or tree, in the vicinity of San Francisco growing 40-60 feet high and 2-4 feet in diameter, and ranging southward to Santa Barbara, Southern Arizona and Sonora. The more eastern J. rupestris, Engelm., is but 6-20 feet high, with more numerous and usually more acuminate leaflets, the aments only two inches long with smaller flowers, 20-30 stamens, shorter anthers and a more prominent connective, the globose nut 6-7 lines in diameter with very thick and nearly solid walls.

MYRICA HARTWEGI. Diœcious; leaves deciduous, oblanceolate, acute, attenuate to a short petiole, 2 inches long, serrate above, pubescent, especially on the margin, as also the branchlets; staminate spikes solitary, cylindrical, 5-8 lines long, many-flowered; bracts glabrous, brown, imbricated, broadly ovate, acute; stamens 3-4, shorter than the bracts, the filaments united at base; female flowers and fruit unknown. (M. Gale, Benth. in Pl. Hartweg.) Collected by Hartweg (n. 1958) on the Sacramento, by Fremont, and on the south fork of the Merced near Clark's Station by Mr. Muir, who describes it as a small bush six feet high. It differs from M. Gule (which is not known from south of Alaska on the Pacific Coast) in its larger, thinner, acute and more coarsely toothed leaves, the male aments rather longer. and less crowded.

POPULUS FREMONTII. Leaves puberulent, especially upon the margin, subreniform, abruptly acute, rather deeply sinuate-dentate, the many incurved teeth scarcely glandular-tipped; petioles slender, equalling the blade, somewhat flattened above; male aments stout, 4-5 inches long, loose, with slender pedicels 8-10 lines long, and naked laciniately fringed bracts, the torus thick and conspicuous, 3-4 lines broad; stamens 60 or more; fruiting aments 4 inches long, with pedicels 2 lines long, the three stigmas broadly dilated and irregularly lobed; fruit ovate, 3-4 lines long, as broad as the torus, with three very thick finely tuberculate valves, the sutures not prominent. - Collected by Fremont (n. 243, 244 of 1846) on Deer Creek at "Lassens" in the Upper Sacramento Valley. The young branches are light gray, slightly pubescent, not angled. Distinguished especially by the remarkably developed torus.

XI.

LIST OF THE MARINE ALGE OF THE UNITED STATES,

WITH NOTES OF NEW AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

By W. G. FARLOW.

Presented, March 9, 1875.

SINCE the publication, in 1857, of the third part of the Nereis Am.Bor., by Prof. W. H. Harvey, the contributions to our knowledge of North American algæ have not been numerous. Prof. J. G. Agardh, of Lund, and Dr. F. J. Ruprecht, of St. Petersburg, are almost the only persons who have described new species found on our shores. That so few novelties have been described by American botanists, is to be attributed to the fact that the eastern coast, where the greater number of our botanists reside, has a very limited flora. From Eastport, Me., to Boston, the flora is arctic in character; and, as usual in such. cases, the number of species is small in comparison with the number of individuals. Of the habits of the winter and spring species of this portion of the coast we know very little, since the severity of the climate renders frequent visits to the shore at those seasons difficult, if not dangerous. The marine vegetation from Nantucket to New York has been better studied than that of any other portion of our coast. By the opportunities for dredging offered by the United States Fish Commission, under Prof. Baird, it has been found that some of the plants, as Euthora cristata, Ag., which were supposed to be peculiar to northern New England, occur in the deeper and cooler water south of Cape Cod. Although some localitics, as Wood's Hole, are comparatively rich in species, it must be confessed that north of Key West there are no places to be compared, as far as the richness of the marine flora is concerned, with the coast of Devonshire in England, or that of France from Calvados to Finisterre. On the coast from New York northward we are not to expect many additions, except of the smaller species of Ectocarpus, Lyngbya, &c. The reprehensible practice of our algologists, of collecting and drying large numbers of specimens, rather than

of making careful microscopic investigations on the shore, is not conducive to a scientific knowledge of our algæ. Of the coast from New York to Charleston we know very little; but, owing to its sandy character, we are not to expect much. Botanists visiting the Delaware Breakwater, Norfolk, or Wilmington, N.C., would do good service by giving lists of the algae found there, that the southern limit of several common species might be fixed.

Whatever may be said of the poverty of our eastern coast, Key West outranks even the famous Biarritz for number of species. It is curious to notice the very large per cent of the species in the following list which occur there. The flora of that region is peculiarly West Indian, and has little in common with that of the rest of the United States. We are in almost complete ignorance of the algae on the coast of the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. The Pacific coast far exceeds the eastern in the richness of its flora, and future additions to our alge will come from this region. Fortunately, the number of botanists in the Pacific States is now tolerably large, and the work of deciding the limits of doubtful species must be accomplished by observers on that shore rather than in eastern herbaria.

The classification followed in the accompanying list is that adopted by Harvey in the Nereis Am.-Bor. Since his day, discoveries have been made with regard to the development of the different groups, which demand a complete revision of Harvey's classification; but this is not the place for instituting such a change. Species not mentioned in the Nereis are denoted by a star. The attention of persons living on the seashore is directed to the italicized questions.

