shall be chosen by lot as Grand Jurors, five of whom must concur to find an indictment. But the Legislative Assembly may modify or abolish Grand Juries.

SEC. 19. Public officers shall not be impeached; but incompetency, corruption, malfeasance or delinquency in office may be tried in the same manner as criminal offences, and judgment may be given of dismissal from office, and such further punishment as may have been prescribed by law.

SEC. 20. The Governor may remove from office a Judge of the Supreme Court, or Prosecuting Attorney, upon the joint resolution of the Legislative Assembly, in which two-thirds of the members elected to each house shall concur, for incompetency, corruption, malfeasance or delinquency in office, or other sufficient cause stated in such resolution.

SEC. 21. Every Judge of the Supreme Court, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall take and subscribe, and transmit to the Secretary of State, the following oath:

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Oregon, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of a Judge of the Supreme and Circuit Courts of said State, according to the best of my ability, and that I will not accept any other office, except judicial offices, during the term for which I have been elected."

ARTICLE VIII.

Education and School Lands.

SECTION 1. The Governor shall be Superintendent of Public Instruction, and his powers and duties in that capacity shall be such as may be prescribed by law; but after the term of five years from the adoption of this Constitution, it shall be competent for the Legislative Assembly to provide by law for the election of a Superintendent, to provide for his compensation, and prescribe his powers and duties.

SEC.2. The proceeds of all the lands which have been or hereafter may be granted to this State, for educational purposes, (excepting the lands heretofore granted to aid in the establishment of a university), all the moneys and clear proceeds of all property which may accrue to the State by escheat or forfeiture; all moneys which may be paid as exemption from military duty; the proceeds of all gifts, devises and bequests, made by any person to the State for common school purposes; the proceeds of all property granted to the State when the purposes of

such grant shall not be stated; all the proceeds of the five hundred thousand acres of land to which the State is entitled by the provisions of an Act of Congress, entitled "An Act to appropriate the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, and to grant pre-emption rights, approved the 4th of September, 1841," and also the five per centum of the net proceeds of the sales of the public lands, to which this State shall become entitled on her admission into the Union (if Congress shall consent to such appropriation of the two grants last mentioned) shall be set apart as a separate and irreducible fund, to be called the Common School Fund, the interest of which, together with all other revenues derived from the school land mentioned in this section, shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools in each school district, and the purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor.

SEC. 3. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the establishment of a uniform and general system of common schools.

SEC. 4. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the income of the common school fund among the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of children resident therein between the ages of four and twenty years.

SEC. 5. The Governor, Secretary of State, and State Treasurer shall constitute a Board of Commissioners for the sale of school and university lands, and for the investinent of the funds arising therefrom, and their powers and duties shall be such as may be prescribed by law; Provided, That no part of the university funds, or of the interest arising therefrom, shall be expended until the period of ten years from the adoption of this Constitution, unless the same shall be otherwise disposed of by the consent of Congress for common school purposes.

ARTICLE IX.

Finance.

SECTION 1. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just valuation for taxation of all property, both real and personal, excepting such only for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious, or charitable purposes as may be specially exempted by law.

SEC. 2. The Legislative Assembly shall provide for raising revenue sufficient to defray the expenses of the State for each fiscal year, and

also a sufficient sum to pay the interest on the State debt, if there be

any.

SEC. 3. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law imposing a tax shall state distinctly the object of the same, to which only it shall be applied.

SEC. 4. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in pursuance of appropriations made by law.

SEC. 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the Legislative Assembly.

SEC. 6. Whenever the expenses of any fiscal year shall exceed the income, the Legislative Assembly shall provide for levying a tax for the ensuing fiscal year, sufficient, with other sources of income, to pay the deficiency, as well as the estimated expense of the ensuing fiscal year.

SEC. 7. Laws making appropriations for the salaries of public officers and other current expenses of the State, shall contain provisions upon no other subject.

SEC. 8. All stationery required for the use of the State shall be furnished by the lowest responsible bidder, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. But no State officer, or member of the Legislative Assembly shall be interested in any bid or contract for furnishing such stationery.

