15. The Presiding Officer shall announce at the convention the names Announceof the officers elected in accordance with this Article.

ment.

16. Except as to the Past-Presidents, the first Nominating Com- First Nominating mittee and the three additional Directors provided for shall be appointed Committee. by the Board of Direction, one of the Directors for one year, one for two years, and one for three years.

ARTICLE VII.

MANAGEMENT.

President.

1. (a) The President shall have general supervision of the affairs Duties of of the Association, shall preside at meetings of the Association and of the Board of Direction, and shall be ex-officio member of all Committees, except the Nominating Committee.

(b) The Vice-Presidents, in order of seniority, shall preside at meetings in the absence of the President and discharge his duties in case of a vacancy in his office.

2. The Treasurer shall receive all moneys and deposit same in the Duties of name of the Association, and shall receipt to the Secretary therefor. He Treasurer. shall invest all funds not needed for current disbursements as shall be ordered by the Board of Direction. He shall pay all bills, when properly certified and audited by the Finance Committee, and make such reports as may be called for by the Board of Direction.

3. The Secretary shall be, under the direction of the President and Duties of Board of Direction, the Executive Officer of the Association. He shall Secretary. attend the meetings of the Association and of the Board of Direction, prepare the business therefor, and duly record the proceedings thereof. He shall see that the moneys due the Association are collected and without loss transferred to the custody of the Treasurer. He shall personally certify to the accuracy of all bills or vouchers on which money is to be paid. He is to conduct the correspondence of the Association and keep proper record thereof, and perform such other duties as the Board of Direction may prescribe.

4. The accounts of the Treasurer and Secretary shall be audited annually by a public accountant, under the direction of the Finance Committee of the Board.

Auditing of
Accounts.

Board..

5. The Board of Direction shall manage the affairs of the Associa- Duties of tion, and shall have full power to control and regulate all matters not otherwise provided in the Constitution.

6. The Board of Direction shall meet within thirty days after each Board Annual Convention, and at such other times as the President may direct. Meetings. Special meetings shall be called on request, in writing, of five members of the Board.

7. Seven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.

Board
Quorum.

Board

8. At the first meeting of the Board after the Annual Convention, the following committees from its members shall be appointed by the Committees. President, and shall report to and perform their duties under the supervision of the Board of Direction:

d.

Outline of Work of Standing Committees of five members.

9. The Finance Committee shall have immediate supervision of the accounts and financial affairs of the Association; shall approve all bills before payment, and shall make recommendations to the Board of Direction as to the investment of moneys and as to other financial matters. The Finance Committee shall not have the power to incur debts or other obligations binding the Association, nor authorize the payment of money other than the amounts necessary to meet ordinary current expenses of the Association, except by previous action and authority of the Board of Direction.

10. The Publication Committee shall have general supervision of the publications of the Association.

11. The Library Committee shall have general supervision of the Library, the property therein, and the quarters occupied by the Secretary; shall make recommendations to the Board with reference thereto, and shall direct the expenditure for books and other articles of permanent value, from such sums as may be appropriated for these purposes.

12. The Committee on Outline of Work of Standing Committees shall present a list of subjects for committee work during the ensuing year at the first meeting of the Board of Direction after the Annual Convention.

13. The Board of Direction may appoint such Standing Committees as it may deem best, to investigate, consider and report upon questions pertaining to railway location, construction or maintenance.

14. Special Committees to examine into and report upon any subject connected with the objects of this Association may be appointed from time to time by the Board of Direction.

15. The Board of Direction may invite discussions of reports from persons not members of the Association.

16. An act of the Board of Direction which shall have received the expressed or implied sanction of the membership at the next Annual Convention of the Association shall be deemed to be the act of the Association, and shall not afterwards be impeached by any Member.

ARTICLE VIII.

MEETINGS.

1. The Annual Convention shall begin upon the third Tuesday in March of each year, and shall be held at such place in the City of Chicago as the Board of Direction may select.

2. Special meetings of the Association may be called by the Board of Direction, and special meetings shall be so called by the Board upon request of thirty Members, which request shall state the purpose of such meeting. The call for such meeting shall be issued not less than ten days in advance, and shall state the purpose and place thereof, and no other business shall be taken up at such meeting.

of Annual

3. The Secretary shall notify all members of the time and place of Notification the Annual Convention of the Association at least thirty days in advance Convention. thereof.

4. Twenty-five Members shall constitute a quorum at all meetings Association of the Association.

Quorum.