The list is intended to include all the species growing on the shores of the United States proper, not including Alaska. Those of Vancouver's Island are only in part enumerated, and some of the following named species mentioned by Harvey, in his article on the Algæ from the North-west Coast, may occur also in our Pacific States: Cystophyllum Lepidium, Rupr.; Carpomitra Cabrera, Kütz.; Agarum fimbriatum, Harv.; Laminaria apoda, Harv.; Ectocarpus oviger, Harv.; Polysiphonia senticulosa, Harv.; Cystoclonium gracilarioides, Harv.; Callophyllis flabellulata, Harv.; Kallymenia reniformis, Ag.; Iridea cordata, Ag.; Halymenia ligulata, Ag.; Prionitis Lyallii, Harv.; Schizymenia? coccinea, Harv.; Cullithamnion thuyoideum, Ag.; and C. subulatum, Harv.

MELANOSPERMÆ,

FUCACEE.

1. SARGASSUM VULGARE, Ag. Wood's Hole, Mass., and southward. — Under this species must be included S. Montagnei, Bailey, which is certainly nothing more than a variety.

2. SARGASSUM AFFINE, Ag. Florida? — S. platycarpum, Mont., recognized by the large size of the glands on the leaves, was incorrectly distributed by me as S. affine with C. Wright's Cuban Algæ.

3. SARGASSUM BACCIFERUM, Ag. Gulf Stream, coast of Florida. 4. SARGASSUM HYSTRIX, Ag. This species, according to Agardh, ranges from Mexico to Newfoundland. I have specimens from Cuba, collected by Mr. Charles Wright; but it must be regarded as extremely doubtful if the species occurs on the New England coast, particularly north of Cape Cod.

5. SARGASSUM FILIPENDULA, Ag. Key West, fide Prof. D. C. Eaton.

*6. SARGASSUM DENTIFOLIUM, Ag. Key West, Dr. E. Palmer.— It is not stated whether this plant was floating or attached. The specimens collected by Dr. Palmer are more luxuriant than those from the Red Sea, but the serrated midrib seems sufficiently characteristic to warrant us in supposing that the species is the same. In a genus containing so many variable species as Sargassum, it hardly seems as though the length of the fructifying ramuli and the size of the air-bladders could constitute specific differences.

7. TURBINARIA VULGARIS, Ag. Key West.

8. PHYLLOSPORA MENZIESII, Ag. San Diego, Cal., and northward. Some forms received from San Diego are quite smooth, and the leaflets are serrated, so that this species approaches nearer to P. comosa of Australia than has generally been supposed. The smooth lower leaflets easily fall off, and make excellent specimens of Laminaria. Most of the specimens of Laminaria from Southern California are of this nature. How and when does this plant fruit?

Halidrys siliquosa, Lyngb.- Said to have been found at Newfoundland. As yet no collector, so far as I know, has seen it on the New England coast.

9. HALIDRYS OSMUNDACEA, Harv. San Diego, Cal., and northward. Extremely variable. It was stated by Ruprecht, and is now generally admitted, that the Cystoseira expansa of Agardh is nothing but the tips of this plant. The fruit, in one specimen sent by Mr.

Cleveland from San Diego, entirely covers one of the lower leaves, something like the normal state in Landsburgia quercifolia.

--

Cystoseira myrica, Ag. Nassau, Dr. E. Palmer. Will probably be found at Key West.

10. Fucus (FUCODIUM) FASTIGIATUS, Ag. Pacific coast.

11. Fucus (OzOTHALLIA, Thuret) NODOSUS, L. East coast. Southern limit?

12. FUCUS DISTICHUS, L. (F. filiformis, Gm.) Marblehead, Mass. Common in the fall. No other locality on our coast yet known, although, probably, not rare.

13. FUCUS FURCATUS, Ag. - Common on the Maine and Massachusetts coast, growing in deeper water than F. vesiculosus. This species has the antheridia and spores in the same conceptacles, as is the case with F. platycarpus, Thuret, a species not as yet recognized on our coast, although it will probably be found. California, fide Lenormand.

14. FUCUS CERANOIDES, L. East coast.

15. FUCUS HARVEYANUS, Dene. Monterey, Cal.

16. FUCUS VESICULOSUS, L. East and west coasts; North Carolina, Rev. E. M. Forbes. Southern limit?

17. FUCUS SERRATUS, L.

two stations in America.

Newburyport, Mass.; Pictou, N.S. Only

18. HIMANTHALIA LOREA, Lyngb.

"Coast of N. America," Ag.

SPOROCHNACEÆ.

This and the remaining orders classed by Harvey in the Melanosperma are, with the exception of the Dictyotacea, placed by Thuret in his division Phæospora (vid. Ann. des Sciences Nat. 3 série, t. 14, 1850).

19. ARTHROCLADIA VILLOSA, Duby. 20. DESMARESTIA ACULEATA, Lmx. coast? Fruit?

Wilmington, N.C.

New York northward. - West

21. DESMARESTIA VIRIDIS, Lmx. New York and northward. West coast?

22. DESMARESTIA LIGULATA, Lmx. Monterey northward.

LAMINARIACEÆ.

23. MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, Ag. West coast.

24. NEREOCYSTIS LUTKEANA, Post. and Rupr. Monterey northward. Fruit?