part of payment of the sum by us declared as within mentioned. In witness whereof we have set our hands the day and year within specified." "A regulation made and passed the 30th of August 1654 by the commissioners nominated on both sides, concerning the losses and damages sustained, as well on the part of the English East and West India companies and others, as on the part of the East and West India companies of the United Provinces, etc., pursuant to the treaty of peace between England and the United Provinces, in the year 1654.1

"We, John Exton, William Turner, William Thompson, Thomas Kendal, Adrian van Aelmonde, Christian van Rodenburgh, Lewis Houwen, and James Oysel, to all who shall see these presents and to all whom the underwritten do or may concern, greeting: Whereas by the 30th article of the treaty lately concluded and entered into between the most high lord protector of the Republic of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions thereof, etc., and the high and mighty lords, the states-general of the United Netherlands, it was stipulated That four commissioners shall be named on both sides at the time of exchanging the ratifications, to meet here at London on the 18th of May next, according to the English style, who, at the same time, shall be instructed and authorized, as they are authorized and instructed by these presents, to examine and distinguish all those losses and injuries in the year 1611, and after to the 18th of May 1652, according to the English style, as well in the East Indies, as in Greenland, Muscovy, Brazil, or whatever else either party complains of having suffered them from the other. And the particulars of all those injuries and damages shall be exhibited to the said commissioners so nominated, before the aforesaid 18th day of May, with this restriction, that no new ones shall be admitted after that day.’

"And the most high lord protector above-mentioned and the most high and mighty the states-general of the United Netherlands agreed on both sides afterwards that the meeting of said commissioners should be deferred to the 30th day of May; and being mutually desirous that the things premised in the said article might have their due effect, did nominate and appoint us aforesaid their commissioners, for the examination and determination of the premises, with full, entire, absolute, and irrevocable powers, viz: The aforesaid lord protector, for his part, appointed the aforesaid John Exton, William Turner, William Thompson, and Thomas Kendal; and the aforesaid lords the states-general, in like manner, on their part, nominated Adrian van Aelmonde, Christian van Rodenburgh, Lewis Houwen, and James Oysel. And whereas the said lord protector, and the lords the states-general aforesaid, gave and granted to us the aforesaid John Exton, William Turner, William Thompson, Thomas Kendal, Adrian van Aelmonde, Christian van Rodenburgh, Lewis Houwen, and James Oysel, full and entire power and authority to examine and determine all those injuries which either part complains of having received from the other, from the year 1611 to the 18th day of May 1652, as well in the East Indies as in Greenland, Moscovy, Brazil, or any other country. And whereas it was their pleasure, that we, the aforesaid commissioners, should be fully and wholly impowered to hear and examine

Jenkinson, Treaties, etc., I. 52-68.

all instructions and informations of and concerning the premises, and all and either of them, and to admit of all documents and instruments of proof whatsoever, as also persons and witnesses, both riva roce and otherwise, as it shall be thought good, and in general freely to do and dispatch all and every thing and things which shall be necessary in or about the premises, according to solid discretion, for the better discovery of the truth, summarily, plainly, and without the noise and form of judgment. And whereas they gave and granted to us, the commissioners so chosen, full, entire, and absolute government and arbitration, power and authority to discuss, decide, and adjudge all and singular injuries and losses whatsoever, and (all appeal and revision whatsoever being entirely removed and set aside) as should seem to us the above-said commissioners consistent with equity and reason, finally to determine, liquidate, declare, and estimate the losses on both sides, and order, decree, and award real reparation, restitution, and payment to be made for the respective losses so liquidated and estimated, at convenient and reasonable times and places, and to proceed in the whole business aforesaid, fully, entirely, and finally, according to absolute arbitration, within the space of three months, to be computed successively from the 30th of May, in such manner that whatsoever we the commissioners aforesaid should determine, within the three months aforesaid, should fully and absolutely bind both parties; and both the lord protector for his part and that of the English, and the lords the states-general of the United Netherlands for their own part and that of the people of the United Provinces, were to take care that they caused all and singular the things which should be ordered and awarded by us the said commissioners within the said three months, in all and every one of the premises, to be observed, as is to be seen more at large from the very instruments of the commission. We, therefore, John Exton, William Turner, William Thompson, Thomas Kendal, Adrain van Aelmonde, Christian van Rodenburgh, Lewis Houwen, and James Oysel, meeting here at London, on the 30th of May, by virtue of the commission granted to us, did receive, within the term prefixed, the complaints of injuries and losses which the English society exercising commerce in the East Indies alleged and complained they have received from the East India Company of the United Netherlands, and which, rice versa, the said India Company of the Netherlands complained of having received from the said English company exercising traffick in the Indies, as we have here caused them to be inserted rerbatim..

