July 1914, which will also reflect current interest payments per acre on farm indebtedness secured by real estate, tax payments per acre on farm real estate, and freight rates, as contrasted with such interest payments, tax payments, and freight rates during the base period. The base period in case of all agricultural commodities except tobacco shall be the period August 1909 to July 1914. In the case of all kinds of tobacco except Burley and flue-cured such base period shall be the period August 1919 to July 1929, and, in the case of Burley and fluecured tobacco, shall be the period August 1934 to July 1939; except that the August 1919-July 1929 base period shall be used in allocating any funds appropriated prior to September 1, 1940'."2 (52 Stat. 38, 54 Stat. 1210.)]

(2) "Parity," as applied to income, shall be that gross income from agriculture which will provide the farm operator and his family with a standard of living equivalent to those afforded persons dependent upon other gainful occupation. "Parity" as applied to income from any agricultural commodity for any year, shall be that gross income which bears the same relationship to parity income from agriculture for such year as the average gross income from such commodity for the preceding ten calendar years bears to the average gross income from agriculture for such ten calendar years.

(3) The term "interstate and foreign commerce" means sale, marketing, trade, and traffic between any State or Territory or the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, and any place outside thereof; or between points within the same State or Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, through any place outside thereof; or within any Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico.

(4) The term "affect interstate and foreign commerce" means, among other things, in such commerce, or to burden or obstruct such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof; or to create or tend to create a surplus of any agricultural commodity which burdens or obstructs such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof.

(5) The term "United States" means the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

(6) The term "State" includes a Territory and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

(7) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, and the term "Department" means the Department of Agriculture.

(8) The term "person" means an individual, partnership, firm, joint-stock company, corporation, association, trust, estate, or any agency of a State.

(9) The term "corn" means field corn. (7 U. S. C. 1301 (a), Public Law 585, 82d Cong., approved July 17, 1952.)

[Agricultural Act of 1948. SEC. 302 (f). All references in other laws to

(1) parity,

(2) parity prices,

(3) prices comparable to parity prices, or

(4) prices to be determined in the same manner as provided by the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 prior to its amendment by this Act for the determination of parity prices,

2 For Maryland tobacco the base period is August 1936 to July 1941 (62 Stat. 1248).

with respect to prices for agricultural commodities and products thereof, shall hereafter be deemed to refer to parity prices as determined in accordance with the provisions of sction 301 (a) (1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended by this Act. (7 U.S. C. 1301a.)]

(b) DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO ONE OR MORE COMMODITIES. For the purposes of this title

(1) (A) "Actual production" as applied to any acreage of corn means the number of bushels of corn which the local committee determines would be harvested as grain from such acreage if all the corn on such acreage were so harvested. In case of a disagreement between the farmer and the local committee as to the actual production of the acreage of corn on the farm, or in case the local committee determines that such actual production is substantially below normal, the local committee, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, shall weigh representative samples of ear corn taken from the acreage involved, make proper deductions for moisture content, and determine the actual production of such acreage on the basis of such samples. (B) "Actual production" of any number of acres of cotton, rice or peanuts on a farm means the actual average yield for the farm times. such number of acres.

(2) "Bushel" means in the case of ear corn that amount of ear corn, including not to exceed 151⁄2 per centum of moisture content, which weighs seventy pounds, and in the case of shelled corn, means that amount of shelled corn including not to exceed 1512 per centum of moisture content, which weighs fifty-six pounds.

(3) (A) "Carry-over," in the case of corn, rice, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be the quantity of the commodity on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any quantity which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current.

[NOTE. As originally enacted this term included domestically produced cotton on hand within or without the United States. A new definition, excluding American cotton on hand outside the United States, was enacted in Sec. 201 (c) of the Agricultural Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 1250). The definition was changed again by Sec. 2 (a) of Pub. L. 272, 81st Cong., approved August 29, 1949 (63 Stat. 675), to include all cotton on hand in the United States whether produced within or without the United States. Sec. 415 (e) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 1056) repealed Sec. 201 (c) of the Agricultural Act of 1948. Therefore, the provision now in effect is the definition appearing herein which is the definition enacted by Pub. L. 272, 81st Cong. Sec. 1301 (b) (3) (B) of Title 7, U. S. Code, 1946 ed., Supplement V carries the definition of the term as it was originally enacted.]

(B) "Carry-over" of cotton for any marketing year shall be the quantity of cotton on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any part of the crop which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current.

(C) "Carry-over" of tobacco for any marketing year shall be the quantity of such tobacco on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year (or on January 1 of such marketing year in the case of Maryland tobacco), which was produced in the United States prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which such marketing year begins, except that in the case of cigar-filler and cigarbinder tobacco the quantity of type 46 on hand and theretofore pro

duced in the United States during such calendar year shall also be included.

(D) "Carry-over" of wheat, for any marketing year shall be the quantity of wheat on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any wheat which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current, and not including any wheat held by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under Title V [of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938].

(4) (A) "Commercial corn-producing area" shall include all counties in which the average production of corn (excluding corn used as silage) during the ten calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year for which such area is determined, after adjustment for abnormal weather conditions, is four hundred and fifty bushels or more per farm and four bushels or more for each acre of farm land in the county.

