black circles unaccompanied by names or any designations. Of these maps I have seen copies in the Library of Congress, in the Geological Survey, in the General Land Office, in the Office of the Chief of Engineers, and in the State Department. Some of these are numbered and others not. Could there have been two editions? These sheets cover less territory than the originals. They show the belt of topography, but omit the signatures and legends, if indeed there were any on the copy furnished the lithographer. The copy in the State Department has a clear, strong red line along portions of the boundary and under the title (sheet 7) has the following in the draftsman's hand: NOTE.-The red lines indicate the portions of the boundary actually surveyed and marked by vistas cut through the forest and monuments of stone. In the General Land Office there is a photographic copy of the detailed sheets dated 1866, on which are lines similar to the red ones above mentioned. As to this photographic copy we have the following statement made by Mr. Campbell in a letter to the Secretary of State, dated February 3, 1869:1 In collating the results of the survey * * * complete maps on a large scale [were] made of the entire boundary and the adjacent country. A general map has also been made, showing the extent of the country traversed. And to facilitate the survey of the public lands, photographic duplicates of the detailed sheets showing each monument on the boundary line, with its geographical position, were furnished to the General Land Office. I have examined these photographs in the General Land Office. There are four of them, each 20 by 70 inches in size, and each composed of several separate photographs, which have been joined together, mounted on cloth, and bound with blue braid. A special title was prepared and photographed for each of these four maps. The title of the easternmost sheet is as follows: Photographic Sketch of the detailed Maps of the Boundary between the United States and the British Possessions, showing the Monuments from Mooyie and Yah’k Divide to Rocky Mountain Divide. Mapped under the direction of the United States North West Boundary Commission. From Surveys by the Joint Commission to carry into effect the 1st Article of the Treaty between the United States and Great Britain and authorized on the part of the United States by Act of Congress of August 11th 1856. Archibald Campbell, U. S. Commissioner. John G. Parke, U. S. Eng., Chief Astr. and Surveyor. G. Clinton Gardner, Ass't Astr. and Surveyor. William J. Warren, Secretary. John J. Major, Clerk. Scale 1: 120000. 1866. The titles of the others are identical with this, except as to the country covered. This easternmost sheet embraces longitude 113° 45′ to 116°, from Mooyie and Yah'k Divide to Rocky Mountain Divide; 1 House Ex. Doc. No. 86, Fortieth Congress, third session, p. 96. surveyed and marked under the direction of the Joint Commission appointed to carry into effect the 1st article of the treaty. Scale of 1:63360 or one statute mile to one inch. Photo-zincographed at the ordnance survey office under the superintendence of Captain R. M. Parsons, R. E., F. R. A. S.; Col. Sir H. James, R. E., F. R. S., etc., director, 1869. The six sheets following this are numbered 1 to 6, from west to east, and are signed "J. S. Hawkins, colonel, Royal Engineers, H. B. M. commissioner, 7th May, 1869." The geographic coordinates of camps and stations are given; topography is shown by hachures, trails are shown in brown, and water in blue. Iron monuments are shown by a square symbol (■) and stone monuments by a round one (●). The vistas and cleared part of the line appear to be indicated by two lines, one down on each side of the parallel, thus, (d) Between the title of the mile scale sheets and the sheets themselves are two double pages, the first containing ten photographic views of monuments and vistas, as follows: Initial monument, stone obelisk, Point Roberts, four views, one of each face. Boundary monument, Mooyie River. Boundary monument and cutting, Kootenay East. Boundary monument and cutting, Yak'h River. Boundary monument and cutting, Kish-e-nehn. Boundary monument, watershed Rocky Mountains, looking north. Boundary monument, watershed Rocky Mountains, looking south. The second double page contains two tables of geographic coordinates, with descriptions of stations. These tables are printed in this bulletin, pages 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39. According to these tables there are 161 monuments, marking parts of a boundary line 410 miles long. These are: Maps to illustrate the boundary line established by the convention of London, 20th October, 1818, and the treaty of Washington, 15th June, 1846, between the British Possessions in North America and the United States, compiled from the following authorities: * * * * * Scale of .0528 inches to 1 statute mile, or 1:1200000. Photozincographed, etc. 1869. This is followed by three double-page photographic maps showing the country between the forty-fifth and fifty-first parallels of north latitude and from the Pacific Ocean eastward to Minnesota. GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES. The geographic positions of various camps and stations in the vicinity of the parallel were determined astronomically. Latitudes were determined with the zenith telescope; azimuth and time with the transit. Longitudes were determined by chronometer, by moon-culminating stars, and at one station, Camp Mooyie, by the solar eclipse of July 7, 1860. It would seem that 28 fundamental or base stations were established near the boundary. For these stations measurements were made to the parallel. Thereupon other stations, with monuments, were established on the parallel. Of these stations on the parallel there are 161. The description of these fundamental or base stations and of the 161 stations on the parallel, their location, longitude, etc., are given in Tables I to IV herewith. Tables I and III are made up from data on the photographic copies of the final map which were deposited in the General Land Office in 1866. Tables II and IV are copied from the British atlas in the State Department, which was presented by the British minister, Sir Edward Thornton, in 1871. The results from the two sources are almost identical, but as they are not absolutely so, and as the originals are not conveniently accessible, it was deemed best to print, side by side, the results from these two sources. 1 For method employed see Appendix A, pp. 64-65. |