"A complaint, or certain schedule of losses which the merchants of the English company trading to the East Indies have sustained in the said Indies and the South Sea from the merchants of the Dutch company trading in the Indies aforesaid, for which reparation is required on the part of the aforesaid merchants of the English company before the lords commissioners of both nations.

"First, we desire reparation of the particular losses included in the fifteen articles following, which are calculated at £48,900 15s. sterling. "I. On the 20th of March 1621. That the Dutch merchants at the Molucca Islands, Amboina, and Banda, in the very first year that we were partners of the expense with them in that trade, put down the following costs to the account, after the rate of one-third of our trade, viz. The expenses

laid out on the ships Galihorne and Tingans, on the schools, lodgings, gifts, and other extraordinary matters (to which we are by no means obliged to contribute). And while we advanced our quota, after the rate of one-third, towards the pay of the soldiers in ready money, they paid them in clothing of an unreasonable price; upon which accounts we paid that year 40,000 reals of eight, over and above our third share of the general expenses.

"II. March 21, 1621. That on the part of the English 24,650 reals have been paid for their third share in the building and repair of castles at the Molucca Islands, Banda, and Amboina, in which places we were but one year in possession of the trade, whereas the said repairs would hold good for several years, so that at least three-fourths of the said reals, amounting to 18,488 reals of eight, ought to be refunded.

"III. March 20, 1621. That the Dutch merchants exacted 1,106 reals of eight and compelled the English in the Molucca Islands and Amboina to pay the same, quite contrary to the treaties and conventions, under pretence of paying custom for cloves.

"IV. March 20, 1622. We paid at the Molucca Islands and Amboina 36,965 reals of eight to the said Dutch merchants, to be reckoned towards the expenses of the spices of the second year, expecting to be sharers with them in the trade of those islands; but the injuries and robberies committed upon us daily by the Dutch made us at first anxious and folicitous about the aforesaid trade; and at length the inhuman cruelties with which they treated our nation, first at Poleron, and then at Amboina, wholly drove us out of the said trade; wherefore we desire restitution of the aforesaid reals, for which we have not yet obtained satisfaction.

"V. The said English company in the said first year laid out 23,507 reals of eight in domestic expenses, general charges, rents of houses, gifts, and cost of merchandize in the Molucca Islands, Banda, and Amboina; twothirds of which are to be refunded by the Dutch company, amounting to 15,671 reals of eight.

"VI. August 26, 1622. By the devastation and depopulation of the island of Poleron, the English lost in debts, for which Oran Kayenses and other natives were bound, to the value of 5,725 reals of eight.

"VII. The Dutch took and carried away by violence 21 slaves from the castle of Neilac, situate in the isle of Poleron, who were lawfully in the possession of the English, and are valued at 2,100 reals of eight.

"VIII. They also detained from us one-third part of four hundred slaves and other goods, taken in lawful war by those very ships for which they had settled a price beforehand, and forced us to pay it. Now, the third part of the said slaves, according to their own appraisement, comes to 9,975 reals, which, with the third part of the aforesaid vessels, valued at 1,000 reals, amounts to 10,975 reals of eight.

"IX. In September, 1622. That the Dutch fiscal took away by force certain goods out of the English warehouses at Jacatra, to the value of 16,182 reals of eight, in execution of an unjust sentence given on the part of certain Chinese, notwithstanding the appeal made by our consul to Europe, according to the form of the convention.

"X. February 22, 1622. At the same time when they committed that inhuman massacre of our countrymen at Amboina, they took away 30,058 reals of eight from the English.

"XI. February 20, 1622. That they expelled the English from their dwelling houses, warehouses, and other edifices in the Molucca Islands and Banda, in the building of which they had laid out 4,266 reals.

"XII. That they had compelled the English in Jacatra to pay customs and other taxes contrary to treaties to the value of 4,777 reals of eight. "XIII. About the beginning of April 1627 the Dutch fiscal took away by force a sum of money to the value of 7,242 reals out of the warehouses of the English at Jacatra, in Japan, in execution of an unjust sentence on the part of John Mary Moret, an Italian.

"XIV. That they compelled our commissary, or agent, Richard Welden, to pay 50 reals at Banda for setting one Danckes at liberty, whom they had almost starved to death in prison.

XV. Moreover, the governor having spent 200 barrels of powder in the discharges he caused to be made of the guns by way of ostentation at certain entertainments, they compelled our said agent to pay one-third of the expense, at the rate of 30 reals for each barrel, which amounts in the whole to 2,000 reals.

