The extent of territory of the U. States, its

dorf, and even of the pure doctrines of the great author of our own religion. We were safe our-increasing population and resources, will create a selves from Bonaparte, because he had not the British fleets at his command-we were safe from the British fleets, because they had Bonaparte at their back. But the British fleets and the conquerors of Bonaparte, being now combined, and the Hartford nation drawn off to them, we have uncommon reason to look to our own affairs.This, however, I leave to others, offering prayers to Heaven, the only contribution of old age, for the safety of our country. Be so good as to present me affectionately to Mrs. Logan, and to accept yourself, the assurance of my esteem and respect.

Doctor Logan.

T. JEFFERSON.

spirit of jealousy in foreign governments. I am assured, from undoubted authority, that a feeling of this nature already exists in some of the European cabinets-to obviate such injurious sentiments, let us act towards all nations with impartiality, justice, and even forbearance, to prevent a state of war, by which our republican manners and institutions may be destroyed. Let us have concise friendly and reciprocal treaties with all nations with whom we have commercial intercourse, particularly with Great Britain and Russia. From the former we have not much of real injury to apprehend-for, however blind and corrupt the ministry, the spirit of liberty diffused among the people, supported by many of the most enlightened men in that nation, will secure us from any wanton attack.

STENTON, Oct. 20, 1815. DEAR SIR-I am much pleased with your late letter, because it manifests a sincere desire for Russia is yet in embryo-the astonishing success the prosperity and honor of our beloved country, which some of her sovereigns have had in civilizdistracted by local factions. The love of honest ing her immense population, gives reason to exfame, predominant during the revolutionary war,pect, that under the paternal care of Alexander, is changed into cupidity; disinterestedness into selfishness; and the public good is sacrificed to personal views of ambition. In this disgraceful situation, it becomes the duty of every genuine citizen, not only to "offer up prayers to Heaven for the safety of our country," but personally to exert himself for its prosperity.

I trust we have a sufficient fund of good sense and prudence in the U. States, to preserve internal tranquility; but it must be brought forward with activity, and solely influenced by the sublime views of enlightened patriotism, discerning and preferring nothing but the public good.

she will become the arbiter of Europe. La Harp, says, the emperor is a republican; I know he is partial to the United States. Let us, therefore, cherish his friendship; it may, under many points of view, be of essential service to us.

GEO. LOGAN.

Accept assurances of my esteem,
Thomas Jefferson.

FROM THE KENTUCKY PALLADIUM.

--

SPECIMEN OF HISTORY.

I view with greater anxiety the aspect of European affairs; and the probable effect they will The following extract from the 5th chapter of the have upon us-which, if we were armed with perHistory of the War, which is proposed to be fect innocence, I think we might defy. But we published by the editors of the Palladium, will have not been so scrupulously just to our neighserve at once as an example of the minute and bors, as to avoid the suspicion, if not the accusaaccurate information possessed by the author, tion, that republicans too can be ambitious, and and of the style in which he has conveyed it. can avail themselves of the troubles of others, to "Shortly after this expedition by Gen. Tupper their own mistaken advantage-for I hold it as a to the Miami rapids a tragical adventure occur sound political principle, that nothing is perma-red in the left wing of the army, which merits to nently beneficial to a nation, either in self-govern- be minutely recorded. Capt. James Logan, the ment or in its foreign relations, that is not found-Shawane chief, by the orders of Gen. Harrison, ed on the broad basis of honesty, utterly disclaim- proceeded with a small party of his tribe, to reing every species of intrigue. Adopting this cor- connoitre in the direction of the rapids. He met rect maxim in our public councils, would save us with a superior force of the enemy near that place, the trouble of resorting to those diplomatic sub-by which he was so closely pursued that his men tleties which constitute too frequently the machia- were obliged to disperse for safety, in their revelian policy of petty princes, or of employing treat. Logan, with two of his companions, capt. men versed in such arts. Sir Francis Bacon's ad- John and Bright-horn, arrived safe to Gen. Winvice to Sir George Villiers afterwards duke of chester's camp, where he faithfully reported the Buckingham, is well worthy the attention of all incidents of the excursion. But there were certain who have the disposal of offices-when he says, persons in the army who suspected his fidelity, and "I recommend to you principally, that you coun-reproached him with being friendly, and with tenance and advance able men in all kinds, de-communicating intelligence to the enemy. grees and professions; and in places of moment, rather make able and honest men yours, than advance those that are otherwise because they are yours."

