a residence of about fourteen days, returned in the same manner to Bootan. His villa was ornamented with drawings of that city; of Lubrong, the residence of Teshoo Lama in Tibet; of Cattamandu, the capital of Nepal, and Patan, in the same kingdom, as well as of other places of famed resort. Their representations partook both of plan and perspective, though without the advantages of light and shade. A bull-fight constituted one of the entertainments, and the Rajah was engaged in preparations for the festival of Durga, at the autunnal equinox, when our travellers left Tasisudon.

to the castle of Wandipur, twenty-
four miles from Tasisudon, and to
Punukka, the winter seat of the
Rajah. Still no towns are men
tioned as occurring in the route.
"The castle of Wandipur towers
high upon the narrow extremity
of a rock, which stands between
the Matchieu Patchieu, and the
Tahantchieu rivers, both which
streams unite at its sharpened
point: they then form together a
river of considerable magnitude,
that takes the name Chaantchieu,
and shapes its course between the
frontier mountains, flowing finally
along the flat surface of the district
of Bijnee, into the Berhampooter."
The united stream is manifestly
the river Suniacasa, which tra-
verses Rangamatty, and combines
with the Gadadhara (or Tehin-
chieu) before their confluence
with the Brahmaputra. Chiew
signifies a river in the Tibetan
tongue; hence we find it annexed
to all the proper names of the
streams which water these moun-
tainous regions. The bridge of
Wandipur is of singular lightness
and beauty, constructed entirely
of fir, without the smallest piece
of metal to
connect its parts.
Punukka is placed in a less elevated
situation, and a more genial soil
produces in abundance the fruits
of tropical and temperate climates.
A citadel and gilded canopy rises
in the midst of the palaces of
Punukka and Wandipur, similar
to that described at Tasisudon.

Book II. Chap. 1. brings us from the capital to the frontier of Bootan. The route lay south-west from Tasisudon, till our travellers reached the river Patchieu : they crossed Pomola, covered with snow at midsummer; Phajudee, the place of the Rajah's last regeneration was distinguished by its palace, and inscribed flags. An extensive monastery occupied the summit of the mountain, the president of which was as usual styled Lama; to the prevalence of these monastic institutions the scanty population may doubtless be attributed. But in Bootan, superstition and ambition concur to control the most genial propensities of nature: celibacy is the road to distinction and power in this ecclesiastic government; and Capt. Turner remarks, "that the higher orders of men, entirely engrossed by political or ecclesiastical duties, leave to the husbandman and labourer, to those who till the fields and live by their industry, the exclusive charge of propagating the species." Nor is this entirely the case, for custom obliges every family that has more

Chap. 8. is enlivened by a detail of the Rajah's efforts to amuse his guests, and many particulars of his conversation. This monarch had travelled incognito, with a single attendant from Tasisudon to the extensive city of Lassa, bad paid his devotions at the sacred shrine of a Pootala, (Buddhalay, the mansion of Buddha), and after

than

smallest quantity of soil, is cleared and adapted to cultivation, by being shelved into horizontal beds; not a slope or narrow slip of land between the ridges, lies unim proved. There is scarcely a mountain, whose base is not washed by some rapid torrent, and many of the loftiest, bear populous villages, amidst orchards, and other plantations, on their summits and on their sides.

It combines in its extent, the most extravagant traits of rude nature, and laborious art.”

vels, and of game, I saw only a
few pheasants, once near Chuka.”

The Tibetians like the Persees
of India neither inhume nor burn
their dead; their bodies are ex-
posed in the open air, and left to
be devoured by ravens, kites, and
other carnivorous birds. A place
appropriated to this purpose, was
seen on descending the mountain
of Somoonang into the plain of
Phari. The fortress of Phari and
its extensive suburb was left on the
west, whilst our travellers pro-
ceeded to Chassa Goombah, where
they were received by the Lama.
A rocky plain intersected by num-
berless streams, extended on every
side: the mountains which bound
it are the retreat of the musk deer,
an animal which delights in the
most intense cold, and is always
found in places bordering on snow.
They are about the height of a
moderately sized hog, which they
resemble much in the figure of the
body; they have a small head, a
thick and round hind quarter, no
scut, and extremely delicate limbs.
The long hair with which it is
covered, partakes in its texture,
less of the nature of hair than fea-
thers; or rather, it resembles the
porcupine's quill. Two long curved
tusks proceed from the upper jaw,
and are directed downwards, the
musk is a secretion formed in a
little bag, or tumour, resembling
a wen, situated at the navel; and
is found only in the male. Num-
bers of wild horses were seen at a
distance; they were very shy, but
our auther could distinguish long
ears, like those of an ass, or mule;
the ears, neck, body and tail, were
of a fawn colour; the face, belly,
and legs almost white. Here our
travellers appear to have attained
their greatest elevation, for after
passing a river, which shapes its
course towards Nepal, those they
afterwards

