NASA SPONSORED AIAA ACCESSION AUTHOR -A75-19692 The ASSESS program documenting and evaluating low cost techniques for conducting research in the flight environment. L. B. Weaver (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Spacelab Program Office, Huntsville, Ala.). In: Human Factors Society, Annual Meeting, 18th, Huntsville, Ala., October 15-17, 1974. (A75-19676 07-54) Santa Monica, Calif., Human Factors Society, 1974, p. 266-277. 8 refs. The Airborne Science Office (ASO) of the Ames Research Center has for 10 years operated an airborne scientific research program in infrared astronomy and other disciplines. The Lear Jet, CV-990, and C-141 flying laboratories are flown by ASO crews, while the major responsibility for defining, developing, and operating the experimental equipment is placed on individual researchers, who have included scientists from many countries. The ASSESS (Airborne Science/Shuttle Experiment Systems Simulation) program consists of two phases: Phase A documents the present management and operational practices of the ASO, and Phase B consists of airborne research missions constrained (for example, by crew confinement) to simulate certain aspects of experimental operations on Shuttle/Spacelab missions. Various parallels between the Airborne Science Program and Spacelab are pointed out and their applications to Spacelab planning are discussed. A.T.S. TITLE AUTHOR'S AFFILIATION t A75-10598 # IAA ENTRIES Looking before you leap The state of the art of technology assessment. H. Fox (New York Institute of Technology, New York, N.Y.). Astronautics and Aeronautics, vol. 12, Nov. 1974, p. 40-47. 19 refs. 'Look before you leap' means the thorough and balanced analysis of all significant primary, secondary, indirect, and delayed consequences of technological innovation on society. Such analyses are being conducted by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) to help Congress to discern the impact of technological change on the vitality of the economic and social aspects of life. Similar technology assessment (TA) organizations are connected with a number of state governments and with the governments of foreign countries. TAS are also conducted by the Technology Assessment Panel formed by the Engineers Joint Council in November 1972. The various types of TA studies are considered. Examples of specific TAS are discussed, giving attention to the effects of the TA on the further development of the specific technology innovation being investigated. A75-10789 # G.R. Seven dangers of designer overspecialization. G. N. Sandor (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y.). Mechanical Engineering, vol. 96, Oct. 1974, p. 23-28. Grant No. NGL-33-018-091. Seven dangers of overspecialization as they apply to the design process are analyzed. They are: missing the real need, formulation of the wrong problem, wrong design concept, wrong hardware, wrong model, over- or underanalysis and poor presentation. As an example, the design of an unmanned Rover for a mission to Mars is studied with the conclusion reached that, specialization, although necessary, should not shut out all other aspects of design or other disciplines. T.S. A75-11111 # A policy study of subsidized air service. W. M. Swan (MIT, Cambridge, Mass.). Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Joint Meeting, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 30, 31, 1974, AIAA Paper 74-1274. 6 p. 8 refs. A fleet assignment model which uses linear programming to maximize the cash income of an airline system is used to study the alternatives in providing air services in low density markets. Issues examined are: cost of using larger aircraft vs small turboprops; cost advantages of including the services in a larger network vs serving them independently; fuel costs in low-density vs high-density markets. . (Author) A75-11697 # AEROSAT system study An example of work sharing. C. Skenderoff (Thomson-CSF, Vélizy Villacoublay, Yvelines, France). (European Space Symposium on International Collaboration in Space, 13th, London, England, June 25-27, 1973.) MARCH 1976 British Interplanetary Society, Journal, vol. 27, Nov. 1974, p. 827-832. Translation. An example is given of the work sharing for a study of a satellite system developed by U.S. and European manufacturers. The paper is concerned with an AEROSAT satellite study undertaken during 1972 under an ESRO contract. It shows the approach selected and the reasons behind this particular approach. The objective of the system is to formulate communication links between the traffic control centers and aircraft operating over the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In addition, it concerns the evaluation of the system performance regarding location as a navigation aid. The system comprises 2 geostationary satellites, transmitting and receiving stations, satellite control stations, and calibration equipment. F.R.L. A75-12030 # Planning and management of science programs on Skylab. R. A. R. Parker and J. R. Sevier (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex.). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and American Geophysical Union, Conference on Scientific Experiments of Skylab, Huntsville, Ala., Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 1974, AIAA Paper 74-1215. 