The

noble spirit of Logan could not endure the ungenerous charge. With the sensibility of a genuine soldier, he felt that his honor and fidelity should not only be pure, but firm and unsuspected. He History is the school of statesmen; it is their did not, however, demand a court of enquiry-folduty to inform themselves of the errors of past a-lowing the natural dictates of a bold and generous ges, in order to shun them. I do not accuse the spirit, he determined to prove, by unequivocal president of a want of this highly important know. deeds of valor and fidelity, that he was calumni. ledge; but I apprehend he has too frequently giv-ated by his accusers. en up his own correct judgment to parasites and clamorous demagogues-he, and not they, will be accountable for his official conduct.

On the 22d of November, he proceeded a se cond time, accompanied by the two persons named above, firmly resolved, either to bring in a pri

||

Winemac, while in conversation with Logan,be

soner or a scalp, or to perish himself in the at- His physiognomy was formed on the best model tempt. When he had gone about ten miles down and exhibited the strongest marks of courage, in. the north side of the Miami, he met with a Bri- telligence, good humor and sincerity. He had tish officer, the oldest son of Col. Eliott,accompa-been very serviceable to our cause by acting as a nied by five Indians. As the party were too pilot and a spy. He had gone with Gen. Hull to strong for him, and he had no chance to escape, Detroit, and with the first Kentucky troops who four of them being on horseback, he determined marched to the relief of fort Wayne. to pass them under the disguise of friendship for the British. He advanced with confident bold-fore the encounter, declared that he commanded ness, and a friendly deportment, to the enemy- all the Indians in that quarter; and boasted that but unfortunately one of them was Winemac, the he had caused the massacre of Wells, and those celebrated Potawatimie chief, who had fought the who had surrendered at the battle of Chicago, afbattle of Tippecanoe, after having made, but a ter having gone with Wells as a friend, to guard few days before it, the warmest protestations of the garrison of that place to fort Wayne. friendship to Governor Harrison. To this chief the person and character of captain Logan were perfectly well known.

--

Capt. Logan had been taken prisoned by Gen. Logan, of Kentucky, in the year 1766, when he was a youth. The General sent him to school He persisted, however, in his first determina- some time in the state, and on patting with him tion, and told them he was going to the rapids to gave him his name, which he retained to the end give information to the British. After conversing of his life. Before the treaty of Greenville, he had some time, he proceeded on his way, and Wine- distinguished himself as a warrior, though still mac, with all his companions turned and went very young. His mother was a sister to the celewith him. As they travelled on together, Wine- brated Tecumseh and the prophet. He stated that mac and his party closely watched the others, and in the summer preceeding his death, he had talk. when they had proceeded about eight miles, he ed a whole night with Tecumseh, and endeavored proposed to the British officer to sieze and tie to persuade him to remain at peace while Tecumthem. The officer replied that they were com-seh on the contrary endeavoured to engage him pletely in his power; that if they attempted || in the war on the side of the British. His wife to run, they could be shot; or failing in that, the when she was young, had also been taken prisonhorses could easily run them down. This coner by Col. Hardin, in the year 1789, and had resultation was overheard by Logan; he had previ-mained in the family till the treaty of Grenville. ously intended to go on peaceably till night, and then make his escape; but now formed the bold design of extricating himself by a combat with double his number.

In the army he had formed an attachment for. Major Hardin, the son in law of Gen. Logan, and now requested him to see that the money due for his services was faithfully paid to his family. He also requested that his family might be removed immediately to Kentucky, and his children educated and brought up in the manner of the white people. He observed that he had killed a great chief, that the hostile Indians knew where his fa|| mily lived, and that when he was gone a few base fellows might creep up and destroy them.

Having signified his resolution to his men, he commenced the attack by shooting down Winemac himself. The action lasted till they had fired three rounds a piece, during which time Logan and his brave companions drove the enemy some distance, and separated them from their horses.By the first fire both Winemac and Eliott fell, by the second, a young Ottawa chief lost his life; and another of the enemy was mortally wounded about the conclusion of the combat, at which time Logan himself, as he was stooping down, received a ball just below the breast bone; it rang-|| ed downwards and lodged under the skin on his back; in the mean time, Bright-horn was also wounded by a ball which passed through his thigh. As soon as Logan was shot he ordered a retreat; himself and Bright-horn, wounded as they were, jumped on the horses of the enemy and rode to Winchester's camp, a distance of 20 miles, in 5 hours. Capt. John, after taking the scalp of the Ottawa chief also retreated in safety, and arrived at the camp next morning.