ARTICLE X.

Militia.

SECTION 1. The militia of this State shall consist of all able-bodied male citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, except such persons as now are or hereafter may be exempted by the laws of the United States or of this State.

SEC. 2. Persons whose religious tenets or conscientious scruples forbid them to bear arms, shall not be compelled to do so in time of peace, but shall pay an equivalent for personal service.

SEC. 3. The Governor shall appoint the Adjutant General and the other chief officers of the general staff, and his own staff; and all officers of the line shall be elected by the persons subject to military duty in their respective districts.

SEC. 4. The Majors General, Brigadiers General, Colonels, or Commandants of regiments, battalions or squadrons, shall severally appoint their staff officers, and the Governor shall commission all officers of the line and staff ranking as such.

SEC. 5. The Legislative Assembly shall fix by law the method of dividing the militia into divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions and companies, and make all other needful rules and regulations in such manner as they may deem expedient, not incompatible with the Constitution or laws of the United States, or of the Constitution of this State, and shall fix the rank of all staff officers.

ARTICLE XI.

Corporations and Internal Improvements.

SECTION 1. The Legislative Assembly shall not have the power to establish or incorporate any bank or banking company, or moneyed institution whatever; nor shall any bank, company or institution exist in the State with the privilege of making, issuing or putting into circulation any bill, check, certificate, promissory note or other paper, or the paper of any bank, company or person to circulate as money.

SEC. 2. Corporations may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created by special laws except for municipal purposes. All laws passed pursuant to this section may be altered, amended or repealed, but not so as to impair or destroy any vested corporate rights.

SEC. 3. The stockholders of all corporations and joint stock companies shall be liable for the indebtedness of said corporation to the amount of their stock subscribed and unpaid, and no more.

SEC. 4. No person's property shall be taken by any corporation, under authority of law, without compensation being first made or secured in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

SEC. 5. Acts of the Legislative Assembly incorporating towns and cities shall restrict their powers of taxation, borrowing money, contracting debts and loaning their credit.

SEC. 6. The State shall not subscribe to or be interested in the stock of any company, association or corporation.

SEC. 7. The Legislative Assembly shall not loan the credit of the State, nor in any manner create any debt or liabilities which shall singly or in the aggregate, with previous debts or liabilities, exceed the sum of fifty thousand dollars, except in case of war, or to repel invasion or suppress insurrection; and every contract of indebtedness entered into or assumed by or on behalf of this State, when all its liabilities and debts amount to said sum, shall be void and of no effect.

SEC. 8. The State shall never assume the debts of any county, town or other corporation whatever, unless such debts shall have been created to repel invasion, suppress insurrection or defend the State in war.

SEC. 9. No county, city, town or other municipal corporation, by a vote of its citizens, or otherwise, shall become a stockholder in any joint stock company, corporation or association whatever, or raise money for or loan its credit to or in aid of any such company, corporation or association.

SEC. 10. No county shall create any debts or liabilities which shall singly or in the aggregate exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, except to suppress insurrection or repel invasion; but the debts of any county, at the time this Constitution takes effect, shall be disregarded in estimating the sum to which such county is limited.

ARTICLE XII

State Printer.

SECTION 1. There shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State, at the times and places of choosing members of the Legislative Assembly, a State Printer, who shall hold his office for the term of four years. He shall perform all the public printing for the State, which may be provided by law. The rates to be paid to him for such printing shall be fixed by law, and shall neither be increased nor diminished during the term for which he shall have been elected. He shall give such security for the performance of his duties as the Legislative Assembly may provide.

ARTICLE XIII.

Salaries.

SECTION 1. The Governor shall receive an annual salary of fifteen hundred dollars. The Secretary of State shall receive an annual salary of fifteen hundred dollars. The Treasurer of State shall receive an annual salary of eight hundred dollars. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall each receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars. They shall receive no fees or perquisites whatever for the performance of any duties connected with their respective offices; and the compensation of officers, if not fixed by this Constitution, shall be provided by law.