6 p. Discussion of the experience gained in experiment operation planning during the Skylab mission. The Skylab flight planning activity allowed the experimenters to interact with the system and provided the flexibility to respond to contingencies both major and minor. Both these aspects contributed to make efficient use of crew time thus helping to increase the science return from the mission. Examples of the need for real time scheduling response and of the tradeoffs considered between conflicting experiment requirements are presented. General management principles derived from this experience are developed. The Skylab mission experiences, together with previous Apollo mission experiences, are shown to provide a good background for Shuttle flight planning. M.V.E. A75-12080 Dynamic model of interacting economic entities. T. K. Sirazetdinov and S. K. Dzhaksy baev. (Aviatsionnaia Tekhnika, vol. 17, no. 1, 1974, p. 25-30.) Soviet Aeronautics, vol. 17, no. 1, 1974, p. 19-23. Translation. A mathematical description is given for a production process performed by an industrial system consisting of n interacting units with set input and output characteristics. Expressions are derived to interrelate the output capacity, the total amount of input resources, the total working capital expenditure and the product output per unit time in one component unit of a multiunit industrial or commercial system. Particular attention is given to a mathematical model of the development of a two-unit commercial production system. The mathematical problem involved is reduced to the solution of the Cauchy problem of a system of ordinary differential equations. V.Z. A75-12245 # Man as manager of automated resources in an advanced air traffic system. L. L. Jenney (Planar Corp., Alexandria, Va.) and R. S. Ratner (Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif.). AIAA, DOT, and NASA, Life Sciences and Systems Conference, Arlington, Tex., Nov. 6-8, 1974, AIAA Paper 74-1293. 10 p. 6 refs. Questions are explored concerning the nature of man's participation in a future ATC system in which much of the routine operation has been delegated to machine resources. In future ATC systems the degree of man's direct involvement with individual aircraft will be greatly diminished, and his concerns will shift towards information management and process control. The operational role of man in current and future systems is discussed along with his managerial role and questions of reliability and performance assurance. G.R. A75-12246* # Avionics systems in the management of air transportation. B. K. Berkstresser (NASA, Aeronautical Operating Systems Office, Washington, D.C.). AIAA, DOT, and NASA, Life Sciences and Systems Conference, Arlington, Tex., Nov. 6-8, 1974, AIAA Paper 74-1294. 8 p. 5 refs. Aspects of aircraft operating systems technology are discussed along with the requirements of the National Airspace System and the system requirements for transport and light aircraft. Attention is given to problems regarding man's role as systems become increasingly complex. It is pointed out that science does not know enough concerning the operation of the human body to provide information for an optimal exploitation of man's unique capabilities as manager of his aircraft. G.R. A75-12333 # The economical effectiveness of new technology in the fabrication of electronic equipment (Ekonomicheskaia effektivnost novoi tekhniki v elektronnom priborostroenii). V. I. Pavlovets. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Sovetskoe Radio, 1974. 200 p. 62 refs. In Russian. Mathematical techniques are employed for analyzing the potential effectiveness of creating and introducing new technology for the mechanization and automation of production methods in the electronics industry. The analysis also includes the automation of project management and product quality control. The steps in the process of planning, researching, implementing, and evaluating new production techniques are set forth. P.T.H. A75-12899 The impact of technology assessment on industry. D. M. Kiefer. (American Chemical Society, National Meeting, Los Angeles, Calif., Mar. 31-Apr. 5, 1974.) Research Management, vol. 17, Nov. 1974, p. 11-15. The objectives of technology assessment (TA) are examined. The goals of TA are not restricted to an evaluation of the direct, immediate, or primary effects of technological change. TA, in addition, is to scrutinize the interaction, side or secondary effects, and trade-offs among several simultaneously evolving technologies, or between a technological change and society. Questions concerning the practical effects and implications of TA are investigated, giving attention to the apparent inability of TA to have an overriding impact on many individual decisions and to apprehensions that TA might impede technological progress. It is recommended that industry should have an assessment capability of its own as an aid for guiding its technological activities in such a way that they will be acceptable on the basis of economic, political, and social considerations. G.R. A75-12900 The role of technology transfer in innovation. S. Gee (U.S. Navy, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Silver Spring, Md.). Research Management, vol. 17, Nov. 1974, p. 31-36. 