Major Hardin having promised to do every thing in his power to have the wishes of his friend fulfilled, immediately obtained permission from the general to proceed with Logan's little corps of Indians, to the village of Wopoghoonata, where his family resided. When they reached near the village, the scalp of the Ottawa chief was tied to a pole, to be carried in triumph to the Council house and Capt. John, when they came in sight of the town, ordered the guns of the party to be fired in quick succession, on account of the death of Logan. A council of the chiefs was presently held, in which, after consulting two or three days, they decided against sending the family of their departed hero to Kentucky. They appear. ed however to be fully sensible of the loss they had sustained, and were sincerely grieved for his || death.".

CONEMAUGH SALT-WORKS.

Logan had now rescued his character as a brave and faithful soldier, from the obloquy which had unjustly been thrown upon him. But he prescrved honor at the expense of the next best gift of Heaven-his life. His wounds proved mortal.He lived two days in agony, which he bore with GREENSBURGH, April 27. uncommon fortitude, and died with the utmost So many improvements, inventions, and discocomposure and resignation." More firmness and veries, are daily announced in the public papers→→→ consummate bravery have seldom appeared on the there to live their day, and be seen and heard of military theatre," says Winchester in his letter to no more-that we have hitherto been careful to the commanding general. "He was buried with avoid exciting in relation to such matters, expecall the honors due to his rank, and with sorrow, tations which might never be realized; and hence as sincerely and generally displayed as ever I wit-have thus long neglected to notice the Conenessed," says Major Hardin in a letter to Govern-maugh salt-works. These works, we are happy or Shelby. to state, are in the full tide of successful opera

to the district but draw more into it-a consideration, at this moment, of no small importance.

tion, and are not only rewarding the enterprising individuals who constructed them, but conferring important advantages upon the district in which The importance, in a political or national point they are situated, as well as upon the country ge- of view, of increasing the supply of salt made in nerally. the country, may be inferred from the fact (statThey are situated in Westmoreland and India-ed by Mr. Cutbush, in the Artist's Manual,) that na counties, being on both banks of the Cone- above 3,000,000 bushels of that article are annumaugh river, one mile above its confluence with ally imported into this country from abroad, the Loyalhanna, and about 15 miles N. E. from while the whole manufacture of it within the U. Greensburgh. It is about three years since the States does not amount to 1,000,000 bushels. Aboring for salt-water was commenced by Mr. Wm. bout 800,000 bushels are produced every year, by Johnston, of Johnston's point-and now the the Onondago and Cayuga springs, in New York, Messrs. Johnston's-Reeds, Boggs & Co.-and and about as much by the manufactories of the Boggs and Forward, have four wells sunk, and western states and territories, including 130,000 sinking three or four more. bushels made at the U. States Saline, on the Wa|| bash. Salt is made from the sea-water, on the coast of Massachusetts, but not in large quanti. ties, and its manufacture there is liable to interruption from an enemy in time of war. Every additional salt spring or well, therefore, in the interior of the country, may be looked upon as an additional source of national independence; and every individual engaged in developing the national wealth and resources, as connected therewith, is deserving of the thanks of the country.

The four wells now in use, supply water sufficient for 16 furnaces. Fourteen furnaces are in operation, and produce, in the aggregate, upwards of 100 bushels of salt per day, throughout the year. Each furnace has one large flat copper boiler or pan, of an oblong square shape, and six metal kettles. The wells are bored to the depth of from 250 to 300 feet, in the margin of the river. The salt water rises in tubes to a level with the bed of the river, and is here preserved from a mixture with the fresh water by cisterns or reservoirs, constructed of boards, around the mouths of the wells. From these cisterns it is pumped by horse power, into conductors, through which it runs into large troughs, that supply by spouts, as occasion requires, the boilers. Here, by a simple and obvious process which any laborer is capable of conducting, it is converted into a beatiful granulated salt.

