They were in Peking to make a trade agreement, were they not? Secretary DULLES. A trade agreement was negotiated by the business people of Japan, but its terms were not found acceptable from a political standpoint. Senator MALONE. When the Japanese treaty was before the Senate for approval I made a statement on the future relationship between Japan and China-they of course will resume trade with China. How many nations have recognized Communist China now? Secretary DULLES. I do not have the precise figure. I would say approximately 25, something in that general order. Senator MALONE. Does that include all of the European nations? Secretary DULLES. No, sir. Senator MALONE. How many? Secretary DULLES. Are you talking about Western Europe or Eastern Europe? Senator MALONE. All of Europe. Secretary DULLES. All of the so-called Soviet bloc countries of Europe have recognized Communist China. Senator MALONE. Then what you would call free Europe. How many of them have recognized Communist China? Name what you can remember and then you can complete the record. Secretary DULLES. The United Kingdom has, Sweden has, I think Denmark has. I would not want off hand, Senator Senator MALONE. Would you complete the record? Secretary DULLES. Yes. (The following was subsequently received for the record:) RECOGNITION OF COMMUNIST CHINA Twenty-six nations members of the United Nations and one other nation, Switzerland, recognize or have diplomatic relations with the Communist Chinese regime. In addition, four other Communist regimes (East Germany, North Korea, Outer Mongolia, and North Vietnam) recognize the Communist Chinese regime. The 27 nations recognizing Communist China are: Afghanistan Albania Norway Pakistan Bulgaria Burma Indonesia Israel Nepal Netherlands Poland Rumania Sweden Switzerland United Arab Republic U. S. S. R.: Byelorussia Ukraine Yemen There are, on the other hand, 42 members of the United Nations and 3 other nations (Republic of Korea, the Vatican and the Republic of Vietnam) which recognize or have diplomatic relations with the Government of the Republic of In addition, the Federal Republic of Germany recognizes neither the Communist Chinese regime nor the Republic of China. China. munist China, did that include their member nations of the Empire? Senator MALONE. When Great Britain, England, recognized ComSecretary DULLES. Some of them and some not. Senator MALONE. Would you complete the record in that regard? Secretary DULLES. Yes. Senator MALONE. Now the ones that have recognized Communist China trade with Communist China, do they not? Secretary DULLES. Yes, and some who do not recognize nevertheless trade. Senator MALONE. Yes, I think that is exactly right. And, of course, it was proven through congressional hearings, that these nations also were trading with Russia with certain strategic materials like copper, were they not? England, for example? Secretary DULLES. No, they are not trading in strategic goods. Secretary DULLES. We have a list of strategic goods. My recollection is that copper so far has been kept on the strategic list, and that there is not trade in copper. There is trade I believe in copper wire. Senator MALONE. What is copper wire made out of? Copper? Senator MALONE. Once you have copper, no matter what form it is in you have copper; do you not? Secretary DULLES. Yes. Senator MALONE. For any purpose. Secretary DULLES. You can always melt it down. Senator MALONE. I will ask permission to have included in the record at this time a list of strategic and critical materials that is furnished by the armed services from time to time. It appears on page 10 of the Senate Report 1627, 83d Congress. Senator LONG. If that is already available, Senator Malone, that will be printed in the record. Senator MALONE. At this point. Senator LONG. Yes, the document to which you have referred with that page reference. (The document referred to is as follows:) LIST OF STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MATERIALS Group I Chromite, chemical grade, pp. 61, 189 Chromite, metallurgical grade, pp. 61, 189 Magnesium, p. 94 Manganese ore, battery grade, pp. 95, 188 Manganese ore, chemical grade, pp. 95, 188 Manganese ore, metallurgical grade, pp. 95, 188 Mercury, pp. 100, 186 Mica, muscovite block, good stained and better, p. 105 Mica, muscovite block, stained ¦(radio tube quality), p. 105 Mica, muscovite film, p. 105 Nickel, pp. 107, 150 Platinum group metals, iridium, p. 150- Titanium, pp. 121, 195-197, 199-212 Zinc, p. 130 Uranium, pp. 214-219 Thorium, p. 150 NONMINERALS Cotton, extra long staple, pp. 141, 145 Feathers and down, waterfowl, p. 142 Hyoscine, p. 137 Iodine, p. 85 Jewel bearings, instrument jewel except Sperm oil, p. 140 vee jewels, pp. 86, 87 Jewel bearings, sapphire and ruby vee jewels, pp. 86, 87 Jewel bearings, watch and timing device jewels, pp. 86, 87 Opium, p. 137 Vegetable tannin extract, facing p. 146 chestnut, Vegetable tannin extract, quebracho, facing p. 146 Vegetable tannin extract, wattle, facing p. 146 Platinum group metals, palladium, facing p. 150 Platinum group metals, rhodium, facing p. 150 Mica muscovite block, stained and Platinum group metals, ruthenium, fac lower, p. 105 Mica, phlogopite block, p. 105 ing p. 150 Rutile, p. 197 Platinum group metals, osmium, facing Zirconium ore, Baddeleyite, p. 136 p. 150 Zirconium ore, zircon, p. 136 Senator MALONE. You will find copper very prominent on that list, Mr. Secretary, and the definition of it as a strategic or critical material, so designated since our domestic production does not equal our consumption and it is indispensable in an emergency. Secretary DULLES. Yes. Senator MALONE. That is the general definition; is it not? Senator MALONE. On this list there are 77 such materials I believe grouped in group 1 and group 2. So that there will be no argument about what is strategic. These nations do trade in many of these materials, do they not, with Communist China and, it has even been shown, with the Soviet bloc. Secretary DULLES. They trade; yes, sir. Senator MALONE. Mr. Secretary Secretary DULLES. If I may say so, of course the United States also trades with the Soviet bloc. There is no prohibition of trade with the Soviet bloc. Senator MALONE. What does our trade consist of? Do you have the list or could you furnish it? Secretary DULLES. The Department of Commerce could furnish it; yes. Senator MALONE. Could you get it and make it part of your testimony? Secretary DULLES. Yes. (The following material referred to was subsequently received for the record:) |