11 refs. The meaning of the terms 'technological innovation' and 'technology transfer' is examined, giving attention also to factors which determine the success of an innovation and the length of the innovative time period. The part played by technology transfer in the development of a technological device is illustrated with the aid of specific examples. G.R. A75-13635 Management methods used in the Spacelab project have the goal of ensuring long term low cost to all program participants. The development has a preset funding limitation, while maximizing user services and minimizing cost for the operations phase. Provisions for contingency planning, the roles of the customer and contractor, management control of key parameters for low cost, and the award fee system used to motivate contractors are discussed. A.T.S. A75-13645 # The new European Space Agency (La nouvelle Agence Spatiale Européenne). H. Kaltenecker (ESRO, Neuilly-surSeine, Hauts-de-Seine, France). International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 25th, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sept. 30-Oct. 5, 1974, Paper SL74-11. 15 p. In French. The European Space Agency (ESA) will conduct and coordinate a common European space program, broadening and making more flexible the programs of ESRO and ELDO, which it will replace. The ESA Convention pays special attention to cooperation on applications satellites. The institutional structure of the Agency, including the Convention, the principal Council, program councils, and the office of Director General, are discussed. Functioning of the ESA with respect to resource allocation, installations and services, industrial policy, and internationalization of national programs is considered. The ESA will have legal personality. Arbitration of disputes is envisioned. A.T.S. A75-16610 The long life of Pioneer interplanetary spacecraft is considered along with a general accelerated methodology for long-life mechanical components, dependable long-lived household appliances, and the design and development philosophy to achieve reliability and long life in large turbine generators. Other topics discussed include an integrated management approach to long life in space, artificial heart reliability factors, and architectural concepts and redundancy techniques in fault-tolerant computers. A75-16613 G.R. Integrated management approach to long life in space. E. Schaeffer (Schaeffer Magnetics, Inc., Chatsworth, Calif.). In: Management and design of long-life systems; Proceedings of the Symposium, Denver, Colo., April 24-26, 1973. Tarzana, Calif., American Astronautical Society, 1974, p. 67-77. The concept of long-life systems in the space environment cannot be dealt with only from the viewpoint of better lubricants, materials, etc. This paper proposes to set aside the handbooks and adopt an integrated management approach to the task. The first order of business is to emphasize the design of a company as opposed to the design of a product or system. This paper departs from that premise and then goes on to show the effectiveness of a small company so constituted in its contributions to the space effort. (Author) Producer certification A cost-effective ap A75-16897 proach to parts inspection. T. C. Fisher (United Aircraft Corp., Hamilton Standard Div., Windsor Locks, Conn.). Society of Automotive Engineers, National Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 1-3, 1974, Paper 740810. 4 p. Members, $1.75; nonmembers, $2.75. This paper recounts the experience and ensuing results of the implementation of producer certification in its main factory area by the Hamilton Standard Div. of United Aircraft Corp. Producer certification, applicable to both purchased and shop material, is the assumption of the inspection function by the producing organization. The concept is not new - it has long been practiced in some companies but its acceptance by the aerospace industry has been slow. The paper describes three quality assurance tasks successively transferred to the producing organization and the succeeding results, and concludes with a comparison of Hamilton Standard performance and cost experience under its conventional quality assurance system and the producer certification system. (Author) A75-16899 Process control techniques in airplane manufacturing. C. R. Cunningham (Boeing Commercial Airplane Co., Renton, Wash.). Society of Automotive Engineers, National Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 1-3, 1974, Paper 740812. 6 p. 6 refs. Members, $1.75; nonmembers, $2.75. This paper presents an explanation of the reasons why process control is used in airplane manufacture. A discussion of cadmium plating, structural bonding, and machining provides examples of current control of these processes. (Author) A75-17235 # An overview of Texas activities in remote sensing. R. N. Neece (General Land Office, Austin, Tex.), M. Ellis (Texas Water Development Board, Austin, Tex.), and J. Wells (Interagency Council on Natural Resources and the Environment, Austin, Tex.). In: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th, Ann Arbor, Mich., April 15-19, 1974, Proceedings. Volume 3. Ann Arbor, Mich., Environ. mental Research Institute of Michigan, 1974, p. 2107-2112. A75-17318 # Some comparisons between commercial and military aircraft maintenance and logistics. J. F. McDonald (Flying Tiger Line, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.). Tech Air, vol. 31, Jan. 1975, p. 5-11.9 refs. The evolution of commercial airline maintenance and engineering systems is outlined. Three phases are described, from the pre-war and post-war periods, when fixed overhaul times for engines and airframes were the rule, to the introduction of the B-747, L-1011, and DC-10, which entailed new maintenance planning guidelines. 