"Secondly. We demand satisfaction for the fruits of the island Poleron, which used to produce annually 228,000 lb. weight of nutmegs, and about 60,000 lb. weight of mace, of which the one-third due to the English (reckoning every pound of nutmegs at 12d. and every pound of mace at 28.) brought in 5,9667. 138. 4d. a year, which, if repeated for eighteen years, viz, to the year 1639, according to agreement, amounts to 107,3901. sterling.

Thirdly. We demand satisfaction for all the fruits whatsoever of the said island Poleron, for the last fifteen years elapsed, since the year 1639, when they were to come to the English alone, to this present year 1654; which fruits, supposing the produce to be in proportion as aforesaid, viz, of 228,000 lb. weight of nutmegs and 60,000 lb. of mace, yield 17,900 pounds a year, and for the fifteen years 268,500 pounds.

"Fourthly. We demand that the island Poleron, which manifestly and rightfully belongs to the English, both by consent and by stipulations made in the convention in the year 1619, may be restored to us, and restored up to us and delivered up to us in the same state as when it was when we were expelled from it.

"Fifthly. We demand satisfaction for the fruits of the island of Loutor, which, as will manifestly appear by the depositions of the several witnesses, has produced 500,000 lb. weight of nutmegs and 200,000 lb. weight of mace per annum, the third part of which coming to the English (reckoning a pound of nutmegs at 12d. and a pound of mace at 2s. as aforesaid) yields 15,000l. a year, and 270,0001. for eighteen years.

"Sixthly. We demand satisfaction for all the fruits whatsoever of the said island of Loutor, appertaining to the English alone, and gathered for fifteen years last past; which, according to the rates of the nutmegs and mace above-mentioned, bring in 15,000l. a year, and from the year 1639 to 1654, amount to 675,0001.

"Seventhly. We demand restitution of the island Loutor above-mentioned, belonging solely to the English, who were actually and rightfully possessed of it in the year 1620, at the very time when the articles of confederacy and peace were first concluded in those parts of the Indies, and who, it is no less true, were afterwards forcibly expelled from that possession by the Dutch.

"Eighthly. According to the articles of the convention, we demand satisfaction for the thirds of all the Spice Islands whatsoever, which have been possessed by the Dutch from the year 1621 to 1639, viz, within these eighteen years; the thirds of which islands, after reckoning the expenses, we compute worth 25,000l. a year, so that our share in eighteen years' time amounts to 450,0007.

"Ninthly. We demand satisfaction for all the merchandize and provisions partly taken from us and partly by us delivered to the commissioners of the Dutch company trading in the Indies or to any of their ships whatsoever, going out or returning, to the value of 12,000 reals of eight, or 3,0001. sterling.

"Tenthly. We demand satisfaction for one moiety of the customs of Persia due to us since the year 1624 for the Dutch merchandize by virtue of a treaty betwixt us and the King of Persia, which moiety over and above the yearly value of 4,000l. we are sure has been spent, and which for thirty years to the present year, viz, 1654, makes 120,0001.

"Eleventhly. We demand reparation of the loss of our dwelling houses, warehouses, merchandize, and provisions which were fraudulently and wickedly consumed by fire at Jacatra in the year 1628, the Dutch governor in that place giving the occasion, as has been proved by solemu protestations. The aforesaid losses are computed at 200,000 reals of eight, which amount to 50,0001. sterling.

"Twelfthly. We demand reparation of the losses which we sustained from the Dutch since they denied us free passage to Bantam. From which time for six years we have been altogether hindered from that trade, and consequently from laying out 600,000 reals of eight in the purchase of pepper according to our proportion; which pepper, if it had been bought, would have served to load our ships for another market, while for want of cargoes of merchandize they lay in the Indies without any motion, and were worm-eaten; during which our money and provisions were spent in the seamen's wages and daily allowances; so that the losses aforesaid can not be reckoned at less than 2 millions of reals, or 600,0001. sterling.

"Thirteenthly. We demand that 102,959 reals of eight may be refunded to us, being the sum of money taken from our countrymen at Surat by the subjects of Mogul, who were so protected by the Dutch that we were not able to make reprisals upon their persons or goods, either in galleys or ships; which nevertheless might have easily been attempted and done, had not the Dutch, with the greatest injury to us, given shelter to those pirates; and which sum of money, if it had not been taken from us as aforesaid, had long ago produced us in Europe one-third profit; wherefore we compute those losses at 77,2001. sterling.

"Fourteenthly. We demand the restitution of a quantity of pepper taken by the Dutch in the year 1649, out of the ship called Endymion Pandongha, near Sumatra. The loss we have sustained on that account is computed at 6,000l.

"Fifteenthly. We demand satisfaction for the losses we have sustained since the year 1649 in the price of pepper, which we have been compelled to buy at a greater rate in other places than that commodity used to be sold for on the coasts of Sumatra; which trade the Dutch have by violence