At Wright's mill, on the Loyalhanna, eight miles from Greensburgh, Messrs. Wright, Mar. tin, Munson and Agnew, are boring for salt-water, with a good prospect of success. They have reached the depth of 280 feet, and have got salt water of a good quality, though not sufficiently copious in supply. The water thrown out about the well has been chrystalized into salt upon the stones, by the influence of the sun, and presents. the appearance of thick hoar frost. It will give some idea of the tedious nature of this business, to state, that the boring has been continued at this well, with little intermission, winter and summer, for nearly 16 months, having been commenced on the first of January 1815.

Fuel is remarkably convenient. Stone coal is had within forty or fifty perches of the works on the Indiana side of the river; and on the Westmoteland side, is procured in abundance in the hill immediately above the works of Messrs. Johnsons, and descends the declivity on an inclined scaffolding of boards, erected for the purpose from the mouth of the pit to the mouth of the grate or furnace. At a new furnace erecting by the Messrs. Reeds, a bed of stone coal was disco-produce, we are not informed. vered in digging the foundation.

There is nothing in the situation or appearance of the ground, or in the quality of the soil, about these works, that peculiarly distinguished them in our view at least, from various other situations on the same and other rivers. An interesting phenomenon with respect to the wells is, that their waters ebb and flow once every 24 hours, and usually about the same hour of the day.

The salt made at these works is of an excellent quality and of a snow whiteness. It is retailed at the works, at 2 dollars per bushel, and sold by the load, at 1 dol. 50 cents per bushel. The navigation is safe for large boats, from the works to Pittsburg, where the salt commands a higher price and readier sale than that of the Kenawha works.

Salt works belonging to Messrs. J. and J. Larshaw, are now in successful operation on Crooked Creek, in Armstrong county. What quantity they

NATIVE EPSOM SALT.

We learn by the Louisville correspondent, that a very extensive cave has been discovered in Indiana, about thirty-five miles from Louisville, abounding with native Epsom salt, or sulphate of magnesia. The cave is apparently inexhaustible

the salt of every variety of crystal is arranged in all that fanciful splendour which decorates the grotto of Antiparos. This cave is the only spe cimen known of the pure salt in a solid form, excepting in Monroe county, Va. where it is found under the surface of the earth. In Europe, and particularly in England, at the Epsom Springs, which give name to this salt, it is obtained from water impregnated with it.

Extract from the introduction to Judge Brevard's
Digest of the State Law of this State.-p. 15.
"Amidst the tumult of civil strife, the laws
were silent, and their place was not always sup-

It is not, we believe, more than ten years since this part of the country was supplied with foreign salt, brought over the mountains, generally upon pack-horses, and at a great expense of time, labour and money. Latterly, we have been supplied by those of humanity. A form of governplied, more conveniently and satisfactorily indeed, but not much more cheaply, from the Kanawha || and lake works. Our dependence upon all these || is at an end. That article of indispensible use, is now manufactured at the Conemaugh works in such quantities, as will not only save much money

ment was instituted in 1776, pursuant to which an executive magistrate was elected, who was invested with extraordinary powers, under the name of PRESIDENT. This however, soon gave place to THE CONSTITUTION which was established in 1778, conformably to the Declaration of Independence; and

This memorial of departed worth is formed of white Pennsylvania marble, and consists of a four sided pyramid of the height of four feet, placed on a pedestal two feet square, and three feet two inches high. The whole rests on a paved area eight feet square, raised about eight inches above the ground, with white granite for the curb stone of the area. The total height is seven feet, ten inches, including the area; which is surrounded by a handsome iron railing of the height of four feet. On the sides of the pedestal are the follow-it ing inscriptions.

Judex sanctus, gravis, peritus, intentus, nec illi sceptre in his hand, mount him upon a throne,
Facilitas Auctoritatem, aut Severitas.
Amorem diminuit.

princes who sway the sceptre of Europe.

The queen of Portugal-was a lunatic. The king of Spain is a fanatic; the slave of priests, the murderer or jailor of the very patriots, who restored him to his throne.

The king of France is notorious for his imbecility. An English bishop once painted him as a man fit only to cook his own capons. But the bishop was unjust-Louis has certainly some taste taste for the classics; but he was never stamped for a great man.