5. (a) The order of business at annual conventions of the Associa- Order of tion shall be as follows:

Reading of minutes of last meeting.

Address of the President.

Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer.
Reports of Standing Committees.

Reports of Special Committees.

Unfinished business.

New business.

Election of officers.

Adjournment.

(b) This order of business, however, may be changed by a majority vote of members present.

Business.

6. The proceedings shall be governed by "Robert's Rules of Order," Rules of except as otherwise herein provided.

Order.

7. Discussion shall be limited to members and to those invited by Discussion. the presiding officer to speak.

ARTICLE IX.

AMENDMENTS.

1. Proposed amendments to this Constitution shall be made in writ- Amendments. ing and signed by not less than ten Members, and shall be acted upon

in the following manner:

The amendments shall be presented to the Secretary, who shall send a copy of same to each member of the Board of Direction as soon as received. If at the next meeting of the Board of Direction a majority of the entire Board are in favor of considering the proposed amendments, the matter shall then be submitted to the Association for letterballot, and the result announced by the Secretary at the next Annual Convention. In case two-thirds of the votes received are affirmative, the amendments shall be declared adopted and become immediately effective.

Standing Committees.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

(Subject to change from time to time by Board of Direction.)

GENERAL RULES FOR THE PREPARATION, PUBLICATION
AND CONSIDERATION OF COMMITTEE REPORTS.

(A) APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES AND OUTLINE OF WORK.

1. The following are standing committees:

Special

Committees.

Personnel of Committees.

Outline of
Work.

General.

XIX. Conservation of Natural Resources.

2. Special Committees will be appointed from time to time, as may be deemed expedient, in the manner prescribed by Article VII, Clause 14, of the Constitution.

3. The personnel of all Committees will continue from year to year, except when changes are announced by the Board of Direction.

Members of committees who do not attend meetings of committees during the year or render service by correspondence will be relieved and the vacancies filled by the Board at the succeeding annual convention.

4. As soon as practicable after each annual convention the Board of Direction will assign to each Committee the important questions which, in its judgment, should preferably be considered during the current year. Committees are privileged to present the results of any special study or investigation they may be engaged upon or that may be considered of sufficient importance to warrant presentation.

(B) PREPARATION OF COMMITTEE REPORTS.

5. The collection and compilation of data and subsequent analysis in the form of arguments and criticism is a necessary and valuable preliminary element of committee work.

6. Committees are privileged to obtain data or information in any Collection proper way. If desired, the Secretary will issue circulars of inquiry, of Data. which should be brief and concise. The questions asked should be specific and pertinent, and not of such general or involved character as to preclude the possibility of obtaining satisfactory and prompt responses. They should specify to whom answers are to be sent, and should be in such form that copies can be retained by persons replying either by typewriter or blue-print.

7. Committee reports should be prepared as far as practicable to Plan of Reports conform to the following general plan:

(a) It is extremely important that every Committee should examine its own subject-matter in the "Manual" prior to each annual convention, and revise and supplement it, if deemed desirable, giving the necessary notice of any recommended changes in accordance with Clause 6 (a) of the General Rules for the Publication of the "Manual." If no changes are recommended, statement should be made accordingly.

(b) When deemed necessary, the previous report should be reviewed. (c) Subjects presented in previous reports on which no action was taken should be resubmitted, stating concisely the action desired. It may not be necessary to repeat the original text in the report, reference to former publication being sufficient, unless changes in the previously published version are extensive. Minor changes can be explained in the text of the report.

(d) Technical terms used in the report, the meaning of which is Definitions. not clearly established, should be defined, but defined only from the standpoint of railway engineering.

(e) If necessary, a brief history of the subject-matter under dis- History. cussion, with an outline of its origin and development, should be given.

(f) An analysis of the most important elements of the subject-matter Analysis. should be given.

(g) The advantages and disadvantages of the present and recom- Argument. mended practices should be set forth.

(h) Illustrations accompanying reports should be prepared so that Illustrations. they can be reproduced on one page. The use of folders should be avoided as much as possible, on account of the increased expense and inconvenience in referring to them. Plans showing current practice, or necessary for illustration, are admissible, but those showing proposed definite design or practice should be excluded. Recommendatoins should be confined to governing principles.

Illustrations should be made on tracing cloth with heavy black lines and figures, so as to stand a two-thirds reduction; for example: To come within a type page (4 inches by 7 inches), the illustration should be made three times the above size.

To insure uniformity, the one-stroke, inclined Gothic lettering is recommended.

Photographs should be clear and distinct silver prints.