Tibet, on the other hand, strikes a traveller, at first sight, as one of the least favoured countries under heaven, and appears to be in a great measure incapable of culture. It exhibits only low rocky hills, without any visible vegetation, or extensive arid plains, both of the most stern and stubborn aspect, promising full as little as they produce. Its climate is cold and bleak in the extreme, from the severe effects of which, the inhabitants are obliged to seek refuge in sheltered valleys, and hollows, or amidst the warmest aspects of the rocks. Yet perhaps, Providence, in its impartial distribution of blessings, has bestowed on each country a tolerably equal share. The advantages that one possesses in fertility, and in the richness of its forests and its fruits, are amply counterbalanced in the other by its multitudinous flocks, and invaluable mines. As one seems to possess the pabulum of vegetable, in the other, we find a superabundance of animal, life. The variety and quantity of wild fowl, game, and beasts of prey, flocks, droves and herds, in Tibet, are astonishing. In Bootan, except domestic creatures, nothing of the sort is to be seen. I recol lect meeting with no wild animal except the monkey, in all my tra

hall with aromatic odours. Cap-
tain Turner's arrival happened at
a period of high importance in the
annals of Tibet, for the infant
Lama was about to be removed
from the house of his parents to
the monastery of Terpaling, on
which occasion he was to receive
the first public recognition of his
sacred character. The ceremony
was conducted with suitable
pomp, and a party of Chinese
troops escorted the procession, by
command of the Emperor. The
influence of the Chinese officers
was manifestly hostile to the mis-
sion of the English embassador,
and that influence though founded
entirely on fear, was still more
considerable at the court of Lassa,
though the Tibetians are said to
consider the Chinese as a gross
and impure race of men.

high piles of their sacred books."
The shell or covering of the pyras
mid, which constitutes the exterior
of the mausoleum, is a structure,
when viewed at some distance,
of considerable magnitude and
beauty. The pillar, scolloped
arch, and pediment of Hindustan,,
prevail in the interior apartments;
the external decorations are of
Chinese, or Tartar origin, similar ·
to those of the watch-tower, or
temple of the former; the tented
canopy and imperial dragon. in
the centre of the front, on a
tablet, the mystic sentence oons
maunie paimee oom, is engraved.
A frieze and whitened cornice sur-
rounds the top; and a spacious
tented canopy, richly gilt, which
is supposed to stand immediately
over the remains of the Lama,
crowns the whole structure; its
edges swell with a bold and easy
sweep, the convolutions of the
Chinese dragon fill up the space of
the ridge, and a prodigious num
ber of small bells hung round it,
make an inconceivable jingle with
every breeze that blows.

Chap. 5, contains an animated and perspicuous description of the splendid mausoleum, which contains the remains of the late Teshoo Lama. The court-yard before it was paved, and surrounded with a colonnade, for the accommodation of the pious; the pillars were painted with vermilion, and ornamented with gilding. In the centre a large gate opened to the principal avenue of the monastery; two ponderous doors being thrown open, discovered a most beautiful pyramid, at the base of which the body of the Lama was deposited in a coffin of pure gold. An ef figy of gold crowns the pyramid, before which incense is burnt; the sides of the pyramid were encased with plates of solid silver, and on each step were piled the most costly articles. "Another image of the Lama of solid silver, as large as life stood on the right side; offerings of fruits, flowers, and corn were placed on an altar in front; and on the floor were

Chap. 6. is occupied with a long and amusing account of his interviews with the Regent, previously to his leaving the capital. Capt. Turner found him particu larly inquisitive on geographical points, and to have formed a more extensive acquaintance with distant countries than might have been expected. In common with the rest of his countrymen he entertained a profound veneration for the places held sacred by the Hindus, Gaya, Allahabad, Be nares, and Ganga-sagar. The late Empress of Russia attempted to establish an intercourse with Ti bet, for commercial purposes; a bible with plates in the Russian language was exhibited as a present from that sovereign. One

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