In Austria, we have a king, who never did a remarkable act

“There has fallen, during six hours, in our ci and its environs, a greater quantity of snow than

more than once his life. He has been driven has been known in the memory of man. To this

from a throne, which he had neither the energy to keep or to conquer.

The same of his brother of Prussia; one of those weak men, whom the neighing of a horse, or the prejudice of legitimacy, only could have made a king. The maxim ex quovis ligno non fit Mercurius, may be true in itself; but not of kings. The king of Naples, much less a monk than his kinsman of Spain, is more of a debauchee. For the picture of a Neapolitan court, see the letters of Trowbridge, or the life of Nelson.

The emperor Alexander is an exception to the race we have mentioned. He has some merit of his own, mixed up in his infirmities.

The king of Sweden is an ideot, and the prince of Orange has nothing remarkable in his escut

cheon.

In England, the king is a lunatic; the prince regent is bloated with debauchery-his brothers, rioters upon a people's generosity. The princess Charlotte is about to fasten an establishment upon the nation, whose splendor is only to be equalled by their distresses!

Such is the brief sketch of the chiefs, who preside over the destinies of Europe; and but one green spot in the waste of idiotism, fanaticism and debauchery!

U. S. BRIG BOXER.

phenomenon there is added another, even more astonishing; which is that this snow is red and yellow. Religious processions have been made to appease the heavens. People believe that something extraordinary has taken place in the air. It is to be hoped our philosophers may account for this phenomenon. Mr. Professor Sgagnoni, a jesuit, distinguished for his physical researches, has been requested by the intendant of the province, to make experiments upon this snow about which the people are yet very much alarm ed."

From the Norfolk Beacon of May 9.
THE WEATHER,

We do not recollect to have witnessed a more distressing drought than that which at this time visits every portion of our country. We daily hear of its disastrous effects, blasting the fairest hopes of the husbandman. In some parts of the country they are ploughing up and re-planting the corn. The temperature of the weather with us is very fluctuating the evenings and mornings generally so cold as to render a fire quite agreeable. The earth is so parched, that the atmosphere is continually impregnated with a fine dust, very injurious to respiration. To this cause, doubtless, in a great measure, is to be ascribed the unhealthiness of the surrounding country.

Extract of a letter from an officer of the U. S. brig We learn that an epidemic prevails in North Ca Boxer, to his friend in New-York, dated Havana,||rolina, particularly in the vicinity of Edenton, April 18. which is almost as destructive as the plague of Egypt. Our borough has been much favoured so far; but unless we have some salubrious showers soon, we fear we shall have as little to boast of, on the score of health, as we have in the prospect which the circumjacent country presents to those who supply our markets,

"We have captured and sent into New-Orleans, for trial, the privateer Comet, under Carthagenian colours, having on board doubloons, Spanish dollars, bars of gold and silver, silver plate, jewelry, &c. valued at 50,000 dollars. She attempted to pass us, but we were too quick on the trigger for her; we even did not fire a gun, but merely trained them upon her, which was sufficient. We Snow Storm.-Notwithstanding the many prehave brought here the American consul for thisdictions in the New-York papers of an early island, and shall sail immediately on a cruise." spring, we state, for the information of distant Various statements have appeared in the public readers, that on Tuesday morning last, (14th inst.) papers relative to the amount of specie, plate, the roofs of our houses and the neighbouring &c. on board of the Comet, differing in their ac- hills were completely covered with snow. We also counts from $80,000, to $ 175,000. When an of-learn from travellers who have reached this city ficial statement, or other information bearing the marks of authenticity appears, we shall record it.

from the westward, that the country in many places had the appearance of winter; the hills being as white as in the month of January.Albany Daily Advertiser.

Arrived at Annapolis, on Thursday evening, the United States' ship Washington, of 74 guns, commanded by commodore Chauncey, from Boston, The Enquirer mentions, that on Wednesday being her first trip to sea. She is said to sail re-morning last there was frost in the vicinity of markably well, and is, in every respect, a superior | Richmond. The market people say that this vessel. She is destined to the Mediterranean to morning the environs of Philadelphia were cocarry out to Naples Mr. Pinkney, the minister to vered with a white frost. Dem. Press. Russia and Naples, and his family, and Mr. King, the secretary of the legation; and will remain at Annapolis until the minister is ready to depart.

J. Davidson, is appointed British Consul at New-Orleans.