'On condition' engine control methods have increased the typical time between overhauls from about 1500 hours in 1960 to around 16,000 hours today. Periods between major maintenance operations have also increased for airframes, functional system components, and avionics systems. The FAA maintenance planning guidelines set forth in the MSG-2 document are discussed, and the concepts of scheduled overhaul, on condition (OC), and condition monitoring (CM) are explained. It is concluded that present military maintenance practices could be improved by drawing on the experiences of commercial aviation to increase the economic yield of equipment. A.T.S. A75-17357 # Planning a buildup of aircraft equipment reliability (Planovani nabehu spolehlivosti letecke techniky). I. Forman. (Konference o Spolehlivosti Letecke Techniky, Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, Mar. 19-22, 1974.) Zpravodaj VZLU, no. 2, 1974, p. 53-57. In Czech. Consideration of the process of increasing the reliability of aircraft equipment to required or acceptable levels. This process, called the reliability buildup process, is subject to certain laws, so that it can be planned. An explanation is given of some of these laws, and the use of a graphic representation of a model for system reliability improvement called a reliability buildup curve discussed, with particular regard to the quantification of this curve on the basis of a factor indicating the degree of realization of correction procedures. A.B.K. A75-17479 Pacific range electromagnetic signature studies /Project PRESS/. W. S. Hahn (RCA, Missile and Surface Radar Div., Moorestown, N.J.). RCA Engineer, vol. 20, Oct.-Nov. 1974, p. 60-63. The activities of the Pacific range electromagnetic signature studies (PRESS) program including mission planning, test execution, data reduction and analysis, and the development of radar for sensor systems are reviewed. The paper discusses the roles of the PRESS program which are (1) to provide metric and signature data in test reentry vehicles, and (2) to act as a radar development test bed. Certain features of the sensors and related systems in the PRESS program are summarized. T.S. A75-17675 Task force concepts are considered along with the categories of interdisciplinary activities, task forces for new product development, task forces for successive stages, the managerial control of task force systems, patterns of responsibility and authority, and benefits of interdisciplinary systems. Attention is given to task forces for corporate development, task forces for other corporate functions, projects in the public domain, the environment for industrial expansion, a systems approach to economic development, and the implementation of development opportunities. G.R. A75-17972 The costs of quality (Les coûts de la qualité). B. Veen. (Quality, vol. 18, Summer 1974.) AFCIQ, Bulletin, vol. 10, Dec. 1974, p. 4-9. In French. (Translation). The concept of quality costs in manufacturing is discussed. Quality costs fall into three categories: the costs of defects, the costs of evaluation, and costs of prevention. The costs of defects include internal costs (remachining, repair, etc.) and external costs (recalls, replacements, guarantees, etc.). Costs of evaluation involve costs in sorting, inspection, and control. Costs of prevention are encountered in attempts to decrease the chance of fabricating defective products. The historical development of attempts to control quality costs has culminated in a global concept of prevention and integrated quality control to optimize the three types of costs and to suppress the causes of defects. Examples are given to show that such an integrated approach can significantly reduce quality costs. The usefulness of periodic review of quality costs is emphasized. Optimization of quality costs can reduce cost prices and improve competitiveness. A.T.S. A75-18188 Summary of a system-engineering and functional analysis performed on air traffic control information processing and control functions within the framework of a study carried out to define concepts for possible application to air traffic control operations in the 1990s. This study, called the Advanced Air Traffic Management System (AATMS) study, encompasses the application of higher levels of automation to control and data processing systems and considers new approaches to the mechanization of surveillance, navigation, and communication functions. Following a review of the evolution of the air traffic control system employed in the U.S., the reasons for undertaking the AATMS study are outlined, and the scope of the study is indicated. The AATMS study includes an automation applications study to determine a level of automation (man-machine combination) which will perform air traffic management responsibilities safely, efficiently, and economically; a functional analysis to identify and describe generic air traffic management activities to a high level of detail; and the development of an objective and quantitative evaluation technique for relating man-machine performance capabilities to air traffic management tasks. A.B.K. A75-18269 # |