(B) Whenever prior to February 1 of any calendar year the Secretary has reason to believe that any county which is not included in the commercial corn-producing area determined pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (A), but which borders upon one of the counties in such area, or that any minor civil division in a county bordering on such area, is producing (excluding corn used for silage) an average of at least four hundred and fifty bushels of corn per farm and an average of at least four bushels for each acre of farm land in the county or in the minor civil division, as the case may be, he shall cause immediate investigation to be made to determine such fact. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such county or minor civil division is likely to produce corn in such average amounts during such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination, and, commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be included in the commercial corn-producing area. In the case of a county included in the commercial corn-producing area pursuant to this subparagraph, whenever prior to February 1 of any calendar year the Secretary has reason to believe that facts justifying the inclusion of such county are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made with respect thereto. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such facts are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination, and commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be excluded from the commercial corn-producing area.

(5) "Farm consumption" of corn means consumption by the farmer's family, employees, or household, or by his work stock; or consumption by poultry or livestock on his farm if such poultry or livestock, or the products thereof, are consumed or to be consumed by the farmer's family, employees, or household.

(6) (A) "Market," in the case of corn, cotton, rice, tobacco, and wheat, means to dispose of, in raw or processed form, by voluntary or involuntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos, and, in the case of corn and wheat, by feeding (in any form) to poultry or livestock which, or the products of which, are sold, bartered, or exchanged, or to be so disposed of, but does not include disposing of any of such commodities as premium to the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under Title V [of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of

(B) "Marketed," "marketing," and "for market" shall have corresponding meanings to the term "market" in the connection in which they are used.

(C) "Market," in the case of peanuts, means to dispose of peanuts, including farmers' stock peanuts, shelled peanuts, cleaned peanuts, or peanuts in processed form, by voluntary or involuntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos.

(7) "Marketing year" means, in the case of the following commodities, the period beginning on the first and ending with the second date specified below:

Corn, October 1-September 30;

Cotton, August 1-July 31;

Rice, August 1-July 31;

Tobacco (flue-cured), July 1-June 30;

Tobacco (other than flue-cured), October 1-September 30;
Wheat, July 1-June 30.

[Peanuts, August 1-July 31 (see Sec. 359 (a), p. 80).]

(8) "National average yield" as applied to cotton or wheat shall be the national average yield per acre of the commodity during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and during the five calendar years in the case of cotton, preceding the year in which such national average yield is used in any computation authorized in this title, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and, in the case of wheat, but not in the case of cotton, for trends in yields.

(9) "Normal production" as applied to any number of acres of corn, cotton, rice, or wheat means the normal yield for the farm times such number of acres.

(10) (A) "Normal supply" in the case of corn, rice, wheat, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be (i) the estimated domestic consumption of the commodity for the marketing year ending immediately prior to the marketing year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (ii) the estimated exports of the commodity for the marketing year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (iii) an allowance for carry-over. The allowance for carry-over shall be the following percentage of the sum of the consumption and exports used in computing normal supply: 15 per centum in the case of corn; 10 per centum in the case of rice; 20 per centum in the case of wheat; and 15 per centum in the case of peanuts. In determining normal supply the Secretary shall make such adjustments for current trends in consumption and for unusual conditions as he may deem

necessary.

[NOTE.-Sec. 2 (a) (2) of the Act of Aug. 29, 1949 (63 Stat. 676), deleted "cotton" from the foregoing definition and added a new subparagraph (C) containing the definition of "normal supply" of cotton. The word "cotton" has not been omitted in the first sentence of sec. 1301 (b) (10) (A) of title 7 of the U. S. Code.]

(B) "Normal supply" in the case of tobacco shall be a normal year's domestic consumption and exports, plus 175 per centum of a normal year's domestic consumption and 65 per centum of a normal year's exports as an allowance for a normal carry-over.

(C) The "normal supply" of cotton for any marketing year shall be the estimated domestic consumption of cotton for the marketing

year for which such normal supply is being determined, plus the estimated exports of cotton for such marketing year, plus 30 per centum of the sum of such consumption and exports as an allowance for

carry-over.

(11) (A) "Normal year's domestic consumption," in the case of corn and wheat, shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity, wherever produced, that was consumed in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(B) "Normal year's domestic consumption," in the case of cotton and tobacco, shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(C) "Normal year's domestic consumption," in the case of rice, shall be the yearly average quantity of rice produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States during the five marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(12) "Normal year's exports" in the case of corn, cotton, rice, tobacco, and wheat shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity produced in the United States that was exported from the United States during the ten marketing years (or, in the case of rice, the five marketing years) immediately preceding the marketing year in which such exports are determined, adjusted for current trends in such exports.

(13) (A) "Normal yield" for any county, in the case of corn or wheat, shall be the average yield per acre of corn or wheat for the county during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, or the five calendar years in the case of corn, immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and, in the case of wheat, for trends in yields. Such normal yield per acre for any county need be redetermined only when the actual average yield for the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, or the five calendar years in the case of corn, immediately preceding the calendar year in which such yield is being reconsidered differs by at least 5 per centum from the actual average yield for the ten years in the case of wheat, or the 5 years in the case of corn, upon which the existing normal yield per acre for the county was based.

(B) "Normal yield" for any county, in the case of cotton or peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of cotton or peanuts for the county, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions, during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined.

(C) In applying subparagraph (A) or (B), if for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, shall be used as the actual yield for such year. In applying such subparagraphs, if, on account of drought, flood, insect