Point ferv'd to mark the Barrel, as the Lever was ftruck upon. At the other End of the Lever was a Spring, which immediately raifed the Point up again. Then the Movement was fet a-going, which turn'd the Barrel with a Velocity proportionable for the feveral Tunes. At the fame Time a Perfon play'd on the Flute the Tune whofe Time, was to be meafur'd; whilst another Perfon beat Time upon the End of the Lever, whofe Point mark'd the Barrel, and the Distances between the Points prick'd on were the true Measure for the Tunes to be mark'd. Then the Intervals were fub-divided into as many Parts as the Measure had Times or Bars.