darus with Creseide. Whereas his Tarquin permits no hour of civil amenities to be interposed irrelevantly between his purpose and its execution, but has no sooner burst into Lucretia's house than he 'stalks' into her chamber. Shakespeare, on the other hand, expands with evident delight Ovid's hint of Lucrece's hospitable courtesy into a dramatic scene charged with pathetic suggestion, the more so because we see it as reflected in the wavering mind of Tarquin, somewhat as we see the 'golden opinions' of men reflected in the wavering mind of Macbeth : Quoth he, 'She took me kindly by the hand, More poignantly still, we are reminded of Othello's anguished cry as he hangs over the sleeping Desdemona - Put out the light, and then put out the light,'-by Tarquin's bitter apostrophe to the torch which is about to light him to his victim : Fair torch, burn out thy light, and lend it not Of this long inward debate, neither Ovid's Tarquin nor Chaucer's knows anything. It is true that the dramatic execution is still far from Shakespearean : neither Tarquin nor Lucrece is bodied forth with convincing vitality; but the play of rhetoric is several degrees more remote than in the Venus from the curious ingenuities and idle elegances of arabesque ; if incomplete as a presentation of life, it is woven of living material; we have to do, as an excellent critic of these poems has lately said, with 'a drama of emotion,' no longer with 'a pageant of gesture.' THE RAPE OF LUCRECE TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON AND BARON OF TITchfield. THE love I dedicate to your lordship is without end; whereof this pamphlet without beginning is but a superfluous moiety. The warrant I have of your honourable disposition, not the worth of my untutored lines, makes it assured of acceptance. What I have done is yours; what I have to do is yours; being part in all I have, devoted yours. Were my worth greater, my duty would show greater; meantime, as it is, it is bound to your lordship, to whom I wish long life still lengthened with all happiness. Your lordship's in all duty, WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. THE ARGUMENT. LUCIUS TARQUINIUS, for his excessive pride surnamed Superbus, after he had caused his own father-in-law Servius Tullius to be cruelly murdered, and, contrary to the Roman laws and customs, not requiring or staying for the people's suffrages, had possessed himself of the kingdom, went, accompanied with his sons and other noblemen of Rome, to besiege Ardea, during which siege the principal men of the army meeting one evening at the tent of Sextus Tarquinius, the king's son, in their discourses after supper every one commended the virtues of his own wife: among whom Collatinus extolled the incomparable chastity of his wife Lucretia. In that pleasant humour they all posted to Rome; and intending, by their secret and VOL. X 305 X sudden arrival, to make trial of that which every one had before avouched, only Collatinus finds his wife, though it were late in the night, spinning amongst her maids: the other ladies were all found dancing and revelling, or in several disports: whereupon the noblemen yielded Collatinus the victory, and his wife the fame. At that time Sextus Tarquinius being enflamed with Lucrece' beauty, yet smothering his passions for the present, departed with the rest back to the camp; from whence he shortly after privily withdrew himself, and was, according to his estate, royally entertained and lodged by Lucrece at Collatium. The same night he treacherously stealeth into her chamber, violently ravished her, and early in the morning speedeth away. Lucrece, in this lamentable plight, hastily dispatcheth messengers, one to Rome for her father, another to the camp for Collatine. They came, the one accompanied with Junius Brutus, the other with Publius Valerius; and finding Lucrece attired in mourning habit, demanded the cause of her sorrow. She, first taking an oath of them for her revenge, revealed the actor, and whole manner of his dealing, and withal suddenly stabbed herself. Which done, with one consent they all vowed to root out the whole hated family of the Tarquins ; and bearing the dead body to Rome, Brutus acquainted the people with the doer and manner of the vile deed, with a bitter invective against the tyranny of the king: wherewith the people were so moved, that with one consent and a general acclamation the Tarquins were all exiled, and the state government changed from kings to consuls. FROM the besiegèd Ardea all in post, And girdle with embracing flames the waist Haply that name of 'chaste' unhappily set 10. let, forbear. To praise the clear unmatched red and white For he the night before, in Tarquin's tent, O happiness enjoy'd but of a few! Honour and beauty, in the owner's arms, Beauty itself doth of itself persuade Of that rich jewel he should keep unknown Perchance his boast of Lucrece' sovereignty 20 30 40 |